sanguine
English
WOTD – 30 March 2006
Etymology
From Middle English sanguine, borrowed from Old French sanguin, ultimately from Latin sanguineus (“of blood”), from sanguis (“blood”), of uncertain origin, perhaps Proto-Indo-European *h₁sh₂-én-, from *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”). Doublet of sanguineous.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsæŋ.ɡwɪn/
Audio (US) (file)
Adjective
sanguine (comparative more sanguine, superlative most sanguine)
- Having the colour of blood; blood red. [from late 14th c.]
- (obsolete, physiology) Having a bodily constitution characterised by a preponderance of blood over the other bodily humours, thought to be marked by irresponsible mirth; indulgent in pleasure to the exclusion of important matters.
- 1592, William Shakespeare, Titus Andronicus iv 2
- What, what, ye sanguine, shallow-hearted boys!
- 1597, William Shakespeare, 1 Hen IV ii 4
- I'll be no longer guilty of this sin; this sanguine coward, this
- bed-presser, this horse-back-breaker, this huge hill of flesh.
- 1592, William Shakespeare, Titus Andronicus iv 2
- Characterized by abundance and active circulation of blood.
- a sanguine bodily temperament
- Warm; ardent.
- a sanguine temper
- Anticipating the best; optimistic; confident; full of hope. [from early 16th c.]
- Antonym: despondent
- 1815, Jane Austen, Emma, volume I, chapter 18:
- Mrs. Weston was exceedingly disappointed—much more disappointed, in fact, than her husband, though her dependence on seeing the young man had been so much more sober: but a sanguine temper, though for ever expecting more good than occurs, does not always pay for its hopes by any proportionate depression. It soon flies over the present failure, and begins to hope again.
- 1857, Anthony Trollope, Barchester Towers, Volume the Second, page 79 →ISBN
- It was clear that Dr. Gwynne was not very sanguine as to the effects of his journey to Barchester, and not over anxious to interfere with the bishop.
- I'm sanguine about the eventual success of the project.
- Full of blood; bloody.
- Bloodthirsty.
Usage notes
Not to be confused with sanguinary.
Synonyms
Antonyms
- (optimistic): blue, gloomy, pessimistic
Derived terms
Translations
having the colour of blood; red
having a bodily constitution characterised by a preponderance of blood over the other bodily humours
characterized by abundance and active circulation of blood
warm; ardent
anticipating the best
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Noun
sanguine (plural sanguines)
Translations
blood red colour
anything of a blood-red colour
Verb
sanguine (third-person singular simple present sanguines, present participle sanguining, simple past and past participle sanguined)
- To stain with blood; to impart the colour of blood to; to ensanguine.
Related terms
See also
- (reds) red; blood red, brick red, burgundy, cardinal, carmine, carnation, cerise, cherry, cherry red, Chinese red, cinnabar, claret, crimson, damask, fire brick, fire engine red, flame, flamingo, fuchsia, garnet, geranium, gules, hot pink, incarnadine, Indian red, magenta, maroon, misty rose, nacarat, oxblood, pillar-box red, pink, Pompeian red, poppy, raspberry, red violet, rose, rouge, ruby, ruddy, salmon, sanguine, scarlet, shocking pink, stammel, strawberry, Turkey red, Venetian red, vermillion, vinaceous, vinous, violet red, wine (Category: en:Reds)
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sɑ̃.ɡin/
Audio (file)
Noun
sanguine f (plural sanguines)
Further reading
- “sanguine” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Interlingua
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsaŋ.ɡwi.ne/
Latin
Middle English
Etymology
From Old French sanguin (and feminine sanguine), from Latin sanguineus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sanˈɡiːn/, /sanˈɡwiːn/, /ˈsanɡin/, /ˈsanɡwin/
Adjective
sanguine
Related terms
Descendants
- English: sanguine
References
- “sanguin(e (adj.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-12-10.
Noun
sanguine (plural sanguynes)
- A bloody red colour; sanguine or blood red.
- A kind of fabric that is sanguine-coloured or the colour of blood.
- Blood as one of the four cardinal humours believed to influence health and mood.
- (rare) A swollen region or edema attributed to an excess of blood.
- (rare) A person primarily under the influence of blood as a cardinal humour.
Descendants
- English: sanguine
References
- “sanguin(e (n.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-12-10.
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