懺

See also: 忏 and 懴

懺	U+61FA, 懺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61FA

← 懹
[U+61F9]

CJK Unified Ideographs

懻 →
[U+61FB]

Translingual

Han character

懺 (radical 61, 心+17, 20 strokes, cangjie input 心人戈一 (POIM), four-corner 9305₀, composition ⿰忄韱)

References

KangXi: page 408, character 34

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11478

Dae Jaweon: page 750, character 9

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2370, character 15

Unihan data for U+61FA

Chinese

trad.		懺
simp.		忏^*
variant forms		懴讖／谶

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (韱) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
讖	*sʰrims
攕	*sreːm
櫼	sreːm, ʔsem
懺	*sʰraːms
殲	*ʔsem
瀸	*ʔsem
鑯	*ʔsem
虃	*ʔslem
籤	*sʰem
韯	*sem
纖	*sem
孅	*sem
韱	*sem
襳	sem, srem, *srim

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰraːms) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 韱 (OC *sem).

Etymology

Clipping of 懺摩 (MC t͡ʃʰˠam^H muɑ, “repentance”), from Sanskrit क्षमा (kṣamā, “patience; forbearance; indulgence”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chàn (chan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): caam³, cim³
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chhàm

(Teochew, Peng'im): cam³ / ciam¹
Wu (Wiktionary): tshe (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: chàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˋ
  - Wade–Giles: ch'an⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chann
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: caam³, cim³
  - Yale: chaam, chim
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam³, tsim³
  - Guangdong Romanization: cam³, qim³
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰäːm³³/, /t͡sʰiːm³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhàm
  - Tâi-lô: tshàm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhaxm
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰam²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰam⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰam²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰam¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰam²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cam³ / ciam¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshàm / tshiam
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰam²¹³/, /t͡sʰiam³³/

Note: ciam1 - 俗讀.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: tshe (T2)
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰe̞³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ʃʰˠam^H/▼

Rime
Character	懺
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	銜 (149)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	楚鑑切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰˠam^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚam^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰam^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨm^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰam^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰam^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰam^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chàn

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*sʰraːms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	懺
Reading #	1/1
No.	13476
Phonetic component	韱
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	懺
Old Chinese	/*sʰraːms/
Notes	梵譯kṣama

Definitions

懺

to repent
to confess on account of repentance

Compounds

大悲懺／大悲忏
悔過自懺／悔过自忏
懺七／忏七
懺事／忏事
懺悔／忏悔 (chànhuǐ)

懺悔錄／忏悔录
懺法／忏法
懺禮／忏礼
拜懺／拜忏
拜水懺／拜水忏

梁皇寶懺／梁皇宝忏
梁皇懺／梁皇忏
水懺／水忏
禮懺／礼忏
經懺／经忏

References

“懺”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

懺

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): ざん (zan); さん (san)
Kun: くいる (kuiru, 懺いる)

Korean

Hanja

懺 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)

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Vietnamese

Han character

懺 (sám, sắm)

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