< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/swé

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

This stem (and its substantive pronoun) was originally a reflexive element referring to all persons and numbers (as in Sanskrit and in Balto-Slavic). Its wider use can still be seen in Homer, when ὅς (hós) means "my own" or "your own" (e.g. Odyssey 11.142, 9.28).

Pronoun

*swé

  1. self (reflexive pronoun)

Declension
Andrew Sihler's reconstruction
singular
nominative –
accusative *s-wé ~ *se
genitive *sé-we ~ *sos (adj.)
ablative *sw-ét
dative *sébʰi ~ *sey, *soy
Donald Ringe's reconstruction
singular
nominative –
accusative *swé ~ *se
genitive *séwe ~ *soy
dative *sébʰye ~ *soy
Robert Beekes' reconstruction
singular
nominative –
accusative *swé
genitive *séwe ~ *soy
dative *sebʰyo, *soy
possessive adjective *swós
Michiel de Vaan's reconstruction
singular
nominative –
accusative *s(w)é ~ *se
genitive *sewe
dative *sebʰyo
poss. adj. *swós

Derived terms
  • *swe-
  • *séw-o-s (< genitive *séwe)
    • Hellenic: *héwos
    • Italic: *sowos (see there for further descendants)
  • *swéd-yo-s (< ablative *swéd)
    • Hellenic: *hwédios[1]
      • Ancient Greek: ἴδιος (ídios)
        Argolic Greek: ἵδιος (hídios)
        Doric Greek: ϝίδιος (wídios)
  • *swó-lo-s
  • *swo-yo-s
    • Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Germanic: *sibjō (see there for further descendants)
    • Germanic: *Swihoniz, *Sweoniz
      • Latin: Suiones
    • Germanic: *swēbaz
    • Germanic: *swainaz
    • Germanic: *swa (see there for further descendants)
    • Germanic: *swē (see there for further descendants)
  • Slavic: *svatъ

Descendants
  • Armenian:
  • Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
  • Hellenic: *hwe
  • Indo-Iranian: *swá (see there for further descendants)
  • Italic: *sē, *swē, *se (acc.), *sefei (dat.), *sed (abl.)
    • Old Latin: sed sg, sēd pl (acc.abl.), sibei sg (dat.)
      • Latin: sē sg (acc.abl.), suī sg (gen.), sibi sg (dat.)

Coordinate terms

Further reading

References
  1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page ἴδιος of 577-578
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