犯

犯	U+72AF, 犯 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72AF

← 犮
[U+72AE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

犰 →
[U+72B0]

Translingual

Han character

犯 (radical 94, 犬+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大竹尸山 (KHSU), four-corner 4721₂, composition ⿰犭㔾)

Derived characters

𠱍, 𣳜

References

KangXi: page 706, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20238
Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1331, character 8
Unihan data for U+72AF

Chinese

simp. and trad.		犯

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 犯
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (氾) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
氾	pʰoms, bom
犯	*bomʔ
範	*bomʔ
范	*bomʔ
笵	*bomʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *bomʔ) : semantic 犬 + phonetic 𢎘.

Etymology

"To pass over" > "to offend against, oppose". Compare 氾.

This character originally had bilabial nasal (*-m) final in Old and Middle Chinese, but had undergone dissimilation (from bilabial plosive *b-) to become *-n in most dialects, except for Hakka. Similar dissimilation happened in 帆.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fàn (fan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): faan⁶, faan^6-2
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fam

(Meixian, Guangdong): fam⁴
Min Dong (BUC): huâng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hoǎn / hoān

(Teochew, Peng'im): huang⁶ / huam⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): ve (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: fàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˋ
  - Wade–Giles: fan⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fann
  - IPA ^(key): /fän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: faan⁶, faan^6-2
  - Yale: faahn, fáan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: faan⁶, faan^6-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: fan⁶, fan²
  - IPA ^(key): /fäːn²²/, /fäːn²²⁻³⁵/

Note: faan6-2 - noun only.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fam
  - Hakka Romanization System: fam
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fam⁴
  - IPA: /fam⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fam⁴
  - IPA: /fam⁵³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: huâng
  - IPA ^(key): /huɑŋ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoǎn
  - Tâi-lô: huǎn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /huan²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān
  - Tâi-lô: huān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoan
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /huan³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /huan²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huang⁶ / huam⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huăng / huăm
  - IPA ^(key): /huaŋ³⁵/, /huam³⁵/

Note:

huang6 - Shantou;
huam6 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ve (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /v̻e̞²³/

Middle Chinese: /bɨɐm^X/▼

Rime
Character	犯
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	凡 (146)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	防錽切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨɐm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/biɐm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/biɐm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buam^X/
Li Rong	/biɐm^X/
Wang Li	/bĭwɐm^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯wɐm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fàn

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*bomʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	犯
Reading #	1/1
No.	2980
Phonetic component	氾
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	范
Old Chinese	/*bomʔ/

Definitions

犯

to commit (crime), to violate
犯罪 ― fànzuì ― to commit crime
criminal
罪犯 ― zuìfàn ― criminal

俾個犯走甩咗呀！ [Cantonese, trad.]
俾个犯走甩咗呀！ [Cantonese, simp.]
Bei² go³ faan^6-2 zau² lat¹ zo² aa³! [Jyutping]
The criminal ran loose!

Compounds

Derived terms from 犯

不作為犯／不作为犯
不是風犯／不是风犯
不犯
不犯尋思／不犯寻思
不犯王法
不犯著
主犯 (zhǔfàn)
互不侵犯
人犯 (rénfàn)
作奸犯科
作姦犯科／作奸犯科
作為犯／作为犯
來犯／来犯 (láifàn)
侵犯 (qīnfàn)
偶犯
傾巢來犯／倾巢来犯
兇犯／凶犯 (xiōngfàn)
內犯／内犯
共同正犯
共犯 (gòngfàn)
共犯罪
再犯
再犯率
冒犯 (màofàn)
冒險犯難／冒险犯难
凜然難犯／凛然难犯
凶犯
刑事犯
初犯
前科犯
匪犯
原犯
各不相犯
同案犯 (tóng'ànfàn)
單行犯／单行犯
囚犯 (qiúfàn)
女犯
嫌犯 (xiánfàn)
嫌疑犯 (xiányífàn)
子犯
少年犯 (shàoniánfàn)
少年犯罪
常業犯／常业犯
干名犯義／干名犯义
干犯 (gānfàn)
從犯／从犯 (cóngfàn)
性侵犯 (xìngqīnfàn)
性犯罪
惱犯／恼犯
慣犯／惯犯 (guànfàn)
慣行犯／惯行犯
戰犯／战犯 (zhànfàn)
戰犯法庭／战犯法庭
打牙犯嘴
技術犯規／技术犯规
投手犯規／投手犯规
政治犯 (zhèngzhìfàn)
故犯
教唆犯 (jiàosuōfàn)
既遂犯
明知故犯 (míngzhīgùfàn)
智能犯罪
暴力犯罪

