運動

See also: 运动

Chinese

		to move; to transport; to use to move; to transport; to use; to apply; fortune; luck; fate	to move; to change; to use to move; to change; to use; to act
trad. (運動)		運	動
simp. (运动)		运	动

Etymology

Attestable in ancient Chinese texts. For the sense of "sports", wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 運 (うん)動 (どう) (undō)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yùndòng

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wan⁶ dung⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yun-thung
Min Dong (BUC): ông-dông
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ūn-tōng / ūn-tǒng

(Teochew, Peng'im): ung⁷ dong⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): hhyn don (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Pinyin: yùndòng → yùndong (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ → ㄩㄣˋ ˙ㄉㄨㄥ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yunn.donq
  - IPA ^(key): /yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹/ → /yn⁵¹ d̥ʊŋ¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    暈動／晕动
    運動／运动
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: wan⁶ dung⁶
  - Yale: wahn duhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wan⁶ dung⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: wen⁶ dung⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /wɐn²² tʊŋ²²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yun-thung
  - Hakka Romanization System: iun tung
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yun⁴ tung⁴
  - IPA: /i̯un⁵⁵ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yun-thung
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iun tung
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yun⁴ tung⁴
  - IPA: /(j)i̯un⁵⁵ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ông-dông
  - IPA ^(key): /uŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ^(t-)nouŋ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ūn-tōng
  - Tâi-lô: ūn-tōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: uxndong
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /un²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /un³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /un³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ūn-tǒng
  - Tâi-lô: ūn-tǒng
  - IPA (Philippines): /un⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /un⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ung⁷ dong⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ūng tŏng
  - IPA ^(key): /uŋ¹¹ toŋ³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: hhyn don (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /ɦʏɲ²² d̻ʊŋ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /ɦɨun^H duŋ^X/▼

Rime
Character	運	動
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	文 (59)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	王問切	徒揔切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɨun^H/	/duŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦiun^H/	/duŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuən^H/	/duŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦun^H/	/dəwŋ^X/
Li Rong	/ɣiuən^H/	/duŋ^X/
Wang Li	/ɣĭuən^H/	/duŋ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯uən^H/	/dʱuŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yùn	dòng

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷər-s [Cə-m-]tˤoŋʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɢuns doːŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	運	動
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yùn	dòng
Middle Chinese	‹ hjun^H ›	‹ duwng^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷər-s/	/*[Cə-m-]tˁoŋʔ/
English	turn round, move	move
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	運	動
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	7341	17449
Phonetic component	軍	重
Rime group	文	東
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	運	動
Old Chinese	/*ɢuns/	/*doːŋʔ/

Verb

運動

to exercise; to move about
to get things done by pulling strings

Noun

運動

athletics; sports; exercise; game
球類運動 / 球类运动 ― qiúlèi yùndòng ― ball games
(physics) movement; motion
(politics) movement; campaign
掃盲運動 / 扫盲运动 ― sǎománg yùndòng ― movement to eliminate illiteracy

Derived terms

Derived terms from 運動

五卅運動／五卅运动 (Wǔsà Yùndòng)
五四運動／五四运动 (Wǔsì Yùndòng)
共運／共运 (gòngyùn)
團隊運動／团队运动 (tuánduì yùndòng)
技巧運動／技巧运动 (jìqiǎo yùndòng)
新文化運動／新文化运动 (Xīn Wénhuà Yùndòng)
有氧運動／有氧运动 (yǒuyǎng yùndòng)
民族運動／民族运动 (mínzú yùndòng)
運動健將／运动健将
運動員／运动员 (yùndòngyuán)
運動場／运动场 (yùndòngchǎng)

運動學／运动学 (yùndòngxué)
運動戰／运动战
運動會／运动会 (yùndònghuì)
運動服／运动服 (yùndòngfú)
運動神經／运动神经
運動能力／运动能力 (yùndòng nénglì)
運動衫／运动衫
運動襪／运动袜
運動量／运动量 (yùndòngliàng)
運動鞋／运动鞋 (yùndòngxié)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
運	動
うん Grade: 3	どう Grade: 3
on’yomi

Noun

運動 (hiragana うんどう, rōmaji undō)

athletics, exercise
(politics) movement, drive, campaign
(physics) movement

Synonyms

(athletics): スポーツ (supōtsu, “sport”)
(public movement): ムーブメント (mūbumento, “movement”)

Derived terms

運動会 (うんどうかい) (undōkai): athletic meet
運 (うん)動 (どう)場 (じょう) (undōjō), 運 (うん)動 (どう)場 (ば) (undōba): athletic ground
運 (うん)動 (どう)選 (せん)手 (しゅ) (undōsenshu): athlete

Verb

運動する (intransitive, hiragana うんどうする, rōmaji undō suru)

exercise, work out

Conjugation

Conjugation of "運動する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	運動し	うんどうし	undō shi
Continuative (連用形)	運動し	うんどうし	undō shi
Terminal (終止形)	運動する	うんどうする	undō suru
Attributive (連体形)	運動する	うんどうする	undō suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	運動すれ	うんどうすれ	undō sure
Imperative (命令形)	運動せよ¹ 運動しろ²	うんどうせよ¹ うんどうしろ²	undō seyo¹ undō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	運動される	うんどうされる	undō sareru
Causative	運動させる運動さす	うんどうさせるうんどうさす	undō saseru undō sasu
Potential	運動できる	うんどうできる	undō dekiru
Volitional	運動しよう	うんどうしよう	undō shiyō
Negative	運動しない	うんどうしない	undō shinai
Negative continuative	運動せず	うんどうせず	undō sezu
Formal	運動します	うんどうします	undō shimasu
Perfective	運動した	うんどうした	undō shita
Conjunctive	運動して	うんどうして	undō shite
Hypothetical conditional	運動すれば	うんどうすれば	undō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
運	動

Noun

運動 • (undong) (hangeul 운동)

Hanja form^? of 운동 (“exercise; physical activity; sport; movement in general”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this word
運	動

Verb

運動

Hán tự form of vận động (“to move; to be in motion”).

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