Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gordъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gardas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰordʰ-os, from *gʰerdʰ-.

Noun

*gȏrdъ m [1][2][3]

fortification, castle
town, city

Inflection

Declension of *gȏrdъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*gȏrdъ	*gȏrda	*gȏrdi
Accusative	*gȏrdъ	*gȏrda	*gȏrdy
Genitive	*gȏrda	*gordù	*gõrdъ
Locative	*gȏrdě	*gordù	*gordě̃xъ
Dative	*gȏrdu	*gordomà	*gordòmъ
Instrumental	gȏrdъmь, gȏrdomь^*	*gordomà	*gordý
Vocative	*gorde	*gȏrda	*gȏrdi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

Derived terms (39)

*Bělъgordъ
*gordica
*gordina
*gordišče
*gorďanъ / *gorďaninъ
*gorďь / *gorďa (“fence”)
*gordьcь
*gordьnъ
*gordьskъ
*Novъgordъ / *Novogordъ
*Zvьnigordъ (“(fortified) town, city with alarm”)

*gorditi
- *gordežь
- *gordьba
- *Gordislavъ
- *jьzgorda
- *nagorditi
  - *nagorda
    - *nagordъkъ
    - *nagordьnъ
      - *nagordьnja
- *ogorditi
  - *ogorďenьje / *ogordenьje
  - *ogordъ / *ogorda / *ogordь
    - *ogordica / *ogordъka
    - *ogordina
    - *ogordišče
    - *ogorďa / *ogorďь
    - *ogordъkъ / *ogordьcь
    - *ogordьje
    - *ogordьnъ / *ogordьnь
      - *ogordьnica
      - *ogordьnikъ
- *orzgorditi
  - *orzgorda / *orzgordъ / *orzgordь
  - *orzgorďa
- *otъgorditi
  - *otъgorda / *otъgordъ
  - *otъgorďati / *otъgordati

Related terms

*zerdmę
*zordъ
*žьrdь

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: городъ (gorodŭ)
  - Belarusian: го́рад (hórad)
  - Russian: го́род (górod)
  - Rusyn: город (horod)
  - Ukrainian: го́род (hórod)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: градъ (gradŭ)
  
  Glagolitic: ⰳⱃⰰⰴⱏ (gradŭ)
  - → Russian: град (grad)
- Bulgarian: град (grad)
- Macedonian: град (grad)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: гра̑д
  
  Latin: grȃd
  - Molise Croatian: grad
- Slovene: grȃd (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: hrad
- Kashubian: gard
- Polabian: gord
- Polish: gród[4]
- Slovak: hrad
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: grod
  - Upper Sorbian: hród
→ Romanian: gard

References

Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gȏrdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 178: “m. o (c) ‘fortification, town’”
Olander, Thomas (2001), “gordъ gorda”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “d enclosed fortified place (NA 102; SA 22, 70, 146f.; OSA 41, 141; PR 137; MP 20; RPT 105)”
Kapović, Mate (2007), “The Development of Proto-Slavic Quantity”, in Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch‎, University of Vienna, page 6: “*gȏrdъ”
Brückner Aleksander (1927) Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in polish): “Prasłowo; przestawione u nas z *gord”

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[1] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gȏrdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 178: “m. o (c) ‘fortification, town’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001), “gordъ gorda”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “d enclosed fortified place (NA 102; SA 22, 70, 146f.; OSA 41, 141; PR 137; MP 20; RPT 105)”

[3] Kapović, Mate (2007), “The Development of Proto-Slavic Quantity”, in Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch‎, University of Vienna, page 6: “*gȏrdъ”

[4] Brückner Aleksander (1927) Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in polish): “Prasłowo; przestawione u nas z *gord”