Osteochondromyxoma

Osteochondromyxoma
Other names: Carney bone tumor (not recommended)[1]
SpecialtyOrthopedics
SymptomsPainless lump in a child <2-years[2]
Risk factorsCarney complex[1]
Diagnostic methodMRI[1]
Differential diagnosischondromyxoid fibroma, myxoma, mesenchymal hamartoma, chondrosarcoma with myxoid change, fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma.[2]
TreatmentSurgical excision[1]
PrognosisGood[1]
FrequencyRare, age <2 years[3]

Osteochondromyxoma is a type of non-cancerous bone tumor of the cartilaginous type, which typically presents with a painless lump in a child under the age of 2-years.[2][4] Sometimes there are no symptoms and the tumor is found when investigating another problem or as part of the tests when suspecting the genetic condition Carney complex.[2]

Diagnosis involves MRI.[1] Differential diagnoses include chondromyxoid fibroma and myxoma.[2]

Treatment requires surgical excision, but if not completely removed then recurrence is common.[1]

Osteochondromyxomas are rare and account for around 1% of all people with Carney complex.[3]

Signs and symptoms

It typically presents with a painless lump in a child under the age of 2-years.[2] It may be detected on routine imaging in people with Carney complex.[1] The lump may be associated with soft tissue swelling and pressure effects on nearby structures.[2]

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves medical imaging, with MRI being more precise.[1] It appears as a well-defined expansile mass of bone with varying degrees of lucency.[2]

Differential diagnosis

Similar clinical features and findings can occur with chondromyxoid fibroma, myxoma, mesenchymal hamartoma, chondrosarcoma with myxoid change, and fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma.[2]

Treatment and Outcomes

Surgical excision generally results in a cure. Recurrence is common if the whole tumor is not cut out completely. It does not spread.[1]

Epidemiology

Osteochondromyxomas are rare and account for around 1% of all people with Carney complex, a syndrome that predisposes to cancer.[3] It can occur in adults.[1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Osteochondromyxoma". Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2020. pp. 365–367. ISBN 978-92-832-4502-5. Archived from the original on 2021-06-13. Retrieved 2021-07-06.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Golden, Todd; Siordia, Juan A. (12 July 2016). "Osteochondromyxoma: Review of a rare carney complex criterion". Journal of Bone Oncology. 5 (4): 194–197. doi:10.1016/j.jbo.2016.07.002. ISSN 2212-1366. PMID 28008382. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  3. 1 2 3 Ahlawat, Shivani; Fayad, Laura M. (10 August 2020). "Revisiting the WHO classification system of bone tumours: emphasis on advanced magnetic resonance imaging sequences. Part 2". Polish Journal of Radiology. 85: e409–e419. doi:10.5114/pjr.2020.98686. ISSN 1733-134X. PMID 32999694. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
  4. ↑ Bocklage, Therese J.; Quinn, Robert; Verschraegen, Claire; Schmit, Berndt (2014). "16. Cartilaginous tumours of bones and joints". Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors: A Multidisciplinary Review with Case Presentations. London: JP Medical Ltd. p. 379. ISBN 978-1-907816-22-2. Archived from the original on 2021-07-09. Retrieved 2021-07-06.
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