101 (number)

101 (one hundred [and] one) is the natural number following 100 and preceding 102.

100 101 102
Cardinalone hundred [and] one
Ordinal101st
(one hundred [and] first)
Factorizationprime
Prime26th
Divisors1, 101
Greek numeralΡΑ´
Roman numeralCI
Binary11001012
Ternary102023
Senary2456
Octal1458
Duodecimal8512
Hexadecimal6516

It is variously pronounced "one hundred and one" / "a hundred and one", "one hundred one" / "a hundred one", and "one oh one". As an ordinal number, 101st (one hundred [and] first), rather than 101th, is the correct form.

In mathematics

101 as the sum of three distinct nonzero squares

101 is:

  • the 26th prime number and the smallest above 100.
  • a palindromic number in decimal, and so a palindromic prime.
  • a Chen prime since 103 is also prime, with which it makes a twin prime pair.
  • a sexy prime since 107 and 113 are also prime, with which it makes a sexy prime triplet.
  • a unique prime because the period length of its reciprocal is unique among primes.
  • an Eisenstein prime with no imaginary part and real part of the form .
  • the fifth alternating factorial.[1]
  • a centered decagonal number.[2]
  • the only existing prime with alternating 1s and 0s in decimal and the largest known prime of the form .[3]
  • the number of compositions of 12 into distinct parts.[4]
  • the smallest number that can be expressed as the sum of three distinct nonzero squares in more than two ways: , or (see image).[5][6]

Given 101, the Mertens function returns 0.[7] It is the second prime to have this property after 2.[8]

For a 3-digit number in decimal, this number has a relatively simple divisibility test. The candidate number is split into groups of four, starting with the rightmost four, and added up to produce a 4-digit number. If this 4-digit number is of the form (where a and b are integers from 0 to 9), such as 3232 or 9797, or of the form , such as 707 and 808, then the number is divisible by 101.[9]

On the seven-segment display of a calculator, 101 is both a strobogrammatic prime and a dihedral prime.[10]

In science

Messier 101, A Pinwheel galaxy.
  • In mineralogy, a Miller index of 101 is a crystal face that crosses the horizontal axis (a) and 3D vertical axis (c) but does not cross the 2D vertical axis (b).
  • In physics and chemistry, it is the atomic number of mendelevium, an actinide.
  • In astronomy it is the Messier designation given to the Pinwheel Galaxy in Ursa Major.

In books

According to Books in Print, more books are now published with a title that begins with '101' than '100'. They usually describe or discuss a list of items, such as 101 Ways to... or 101 Questions and Answers About... . This marketing tool is used to imply that the customer is given a little extra information beyond books that include only 100 items. Some books have taken this marketing scheme even further with titles that begin with '102', '103', or '1001'. The number is used in this context as a slang term when referring to "a 101 document" what is usually referred to as a statistical survey or overview of some topic.

Room 101 is a torture chamber in the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell.

In education

In American university course numbering systems, the number 101 is often used for an introductory course at a beginner's level in a department's subject area.[11][12][13] This common numbering system was designed to make transfer between colleges easier. It can also indicate a course for students not intending to major in the subject; e.g. a student intending to major in English would take English 111 not English 101.

In theory, any numbered course in one academic institution should bring a student to the same standard as a similarly numbered course at other institutions.[12] One of earliest such usages, perhaps the first, was by the University of Buffalo in 1929.[12][13]

Based on this usage, the term "101" (pronounced ONE-oh-ONE) has gained a slang sense referring to basic knowledge of a topic or a collection of introductory materials to a topic, as in the sentence, "Boiling potatoes is Cooking 101".[13] The Oxford English Dictionary records the usage of "101" in this slang sense from 1986.[13]

In other fields

In public life:

In construction and technics:

Proper names:

In entertainment:

  • 101, a Depeche Mode album
  • 101 Dalmatians, a 1956 children's novel by Dodie Smith
  • 101 Reykjavík, a 2000 Icelandic film directed by Baltasar Kormákur, 101 being a postcode of Reykjavik
  • The apartment number of Neo in The Matrix
  • Vault 101 is the starting area of the 2008 action role-playing game Fallout 3
  • The Wonderful 101, an action-adventure game for the Wii U
  • Produce 101, a Korean reality girl group survival show
  • TV show Zoey 101
  • The house number of Samson en Gert in the eponymous Belgian kids' television show.

Others:

  • 101 is the identifying number of several infantry units in various militaries across the world, such as the American and Israeli paratrooper brigades.
  • 101 was the tail number of a Polish Air Force Tu-154, which crashed on 10 April 2010 whilst on its final approach to Smolensk North Airport killing all aboard including president Lech Kaczyński and his wife. See 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash.

References

  • Wells, D. The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers London: Penguin Group. (1987): page 133. ISBN 978-0-14-008029-2
  1. "Sloane's A005165 : Alternating factorials". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  2. "Sloane's A062786 : Centered 10-gonal numbers". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  3. Prime Curios! 101
  4. Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A032020 (Number of compositions (ordered partitions) of n into distinct parts)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
  5. Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A025349 (Numbers that are the sum of 3 distinct nonzero squares in 3 or more ways.)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
  6. Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A025341 (Numbers that are the sum of 3 distinct nonzero squares in exactly 3 ways.)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
  7. "Sloane's A028442 : Numbers n such that Mertens' function is zero". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  8. "Sloane's A100669 : Zeros of the Mertens function that are also prime". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
  9. Renault, Marc (November 2006), "Stupid Divisibility Tricks 101 Ways to Stupefy Your Friends", Math Horizons, 14 (2): 18–21, 42, doi:10.1080/10724117.2006.11974676, JSTOR 25678653, S2CID 125269086
  10. "Sloane's A134996 : Dihedral calculator primes: p, p upside down, p in a mirror, p upside-down-and-in-a-mirror are all primes". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  11. Kovalchik, Kara (20 November 2013). "Why Are Introductory Classes Called '101'?". mentalfloss.com. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  12. Forest, J.J.F. (2002) Higher education in the United States: an encyclopedia p.73. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-57607-248-7. Retrieved October 2011
  13. Engber, Daniel (6 September 2006). "101 101". Slate Magazine. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  14. "Report a crime or antisocial behaviour – GOV.UK". direct.gov.uk. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  15. Welcome to 101, Home Office, retrieved 5 April 2009
  16. Kozierok, Charles (28 June 2018). "101-Key "Enhanced" Keyboard Layout". The PC Guide. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
  17. "iCar flying vehicle". designboom.com. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  18. "iCar 101 – The ultimate roadable aircraft". Retrieved 6 August 2010.
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