暹羅

See also: 暹罗

Chinese

		Siam	to collect; to gather; to catch to collect; to gather; to catch; to shift; gauze
trad. (暹羅)		暹	羅
simp. (暹罗)		暹	罗

Etymology

Short for 暹羅斛／暹罗斛 (as recorded in the History of Ming), which was a combined name for two states in modern-day Thailand:

暹 (Xiān), referring to the kingdom of Siam, likely the kingdom of Suvarnabhumi; and
羅斛／罗斛, the kingdom of Lavo (now called Lopburi).

The two kingdoms merged in the mid-14^th century to become the Ayutthaya Kingdom, and the combined Chinese name 暹羅 remained in use to refer to subsequent Thai kingdoms.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Xiānluó

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢㄌㄨㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cim³ lo^4-2, cim³ lo⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Siàm-lò
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): Siam-lô / Siām-lô

(Teochew, Peng'im): siam⁵ lo⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: Xiānluó
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢㄌㄨㄛˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shianluo
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: cim³ lo^4-2, cim³ lo⁴
  - Yale: chim ló, chim lòh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsim³ lo^4-2, tsim³ lo⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: qim³ lo², qim³ lo⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːm³³ lɔː²¹⁻³⁵/, /t͡sʰiːm³³ lɔː²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Siàm-lò
  - Hakka Romanization System: xiamˇ loˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xiam² lo²
  - IPA: /ɕi̯am¹¹ lo¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Siam-lô
  - Tâi-lô: Siam-lô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siamlooi
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiam⁴⁴⁻²² lo²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Siām-lô
  - Tâi-lô: Siām-lô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siaxmlooi
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiam³³⁻²¹ lɤ²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɕiam³³⁻¹¹ lo²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: siam⁵ lo⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siâm lô
  - IPA ^(key): /siam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lo⁵⁵/

Proper noun

暹羅

(historical) Siam (old name for Thailand)

Derived terms

暹羅灣／暹罗湾

暹羅貓／暹罗猫

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
暹	羅
Hyōgaiji	Grade: S
Irregular

Pronunciation

(Irregular reading)
- IPA^(key): [ɕa̠mɯ̟ᵝ]

Proper noun

暹羅 (hiragana しゃむ, katakana シャム, rōmaji Shamu)

Obsolete spelling of シャム (“Siam”)[1][2][3][4]
- 1903, 巖谷小波, 洋行土產, volume 2, 博文館, page 271:
  
  此間 (このあひだ)日 (に)本 (ほん)へも御來遊 (ごらいいう)のあつた、暹羅 (シヤム)の皇太子殿下 (くわうたいしでんか)が、伯林 (ベルリン)市 (し)を見 (み)舞 (ま)はれたのは、たしか去年 (きよねん)の五月 (ごぐわつ)頃 (ごろ)であつた。
  Kono aida Nihon e mo go-raiyū no atta, Shamu no kōtaishi-denka ga, Berurin-shi o mimawareta no wa, tashika kyonen no go-gatsu-goro de atta.
  (please add an English translation of this example)
- 1916, 來馬琢道, 南國順禮記, 平和書院, page 22:
  
  而 (しか)して、最 (もつと)も尊 (そん)敬 (けい)すべき釋尊 (しやくそん)の御舍利 (おしやり)は、世界 (せかい)唯一 (ゆゐいつ)の佛敎國 (ぶつけうこく)たる暹羅 (しやむ)國 (こく)の皇帝陛下 (くわうていへいか)へ寄 (き)贈 (そう)されたのである
  shikashite, mottomo sonkei-su-beki shakuson no o-shari wa, sekai yuiitsu no bukkyō-koku-taru Shamu-koku no kōtei-heika e kisō-sareta no de aru
  (please add an English translation of this example)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
暹	羅
しゃむ Hyōgaiji	ろ Grade: S
Irregular

Ateji (当て字), from Chinese 暹羅.

Pronunciation

(Irregular reading)
- IPA^(key): [ɕa̠mɯ̟ᵝɾo̞]

Proper noun

暹羅 (hiragana しゃむろ, katakana シャムロ, rōmaji Shamuro)

(historical) Synonym of シャム (Shamu, “Siam”)[1][2][3][4]

References

1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
1998, 広辞苑 (Kōjien), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
暹	羅

Proper noun

暹羅

Hán tự form of Xiêm La (“Siam”).

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[KDJ-1] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[DJS-2] 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[KJE-3] 1998, 広辞苑 (Kōjien), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

[DJR-4] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN