Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jaro

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

*ěro n (Derksen 2008)

Alternative forms

*jara f
*jarъ m

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *yōro- or *yēro- (“season, part of year, year, spring, solar cycle, sun motion”), from *i-, *ey- (“to go”).

Cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬁𐬭-‎ (yār-, “year”), Ancient Greek ὥρᾱ (hṓrā, “any defined period of time, season, year”), Proto-Germanic *jērą (“year”), Latin hōrnus (“of this year”) (< *hōjōrō (“in this year”)).

Noun

*jaro n

spring

Declension

Declension of *jaro (hard o-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*jaro	*jarě	*jara
Accusative	*jaro	*jarě	*jara
Genitive	*jara	*jaru	*jarъ
Locative	*jarě	*jaru	*jarěxъ
Dative	*jaru	*jaroma	*jaromъ
Instrumental	jarъmь, jaromь^*	*jaroma	*jary
Vocative	*jaro	*jarě	*jara

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

Derived terms (9)

*jarę
*jarętina
*jarica

*jarina
*jarovъ
*jarъka

*jarъkъ
*jarьcь
*jarьnъ

Related terms

*jarь

Descendants

Church Slavonic: ꙗра (jara) (Russian)

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ꙗра (jara)
  - Belarusian: ярына́ (jaryná), яравы́ (jaravý)
  - Russian: яра́ (jará), я́рый (járyj), ярово́й (jarovój), ярови́к (jarovík), яри́ца (jaríca), яри́на (jarína)
  - Rusyn: ярь (jarʹ)
  - Ukrainian: ярь (jarʹ), я́рий (járyj), ярови́й (jarovýj)

South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: яра́ (jará)
- Macedonian: јара (jara)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: ја̏ра, ја̑р
  
  Latin: jȁra, jȃr
- Slovene: jȃr (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:
- Czech: jaro
- Polish: jar, jaro, jary, jarz
- Slovak: jaro, jar
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: jaro

References

Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “яря”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1981), “*jaro / *jara / *jarъ”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 08, Moscow: Nauka, page 175

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