犧牲

See also: 牺牲

Chinese

		sacrifice	domestic animal
trad. (犧牲)		犧	牲
simp. (牺牲)		牺	牲

Etymology

"sacrifice (animal)" (pre-Qin) -> "to immolate" (c. 1840) -> "to sacrifice" (c. 1900).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xīshēng

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄕㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hei¹ sang¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hî-sên
Min Nan (POJ): hi-sng / hi-seng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Pinyin: xīshēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄕㄥ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shisheng
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    吸聲／吸声
    犧牲／牺牲
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hei¹ sang¹
  - Yale: hēi sāng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hei¹ sang¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: héi¹ seng¹
  - IPA ^(key): /hei̯⁵⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hî-sên
  - Hakka Romanization System: hi´ sen´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hi¹ sen¹
  - IPA: /hi²⁴⁻¹¹ sen²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hi-sng
  - Tâi-lô: hi-sng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hisngf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hi³³ sŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hi-seng
  - Tâi-lô: hi-sing
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hisefng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hi⁴⁴⁻²² ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hi⁴⁴⁻³³ ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /hˠiᴇ ʃˠæŋ/▼

Rime
Character	犧	牲
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	支 (13)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III	II
Fanqie	許羈切	所庚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠiᴇ/	/ʃˠæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/hᵚiɛ/	/ʃᵚaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/xiɛ/	/ʃaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hjiə̆/	/ʂaɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/xje/	/ʃɐŋ/
Wang Li	/xǐe/	/ʃɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/xie̯/	/ʂɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xī	shēng

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*hŋral sreŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	犧
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xī
Middle Chinese	‹ xje ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋ̊(r)a[j]/
English	sacrificial animal
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	犧	牲
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13057	11313
Phonetic component	我	生
Rime group	歌	耕
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	犧	生
Old Chinese	/*hŋral/	/*sreŋ/

Noun

犧牲

sacrifice (animal, object presented to a deity)

Verb

犧牲

to give one's life for a certain cause; to sacrifice oneself
to sacrifice (give away something valuable)

Synonyms

(give one's life) 赴死 (fùsǐ)

Derived terms

犧牲品／牺牲品 (xīshēngpǐn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (犧牲):

→ Japanese: 犠 (ぎ)牲 (せい) (gisei)
→ Korean: 희생 (犧牲, huisaeng)
→ Vietnamese: hi sinh (犧牲)

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