2016 Iowa Republican presidential caucuses

The 2016 Iowa Republican presidential caucuses took place on February 1 in the U.S. state of Iowa, traditionally marking the Republican Party's first nominating contest in their series of presidential primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election.

2016 Iowa Republican presidential caucuses

February 1, 2016 (2016-02-01)

30 pledged delegates to the Republican National Convention
 
Candidate Ted Cruz Donald Trump Marco Rubio
Home state Texas New York Florida
Delegate count 8 7 7
Popular vote 51,666 45,429 43,228
Percentage 27.6% 24.3% 23.1%

 
Candidate Ben Carson Rand Paul Jeb Bush
Home state Virginia Kentucky Florida
Delegate count 3 1 1
Popular vote 17,394 8,481 5,238
Percentage 9.3% 4.5% 2.8%

 
Candidate Carly Fiorina John Kasich Mike Huckabee
Home state Virginia Ohio Arkansas
Delegate count 1 1 1
Popular vote 3,485 3,474 3,345
Percentage 1.9% 1.9% 1.8%

Iowa results by county.
  Ted Cruz
  Donald Trump
  Marco Rubio
  Tie

The Democratic Party held its own Iowa caucuses on the same day.

Ted Cruz was able to defeat Donald Trump in the Iowa Caucus by winning over Evangelical caucus-goers;[1] Cruz won 51,666 caucus votes or 27.6%, giving him a net gain of one delegate over Trump. Cruz visited all 99 counties of Iowa and held small events.[2] Cruz outperformed his polling average, which predicted a narrow Trump victory in the caucus.

Following poor performances in the caucuses, Rand Paul,[3] Mike Huckabee[4] and Rick Santorum[5] suspended their campaigns.

Procedure

According to the Republican Party of Iowa's bylaws, if more than one candidate is nominated at the Republican National Convention, all of Iowa's delegates are bound to vote "proportionally in accordance with the outcome of the Iowa Caucuses" on the first ballot, even if the candidate has withdrawn from the race.[6] The ballot is a blank piece of paper, and the candidates that voters may vote for in the non-binding preference poll included the following:

Forums and debates

November 20, 2015 – Des Moines, Iowa The Presidential Family Forum was held in the Community Choice Credit Union Convention Center in Des Moines, Iowa. Ben Carson, Ted Cruz, Carly Fiorina, Mike Huckabee, Rand Paul, Marco Rubio, and Rick Santorum attended the forum hosted by evangelical Christian advocacy group The Family Leader. It was hosted by politician and political activist Bob Vander Plaats and moderated by political consultant and pollster Frank Luntz.[7] Protesters interrupted the beginning of the event and were removed by police.[8]

January 28, 2016 – Des Moines, Iowa The seventh debate was the second debate to air on Fox News. As in Fox's first debate, the moderators were Bret Baier, Megyn Kelly, and Chris Wallace.[9] This was the last debate before actual voting began with the Iowa caucuses on February 1, 2016.[10][11] Due to personality conflicts with Fox News, Donald Trump opted out of the debate.[12]

Endorsements

Jeb Bush
State legislators
Carly Fiorina
State legislators
Donald Trump
State legislators

Source:[17]

Polling

Aggregate polls

Source of poll

aggregation

Dates

administered

Dates

updated

Marco Rubio
Republican
Donald Trump
Republican
Ted Cruz
Republican
Margin
RealClearPolitics until February 1, 2016 February 1, 2016 16.9% 28.6% 23.9% Trump +4.7
FiveThirtyEight until February 1, 2016 February 1, 2016 18.1% 25.6% 24.3% Trump +1.3
Poll source Date 1st 2nd 3rd Other
Caucus results February 1, 2016 Ted Cruz
27.64%
Donald Trump
24.30%
Marco Rubio
23.12%
Ben Carson 9.30%, Rand Paul 4.54%, Jeb Bush 2.80%, Carly Fiorina 1.86%, John Kasich 1.86%, Mike Huckabee 1.79%, Chris Christie 1.76%, Rick Santorum 0.95%, Jim Gilmore 0.01%, Other 0.06%
Emerson College[18]

Margin of error: ± 5.6%
Sample size: 298

January 29–31, 2016 Donald Trump
27.3%
Ted Cruz
25.6%
Marco Rubio
21.6%
Mike Huckabee 4.7%, Jeb Bush 3.8%, John Kasich 3.8%, Rand Paul 3.4%, Ben Carson 3.4%, Chris Christie 3.2%, Carly Fiorina 1.7%, Rick Santorum 0.5%, Undecided 1%
Quinnipiac University[19]

Margin of error: ± 3.3% Sample size: 890

January 25–31, 2016 Donald Trump
31%
Ted Cruz
24%
Marco Rubio
17%
Ben Carson 8%, Jeb Bush 4%, Rand Paul 4%, Mike Huckabee 3%, Carly Fiorina 2%, John Kasich 2%, Chris Christie 1%, Rick Santorum 1%, Jim Gilmore 0%, Not decided 3%
Opinion Savvy[20]

Margin of error: ± 3.2%
Sample size: 887

January 29–30, 2016 Donald Trump
20.1%
Ted Cruz
19.4%
Marco Rubio
18.6%
Ben Carson 9.0%, Rand Paul 8.6%, Jeb Bush 4.9%, Mike Huckabee 4.4%, John Kasich 4.0%, Carly Fiorina 3.8%, Chris Christie 3.0%, Rick Santorum 2.1%, Undecided 2.2%
Des Moines Register/
Bloomberg/Selzer[21]

