enjoindre
French
Etymology
First attested circa 1191 in Old French as anjoindre, from Latin injungere, iniungere, present active infinitive of iniungo, altered after joindre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃dʁ/
audio (file)
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like peindre. It uses the same endings as rendre or vendre, but its -nd- becomes -gn- before a vowel, and its past participle ends in ‘t’ instead of a vowel.
Conjugation of enjoindre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | enjoignant /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | enjoint /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | enjoindre | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | enjoignant /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | enjoins /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃/ |
enjoins /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃/ |
enjoint /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃/ |
enjoignons /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɔ̃/ |
enjoignez /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲe/ |
enjoignent /ɑ̃.ʒwaɲ/ |
| imperfect | enjoignais /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɛ/ |
enjoignais /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɛ/ |
enjoignait /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɛ/ |
enjoignions /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲjɔ̃/ |
enjoigniez /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲje/ |
enjoignaient /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | enjoignis /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi/ |
enjoignis /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi/ |
enjoignit /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi/ |
enjoignîmes /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲim/ |
enjoignîtes /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲit/ |
enjoignirent /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲiʁ/ | |
| future | enjoindrai /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁe/ |
enjoindras /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁa/ |
enjoindra /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁa/ |
enjoindrons /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
enjoindrez /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁe/ |
enjoindront /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | enjoindrais /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
enjoindrais /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
enjoindrait /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
enjoindrions /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
enjoindriez /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁi.je/ |
enjoindraient /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | enjoigne /ɑ̃.ʒwaɲ/ |
enjoignes /ɑ̃.ʒwaɲ/ |
enjoigne /ɑ̃.ʒwaɲ/ |
enjoignions /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲjɔ̃/ |
enjoigniez /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲje/ |
enjoignent /ɑ̃.ʒwaɲ/ |
| imperfect2 | enjoignisse /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲis/ |
enjoignisses /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲis/ |
enjoignît /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi/ |
enjoignissions /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ |
enjoignissiez /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi.sje/ |
enjoignissent /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | enjoins /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃/ |
— | enjoignons /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɔ̃/ |
enjoignez /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
Further reading
- “enjoindre” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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