saillir
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sa.jiʁ/
Etymology 1
From Middle French saillir, from Old French saillir, salir, from Latin salīre, present active infinitive of saliō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sl̥i-.
Conjugation
This verb is part of a small group of verbs in -ir that conjugate in the indicative imperfect and present, the subjunctive present, and the present participle, as if they ended in -er. They are sometimes written with an ‘e’ in the future and imperfect, like cueillir and other verbs in -llir. This verb is conjugated only in the third person.
Conjugation of saillir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | saillant /sa.jɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | sailli /sa.ji/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | saillir | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | saillant /sa.jɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | — | — | saille /saj/ |
— | — | saillent /saj/ |
| imperfect | — | — | saillait /sa.jɛ/ |
— | — | saillaient /sa.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | — | — | saillit /sa.ji/ |
— | — | saillirent /sa.jiʁ/ | |
| future | — | — | saillira or saillera /sa.ji.ʁa/ or /saj.ʁa/ |
— | — | sailliront or sailleront /sa.ji.ʁɔ̃/ or /saj.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | — | — | saillirait or saillerait /sa.ji.ʁɛ/ or /saj.ʁɛ/ |
— | — | sailliraient or sailleraient /sa.ji.ʁɛ/ or /saj.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | — | — | saille /saj/ |
— | — | saillent /saj/ |
| imperfect2 | — | — | saillît /sa.ji/ |
— | — | saillissent /sa.jis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of saillir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | saillissant /sa.ji.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | sailli /sa.ji/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | saillir | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | saillissant /sa.ji.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | saillis /sa.ji/ |
saillis /sa.ji/ |
saillit /sa.ji/ |
saillissons /sa.ji.sɔ̃/ |
saillissez /sa.ji.se/ |
saillissent /sa.jis/ |
| imperfect | saillissais /sa.ji.sɛ/ |
saillissais /sa.ji.sɛ/ |
saillissait /sa.ji.sɛ/ |
saillissions /sa.ji.sjɔ̃/ |
saillissiez /sa.ji.sje/ |
saillissaient /sa.ji.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | saillis /sa.ji/ |
saillis /sa.ji/ |
saillit /sa.ji/ |
saillîmes /sa.jim/ |
saillîtes /sa.jit/ |
saillirent /sa.jiʁ/ | |
| future | saillirai /sa.ji.ʁe/ |
sailliras /sa.ji.ʁa/ |
saillira /sa.ji.ʁa/ |
saillirons /sa.ji.ʁɔ̃/ |
saillirez /sa.ji.ʁe/ |
sailliront /sa.ji.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | saillirais /sa.ji.ʁɛ/ |
saillirais /sa.ji.ʁɛ/ |
saillirait /sa.ji.ʁɛ/ |
saillirions /sa.ji.ʁjɔ̃/ |
sailliriez /sa.ji.ʁje/ |
sailliraient /sa.ji.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | saillisse /sa.jis/ |
saillisses /sa.jis/ |
saillisse /sa.jis/ |
saillissions /sa.ji.sjɔ̃/ |
saillissiez /sa.ji.sje/ |
saillissent /sa.jis/ |
| imperfect2 | saillisse /sa.jis/ |
saillisses /sa.jis/ |
saillît /sa.ji/ |
saillissions /sa.ji.sjɔ̃/ |
saillissiez /sa.ji.sje/ |
saillissent /sa.jis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | saillis /sa.ji/ |
— | saillissons /sa.ji.sɔ̃/ |
saillissez /sa.ji.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “saillir” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French salir, from Latin salīre, present active infinitive of saliō.
Verb
saillir
Derived terms
Old French
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of saillir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | saillir | avoir sali, sailli | |||||
| gerund | en salant, saillant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | salant, saillant | ||||||
| past participle | sali, sailli | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | sail | saus | saut | salons, saillons | salez, sailliez | salent, saillent |
| imperfect | saloie, saleie, sailloie, sailleie | saloies, saleies, sailloies, sailleies | saloit, saleit, sailloit, sailleit | saliiens, saliens, sailliiens, sailliens | saliiez, saliez, sailliiez, sailliez | saloient, saleient, sailloient, sailleient | |
| preterite | sali, sailli | salis, saillis | sali, sailli | salimes, saillimes | salistes, saillistes | salirent, saillirent | |
| future | saudrai | saudras | saudra | saudrons | saudroiz, saudreiz, saudrez | saudront | |
| conditional | saudroie, saudreie | saudroies, saudreies | saudroit, saudreit | saudriiens, saudriens | saudriiez, saudriez | saudroient, saudreient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | saille | sailles | saille | sailliens, saillons | sailliez | saillent |
| imperfect | saillise | saillises | saillit | saillisons, saillisiens | saillisoiz, saillisez, saillisiez | saillisent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | sail | — | salons, saillons | salez, sailliez | — | ||
Derived terms
Descendants
- French: saillir
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