Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/managaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Likely from a substrate language of northwestern Europe. Proto-Celtic *menekkis, Proto-Slavic *mъnogъ, Finnish moni are probably from the same source.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmɑ.nɑ.ɣɑz/

Adjective

*managaz (comparative *managizô, superlative *managistaz)

many
much (large amount of)

Inflection

Declension of *managaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*managaz	*managai	*managō	*managôz	*managą, -atō	*managō
Accusative	*managanǭ	*managanz	*managǭ	*managōz	*managą, -atō	*managō
Genitive	*managas, -is	*managaizǫ̂	*managaizōz	*managaizǫ̂	*managas, -is	*managaizǫ̂
Dative	*managammai	*managaimaz	*managaizōi	*managaimaz	*managammai	*managaimaz
Instrumental	*managanō	*managaimiz	*managaizō	*managaimiz	*managanō	*managaimiz

Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*managô	*managaniz	*managǭ	*managōniz	*managô	*managōnō
Accusative	*managanų	*managanunz	*managōnų	*managōnunz	*managô	*managōnō
Genitive	*managiniz	*managanǫ̂	*managōniz	*managōnǫ̂	*managiniz	*managanǫ̂
Dative	*managini	*managammaz	*managōni	*managōmaz	*managini	*managammaz
Instrumental	*managinē	*managammiz	*managōnē	*managōmiz	*managinē	*managammiz

Synonyms

*mikilaz

Antonyms

*fawaz

Derived terms

Related terms

*mangiją

Descendants

Old English: maniġ, maneġ, moniġ, mæniġ
- Middle English: mani, mane, magnie, maini, mainie, mange, manie, manige, maniȝ, many, meine, meni, menie, monei, moni, monie, moniȝ, mony, myny
  - Scots: mony, monie
  - English: many
Old Frisian: monech, manich, monich, manch
- North Frisian: manag, manig, mäning
- Saterland Frisian: manich, moonige, moonich
- West Frisian: mannich
Old Saxon: manag, maneg
- Middle Low German: mannich, mennich
  - Low German: männich
    German Low German: männig, mennig, meng
Old Dutch: manag, *menig
- Middle Dutch: meneg, manig, menig
  - Dutch: menig
Old High German: manag, manac
- Middle High German: manec, manic, menic
  - Alemannic German: meng
  - Central Franconian: mannich, männich
  - German: mannig (in compounds), manch
  - Luxembourgish: munch
Old Norse: mangr
- Faroese: mangur
- Norwegian: mang, mange
- Old Swedish: manger
  - Swedish: mången
- Old Danish: manygh
  - Danish: mangen
- Westrobothnian: mang
- ⇒ Old Norse: margr (possibly)
  - → English: marra, marrow (dialectal)
  - Icelandic: margur
  - Faroese: margur
  - Old Danish: margh
  - Old Swedish: margher, marghin
    - Swedish: marg
  - Westrobothnian: marge pl
Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐍃 (manags)

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 352

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