fouler
English
Pronunciation
Noun
fouler (plural foulers)
- One who fouls.
- 2015, Saleem Mustafa, Rossita Shapawi, Aquaculture Ecosystems: Adaptability and Sustainability (page 119)
- For example, several species of hydroids and bryozoans are important foulers of salmon cages in Australia (Hodson et al., 2000) and Norway (Guenther et al., 2010).
- 2015, Saleem Mustafa, Rossita Shapawi, Aquaculture Ecosystems: Adaptability and Sustainability (page 119)
French
Etymology
From Middle French fouller (“to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat”), from Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”), from Latin fullō (“I trample, I full”). More at full.
Pronunciation
Verb
fouler
- (transitive) to stamp, impress, dent; to mill
- (transitive) to walk on, trample
- (transitive) to oppress, mistreat
- (transitive) to injure by knocking, bumping or dinting
- (reflexive) to sprain
- Je me suis foulé la cheville en jouant au rugby
- I sprained my ankle playing rugby.
- (takes a reflexive pronoun, chiefly in the negative, colloquial) to wear oneself out, to overdo it
Conjugation
Conjugation of fouler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | foulant /fu.lɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | foulé /fu.le/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | fouler | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | foulant /fu.lɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | foule /ful/ |
foules /ful/ |
foule /ful/ |
foulons /fu.lɔ̃/ |
foulez /fu.le/ |
foulent /ful/ |
| imperfect | foulais /fu.lɛ/ |
foulais /fu.lɛ/ |
foulait /fu.lɛ/ |
foulions /fu.ljɔ̃/ |
fouliez /fu.lje/ |
foulaient /fu.lɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | foulai /fu.le/ |
foulas /fu.la/ |
foula /fu.la/ |
foulâmes /fu.lam/ |
foulâtes /fu.lat/ |
foulèrent /fu.lɛʁ/ | |
| future | foulerai /ful.ʁe/ |
fouleras /ful.ʁa/ |
foulera /ful.ʁa/ |
foulerons /ful.ʁɔ̃/ |
foulerez /ful.ʁe/ |
fouleront /ful.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | foulerais /ful.ʁɛ/ |
foulerais /ful.ʁɛ/ |
foulerait /ful.ʁɛ/ |
foulerions /fu.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
fouleriez /fu.lə.ʁje/ |
fouleraient /ful.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | foule /ful/ |
foules /ful/ |
foule /ful/ |
foulions /fu.ljɔ̃/ |
fouliez /fu.lje/ |
foulent /ful/ |
| imperfect2 | foulasse /fu.las/ |
foulasses /fu.las/ |
foulât /fu.la/ |
foulassions /fu.la.sjɔ̃/ |
foulassiez /fu.la.sje/ |
foulassent /fu.las/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | foule /ful/ |
— | foulons /fu.lɔ̃/ |
foulez /fu.le/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “fouler” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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