焼く
Japanese
Kanji in this term |
---|
焼 |
や Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
Etymology
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE, and in the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759 CE.[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
焼く (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 燒く, transitive, godan conjugation, hiragana やく, rōmaji yaku)
Japanese verb pair | |
---|---|
active | 焼く |
mediopassive | 焼ける |
- to change something by means of fire, light, chemicals, or other means:
Conjugation
Conjugation of "焼く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 焼か | やか | yaka |
Continuative (連用形) | 焼き | やき | yaki |
Terminal (終止形) | 焼く | やく | yaku |
Attributive (連体形) | 焼く | やく | yaku |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 焼け | やけ | yake |
Imperative (命令形) | 焼け | やけ | yake |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 焼かれる | やかれる | yakareru |
Causative | 焼かせる 焼かす |
やかせる やかす |
yakaseru yakasu |
Potential | 焼ける | やける | yakeru |
Volitional | 焼こう | やこう | yakō |
Negative | 焼かない | やかない | yakanai |
Negative continuative | 焼かず | やかず | yakazu |
Formal | 焼きます | やきます | yakimasu |
Perfective | 焼いた | やいた | yaita |
Conjunctive | 焼いて | やいて | yaite |
Hypothetical conditional | 焼けば | やけば | yakeba |
Classical conjugation of "焼く" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 焼か | やか | yaka |
Continuative (連用形) | 焼き | やき | yaki |
Terminal (終止形) | 焼く | やく | yaku |
Attributive (連体形) | 焼く | やく | yaku |
Realis (已然形) | 焼け | やけ | yake |
Imperative (命令形) | 焼け | やけ | yake |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 焼かず | やかず | yakazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 焼けど | やけど | yakedo |
Causal conjunction | 焼けば | やけば | yakeba |
Conditional conjunction | 焼かば | やかば | yakaba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 焼きき | やきき | yakiki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 焼きけり | やきけり | yakikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 焼きつ | やきつ | yakitu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 焼きぬ | やきぬ | yakinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 焼けり 焼きたり | やけり やきたり | yakeri yakitari |
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 焼き芋 (yakiimo): a baked sweet potato
- 焼き印 (yakiin): a branding iron; a brand (the mark made by the branding iron)
- 焼き塩 (yakishio): table salt
- 焼き海苔 (yakinori): grilled nori, grilled laver
- 焼き絵 (yakie): a pyrograph, pokerwork, woodburning
- 焼き魚 (yakizakana): a grilled or broiled fish
- 焼き蕎麦 (yakisoba): yakisoba, stir-fried noodles
- 焼き玉機関 (yakidamakikan): a semidiesel engine
- 焼き金 (yakigane): a branding iron
- 焼き串 (yakigushi): a spit, a skewer
- 焼き栗 (yakiguri): a roasted chestnut
- 焼き殺す (yakikorosu): to burn to death, to kill by burning
- 焼き捨てる (yakisuteru): to dispose of by burning, to incinerate
- 焼き上がる (yakiagaru): to be finished baking, broiling, firing, printing, etc.
- 焼き上げる (yakiageru): to finish baking, broiling, firing, printing, etc. something
- 焼き場 (yakiba): a crematorium
- 焼き石 (yakiishi): a heated stone
- 焼き切る (yakikiru): to burn something off, to separate something by burning; to fully broil, roast, etc. something
- 焼き金 (yakikin): smelted gold, purified gold
- 焼き物 (yakimono): pottery, ceramics, stoneware, china
Verb
焼く (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 燒く, intransitive, shimo nidan conjugation, hiragana やく, rōmaji yaku)
Usage notes
The intransitive use of yaku is now obsolete, and has been superseded by the modern form 焼ける (yakeru).
References
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 15, poem 3652), text here
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- Hirayama, Tetsuo (1960) 全国アクセント辞典 (Nationwide Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: 東京堂,.
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