𒂊𒌍𒄯
Hittite
Etymology
From Proto-Anatolian *ʔésHr̥ (genitive *ʔsHanós), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥ (genitive *h₁sh₂éns). Anatolian cognates include Cuneiform Luwian 𒀀𒀸𒄩𒅈 (āšḫar, “blood”). Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek ἔαρ (éar), Sanskrit असृज् (asṛj), Old Armenian արիւն (ariwn), and Old Latin assyr/Latin sanguis. Original PIE heteroclitic inflection as been preserved in Hittite, with a shift from proterodynamic to hysterodynamic class.
Inflection
| Broad transcription | ||
|---|---|---|
| heteroclitic noun | ||
| Neuter gender | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | ēšḫar | – |
| ɛ́ːʃħːr̩ | – | |
| accusative | ēšḫar | – |
| ɛ́ːʃħːr̩ | – | |
| genitive | išḫanaš | – |
| iʃħːánaʃ | – | |
| dative-locative | išḫani | – |
| iʃħːáni | – | |
| allative | išḫana | – |
| iʃħːána | – | |
| ablative | išḫanaz(a) | – |
| iʃħːánat͡s | – | |
| instrumental | išḫanta, išḫanit | – |
| iʃħːánt, iʃħːánit | – | |
| The desinences in this table have been normalized. For alternative endings see Appendix:Hittite declension | ||
| Cuneiform | ||
|---|---|---|
| heteroclitic noun | ||
| Neuter gender | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | 𒂊𒌍𒄯 | – |
| e-eš-ḫar | – | |
| accusative | 𒂊𒌍𒄯 | – |
| e-eš-ḫar | – | |
| genitive | 𒅖𒄩𒈾𒀸 | – |
| iš-ḫa-na-aš | – | |
| dative-locative | 𒅖𒄩𒉌 | – |
| iš-ḫa-ni | – | |
| allative | 𒅖𒄩𒈾 | – |
| iš-ḫa-na | – | |
| ablative | 𒅖𒄩𒈾𒊍 | – |
| iš-ḫa-na-az | – | |
| instrumental | 𒅖𒄩𒀭𒋫, 𒅖𒄩𒉌𒀉 | – |
| iš-ḫa-an-ta, iš-ḫa-ni-it | – | |
| More than one syllabification is possible. For more information see Wiktionary:Hittite transliteration | ||
Derived terms
References
- Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 256ff
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