druid

See also: Druid

English

Etymology

Borrowed from French druide, from Old French, via Latin Druidae, from Gaulish *druwits, from Proto-Celtic *druwits (literally “oak-knower”), from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) and *weyd- (“to see”).

The earliest record of the term in Latin is by Julius Caesar in the first century B.C. in his De Bello Gallico. The native Celtic word for "druid" is first attested in Latin texts as druides (plural) and other texts also employ the form druidae (akin to the Greek form). Cognate with the later insular Celtic words, Old Irish druí (“druid, sorcerer”) and early Welsh dryw (“seer”).

Pronunciation
  • (UK) IPA(key): /ˈdɹuː.ɪd/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -uːɪd

Noun

druid (plural druids)

  1. One of an order of priests among certain groups of Celts before the adoption of Abrahamic religions.

Usage notes
  • Often capitalized: Druid.

Derived terms

Translations

Irish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /d̪ˠɾˠɪdʲ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish truit f (“starling”), from Proto-Celtic *trozdi-, from Proto-Indo-European *trozdo- (“thrush”); compare Latin turdus, German Drossel, and English thrush.

Noun

druid f (genitive singular druide, nominative plural druideanna)

  1. starling
Declension
Declension of druid

Second declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative druid druideanna
Vocative a dhruid a dhruideanna
Genitive druide druideanna
Dative druid druideanna

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an druid na druideanna
Genitive na druide na ndruideanna
Dative leis an druid

don druid

 leis na druideanna
Alternative forms
  • druideog f

Etymology 2

From Old Irish druitid (“shuts, closes; moves close (to), presses (against); approaches; moves away from, abandons”), possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).

Verb

druid (present analytic druideann, future analytic druidfidh, verbal noun druidim, past participle druidte)

  1. (Ulster) close, shut
  2. move relative to something
    1. (with le) move close to, draw near, approach
    2. (with ar) close upon
    3. (with ó) move away from
Conjugation
First Conjugation (A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present druidim druideann tú;
druidir†		 druideann sé, sí druidimid druideann sibh druideann siad;
druidid†		 a dhruideann; a dhruideas /
a ndruideann*; a ndruideas*		 druidtear
past dhruid mé; dhruideas dhruid tú; dhruidis dhruid sé, sí dhruideamar; dhruid muid dhruid sibh; dhruideabhair dhruid siad; dhruideadar a dhruid /
ar dhruid*		 druideadh
past habitual dhruidinn dhruidteá dhruideadh sé, sí dhruidimis; dhruideadh muid dhruideadh sibh dhruididís; dhruideadh siad a dhruideadh /
ar dhruideadh*		 dhruidtí
future druidfidh mé;
druidfead		 druidfidh tú;
druidfir†		 druidfidh sé, sí druidfimid;
druidfidh muid		 druidfidh sibh druidfidh siad;
druidfid†		 a dhruidfidh; a dhruidfeas /
a ndruidfidh*; a ndruidfeas*		 druidfear
conditional dhruidfinn / ndruidfinn‡‡ dhruidfeá / ndruidfeᇇ dhruidfeadh sé, sí / ndruidfeadh sé, s퇇 dhruidfimis; dhruidfeadh muid / ndruidfimis‡‡; ndruidfeadh muid‡‡ dhruidfeadh sibh / ndruidfeadh sibh‡‡ dhruidfidís; dhruidfeadh siad / ndruidfidís‡‡; ndruidfeadh siad‡‡ a dhruidfeadh /
ar dhruidfeadh*		 dhruidfí / ndruidf퇇
subjunctive present go ndruide mé;
go ndruidead†		 go ndruide tú;
go ndruidir†		 go ndruide sé, sí go ndruidimid;
go ndruide muid		 go ndruide sibh go ndruide siad;
go ndruidid†		 — go ndruidtear
past dá ndruidinn dá ndruidteá dá ndruideadh sé, sí dá ndruidimis;
dá ndruideadh muid		 dá ndruideadh sibh dá ndruididís;
dá ndruideadh siad		 — dá ndruidtí
imperative druidim druid druideadh sé, sí druidimis druidigí;
druididh†		 druididís — druidtear
verbal noun druidim
past participle druidte

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Noun

druid m

  1. genitive singular of drud

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
druid dhruid ndruid
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • "druid" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
  • “truit” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
  • “druitid” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.

Polish

Etymology

From Gaulish *druwits, from Proto-Celtic *druwits (literally “oak-knower”), from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) and *weyd- (“to see”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈdru.it/
  • audio(file)

Noun

druid m pers (feminine druidka)

  1. druid

Declension
declension of druid
singular plural
nominative druid druidzi
genitive druida druidów
dative druidowi druidom
accusative druida druidów
instrumental druidem druidami
locative druidzie druidach
vocative druidzie druidzi

Further reading
  • druid in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology 1

From Old Irish truit f (“starling”), from Proto-Celtic *trozdi-, from Proto-Indo-European *trozdo- (“thrush”).

Noun

druid f (genitive singular druide, plural druidean)

  1. starling

Etymology 2

From Old Irish druitid (“shuts, closes; moves close (to), presses (against); approaches; moves away from, abandons”), possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).

Verb

druid (past dhruid, future druididh, verbal noun druideadh, past participle druidte)

  1. shut closely
  2. cover
  3. enclose, surround
  4. advance, come up
  5. join
  6. hasten
  7. step toward
  8. approach, draw near
Alternative forms
  • truid

Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation
RadicalLenition
druiddhruid
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • Faclair Gàidhlig Dwelly Air Loidhne, Dwelly, Edward (1911), Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan/The Illustrated [Scottish] Gaelic-English Dictionary (10th ed.), Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • “truit” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
  • “druitid” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
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