有犯無隱／有犯无隐
未決犯／未决犯
未遂犯
欽犯／钦犯 (qīnfàn)
正犯
殺人犯／杀人犯 (shārénfàn)
毫毛不犯
沖犯／冲犯 (chōngfàn)
流竄犯／流窜犯
瀆犯／渎犯
牽連犯／牵连犯 (qiānliánfàn)
犯上 (fànshàng)
犯上作亂／犯上作乱
犯不上
犯不是
犯不著
犯事 (fànshì)
犯人 (fànrén)
犯傻
犯刺兒／犯刺儿
犯勁／犯劲
犯土
犯境
犯夜
犯奸
犯對／犯对
犯得上 (fàndeshàng)
犯得著 (fàndezháo)
犯忌
犯忌諱／犯忌讳
犯惡／犯恶
犯愁 (fànchóu)
犯意 (fànyì)
犯戒
犯拙
犯案
犯款
犯歲／犯岁
犯毒
犯法 (fànfǎ)
犯法違理／犯法违理
犯渾／犯浑 (fànhún)
犯潮
犯牙兒／犯牙儿
犯牛勁／犯牛劲
犯由
犯疑
犯病 (fànbìng)
犯的上
犯相
犯禁 (fànjìn)
犯科
犯節氣／犯节气
犯罪 (fànzuì)
犯罪團伙／犯罪团伙
犯罪學／犯罪学 (fànzuìxué)
犯罪率 (fànzuìlǜ)
犯罪現場／犯罪现场 (fànzuì xiànchǎng)
犯罪者 (fànzuìzhě)
犯罪行為／犯罪行为 (fànzuì xíngwéi)
犯罪集團／犯罪集团
犯而不校

犯脾氣／犯脾气
犯舌
犯規／犯规 (fànguī)
犯言
犯調／犯调
犯諱／犯讳
犯賤／犯贱 (fànjiàn)
犯蹕／犯跸
犯過／犯过
犯錯／犯错 (fàncuò)
犯闕／犯阙
犯關排闥／犯关排闥
犯難／犯难
犯順／犯顺
犯顏／犯颜
犯顏苦諫／犯颜苦谏
犯鱗／犯鳞
現行犯／现行犯 (xiànxíngfàn)
甲級戰犯／甲级战犯
疑犯 (yífàn)
白領犯罪／白领犯罪
盜犯／盗犯
監犯／监犯
真兇實犯／真凶实犯
真贓實犯／真赃实犯
眾怒難犯／众怒难犯
知法犯法 (zhīfǎfànfǎ)
秋毫不犯
秋毫無犯／秋毫无犯 (qiūháo wú fàn)
竄犯／窜犯 (cuànfàn)
竊犯／窃犯
累犯
經濟犯罪／经济犯罪
縱火犯／纵火犯 (zònghuǒfàn)
罪犯 (zuìfàn)
脅從犯／胁从犯
舅犯
良心犯 (liángxīnfàn)
虞犯少年
行政犯
衝犯／冲犯
要犯 (yàofàn)
觸犯／触犯 (chùfàn)
觸禁犯忌／触禁犯忌
認犯頭／认犯头
調犯／调犯
賭犯／赌犯
越獄犯／越狱犯
軍事犯／军事犯
逃犯 (táofàn)
逆天犯順／逆天犯顺
通緝犯／通缉犯
連續犯／连续犯
進犯／进犯 (jìnfàn)
過犯／过犯
過贓犯法／过赃犯法
違犯／违犯 (wéifàn)
重犯
間接正犯／间接正犯
陵犯
首犯
麻犯

Japanese

Kanji

犯

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

crime, offense
criminal, culprit, offender
disciplined monk committing such offense

Readings

Go-on: ぼん (bon)^{←ぼん (bon, historical)}^{←ぼむ (bomu, ancient)}
Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)^{←はん (fan, historical)}^{←はむ (famu, ancient)}
Kun: おかす (okasu, 犯す, Jōyō)^{←をかす (wokasu, historical)}

Compounds

犯 (はん)意 (い) (han'i)
犯 (はん)行 (こう) (hankō)
犯罪 (はんざい) (hanzai)
犯 (はん)人 (にん) (hannin)
違 (い)犯 (はん) (ihan)
共 (きょう)犯 (はん) (kyōhan)
再犯 (さいはん) (saihan)
事 (じ)犯 (はん) (jihan)
主 (しゅ)犯 (はん) (shuhan)
従 (じゅう)犯 (はん) (jūhan)
初 (しょ)犯 (はん) (shohan)
侵 (しん)犯 (ぱん) (shinpan)
正 (せい)犯 (はん) (seihan)
戦 (せん)犯 (ぱん) (senpan)
防 (ぼう)犯 (はん) (bōhan)
犯 (ぼん)す (bon su), 犯 (ぼん)ず (bonzu)
違 (い)犯 (ぼん) (ibon)
女 (にょ)犯 (ぼん) (nyobon)
不 (ふ)犯 (ぼん) (fubon)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
犯
はん Grade: 5
kan’on

/pɨɐm/ → /pamʉ/ → /famʉ/ → /haɴ/

From Middle Chinese, 犯 (MC bɨɐm^X).

Suffix

犯 (hiragana はん, rōmaji -han)

perpetrators of a crime
some types of crime

Derived terms

危 (き)険 (けん)犯 (はん) (kiken-han)
教 (きょう)唆 (さ)犯 (はん) (kyōsa-han)
強力 (ごうりき)犯 (はん) (gōriki-han)
財政 (ざいせい)犯 (はん) (zaisei-han)
集 (しゅう)合 (ごう)犯 (はん) (shūgō-han)
状態 (じょうたい)犯 (はん) (jōtai-han)
即 (そく)時 (じ)犯 (はん) (sokuji-han)
法 (ほう)定 (てい)犯 (はん) (hōtei-han)

Korean

Hanja

犯 • (beom) (hangeul 범, revised beom, McCune–Reischauer pŏm, Yale pem)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

犯 (phạm)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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