慨

慨	U+6168, 慨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6168

← 慧
[U+6167]

CJK Unified Ideographs

慩 →
[U+6169]

Translingual

Han character

慨 (radical 61, 心+9 in Chinese, 心+10 in Japanese, 12 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 心日戈山 (PAIU), four-corner 9101₄, composition ⿰忄既)

References

KangXi: page 399, character 24

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11122

Dae Jaweon: page 739, character 11

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2331, character 12

Unihan data for U+6168

Chinese

simp. and trad.		慨

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (旡) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
溉	kɯːds, kɯds
槩	*kɯːds
概	*kɯːds
摡	kɯːds, qʰɯds
慨	*kʰɯːds
嘅	*kʰɯːds
穊	*krɯds
暨	ɡrɯds, kɯds, *krɯd
鱀	ɡrɯds, ɡɯs
塈	ɡrɯds, qʰɯds
既	*kɯds
旡	*kɯds
蔇	*kɯds
炁	*kʰɯds
櫭	*ɡrad
曁	*kɯd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰɯːds) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 既 (OC *kɯds).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kǎi (kai³)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄞˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): koi², koi³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khói
Min Nan (POJ): khài

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: kǎi
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄞˇ
  - Wade–Giles: k'ai³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kae
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: koi², koi³
  - Yale: kói, koi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: koi², koi³
  - Guangdong Romanization: koi², koi³
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰɔːy̯³⁵/, /kʰɔːy̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khói
  - Hakka Romanization System: koi`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: koi³
  - IPA: /kʰoi̯³¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khài
  - Tâi-lô: khài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qaix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰaɪ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰaɪ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰaɪ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰaɪ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰaɪ²¹/

Middle Chinese: /kʰʌi^H/▼

Rime
Character	慨
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦蓋切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəj^H/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀi^H/
Wang Li	/kʰɒi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑ̆i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kài

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤə[t]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	慨
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kài
Middle Chinese	‹ khoj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]ˁə[t]-s/
English	disappointed
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慨
Reading #	1/1
No.	5814
Phonetic component	旡
Rime group	隊
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	磕
Old Chinese	/*kʰɯːds/

Definitions

慨

Compounds

悲歌慷慨
感慨 (gǎnkǎi)
感慨萬千／感慨万千
慨允
慨嘆／慨叹
慨恨
慨想
慨慨
慨憤／慨愤

慨歎／慨叹
慨然 (kǎirán)
慨然允諾／慨然允诺
慨然應允／慨然应允
慨然領諾／慨然领诺
慷慨 (kāngkǎi)
慷慨仗義／慷慨仗义
慷慨悲歌
慷慨捐生

慷慨擔承／慷慨担承
慷慨激昂 (kāngkǎijī'áng)
慷慨激烈
慷慨解囊 (kāngkǎijiěnáng)
慷慨赴義／慷慨赴义
慷慨陳詞／慷慨陈词
憤慨／愤慨 (fènkǎi)
激昂慷慨
軫慨／轸慨

References

“慨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

慨

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

rue, lament, be sad
sigh

Readings

Go-on: かい (kai)
Kan-on: かい (kai)
Kan’yō-on: がい (gai, Jōyō)
Kun: なげく (nageku, 慨く)

Korean

Hanja

慨 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

慨 (khái, khới)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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