Margin of error: ± 3.5% Sample size: 602

January 26–29, 2016 Donald Trump
28%
Ted Cruz
23%
Marco Rubio
15%
Ben Carson 10%, Rand Paul 5%, Chris Christie 3%, Jeb Bush 2%, Mike Huckabee 2%, Carly Fiorina 2%, John Kasich 2%, Rick Santorum 2%, Jim Gimore 0%, Undecided 2%, Uncommitted 3%
Public Policy Polling[22]

Margin of error: ± 3.5% Sample size: 780

January 26–27, 2016 Donald Trump
31%
Ted Cruz
23%
Marco Rubio
14%
Ben Carson 9%, Jeb Bush 4%, Mike Huckabee 4%, Rand Paul 4%, Carly Fiorina 3%, John Kasich 2%, Chris Christie 2%, Rick Santorum 1%, Jim Gimore 1%, Undecided 2%
NBC/WSJ/Marist[23]

Margin of error: ± 4.8% Sample size: 415

January 24–26, 2016 Donald Trump
32%
Ted Cruz
25%
Marco Rubio
18%
Ben Carson 8%, Jeb Bush 4%, Carly Fiorina 2%, John Kasich 2%, Rand Paul 2%, Chris Christie 2%, Mike Huckabee 2%, Other 0%, Undecided 3%
Monmouth University[24]

Margin of error: ± 4.4%
Sample size: 500

January 23–26, 2016 Donald Trump
30%
Ted Cruz
23%
Marco Rubio
16%
Ben Carson 10%, Jeb Bush 4%, Rand Paul 3%, John Kasich 3%, Mike Huckabee 3%, Chris Christie 2%, Carly Fiorina 2%, Rick Santorum 1%, Jim Gilmore 0%, Other 0%, Undecided 3%
ARG[25]

Margin of error: ± 5.0%
Sample size: 400

January 21–24, 2016 Donald Trump
33%
Ted Cruz
26%
Marco Rubio
11%
Ben Carson 7%, Chris Christie 4%, Rand Paul 4%, Jeb Bush 3%, John Kasich 3%, Mike Huckabee 2%, Rick Santorum 1%, Carly Fiorina 1%, Jim Gilmore 0%, Other 1%, Undecided 5%
Quinnipiac University[26]

Margin of error: ± 3.8% Sample size: 651

January 18–24, 2016 Donald Trump
31%
Ted Cruz
29%
Marco Rubio
13%
Ben Carson 7%, Rand Paul 5%, Jeb Bush 4%, Chris Christie 3%, Mike Huckabee 2%, Carly Fiorina 1%, John Kasich 1%, Jim Gilmore 0%, Rick Santorum 0%, Not decided 2%
ISU/WHO-HD[27]

Margin of error: ± ?%
Sample size: 283

January 5–22, 2016 Ted Cruz
25.8%
Donald Trump
18.9%
Ben Carson
13.4%
Marco Rubio 12.3%, Rand Paul 6.9%, Jeb Bush 3.8%, Mike Huckabee 3.7%, Carly Fiorina 1.1%, Rick Santorum <1%, Chris Christie <1%, John Kasich <1%
Fox News[28]

Margin of error: ± 5.0%
Sample size: 378

January 18–21, 2016 Donald Trump
34%
Ted Cruz
23%
Marco Rubio
12%
Ben Carson 7%, Rand Paul 6%, Chris Christie 4%, Jeb Bush 4%, John Kasich 2%, Mike Huckabee 2%, Rick Santorum 2%, Carly Fiorina 1%, Other 1%, Don't Know 2%
CBS/YouGov[29]

Margin of error: ± 5.9%
Sample size: 492

January 18–21, 2016 Donald Trump
39%
Ted Cruz
34%
Marco Rubio
13%
Ben Carson 5%, Rand Paul 3%, Chris Christie 2%, Jeb Bush 1%, John Kasich 1%, Carly Fiorina 1%, Mike Huckabee 0%, Jim Gilmore 0%, No Preference 0%
Emerson College[30]

Margin of error: ± 5.9%
Sample size: 271

January 18–20, 2016 Donald Trump
33.1%
Ted Cruz
22.8%
Marco Rubio
14.2%
Ben Carson 9.1%, Chris Christie 5.4%, Jeb Bush 5.1%, John Kasich 2.9%, Rand Paul 2.7%, Carly Fiorina 2.1%, Mike Huckabee 1.7%, Undecided 1%
CNN/ORC[31]

Margin of error: ± 6.0%
Sample size: 266

January 15–20, 2016 Donald Trump
37%
Ted Cruz
26%
Marco Rubio
14%
Ben Carson 6%, Jeb Bush 3%, Mike Huckabee 3%, Rand Paul 2%, Carly Fiorina 1%, Rick Santorum 1%, Chris Christie 1%, John Kasich 1%
Monmouth College/KBUR/Douglas Fulmer & Associates[32]

Margin of error: ± 3.7%
Sample size: 687

January 18–19, 2016 Ted Cruz
27%
Donald Trump
25%
Ben Carson
11%
Marco Rubio 9%, Jeb Bush 7%, Chris Christie 4%, Mike Huckabee 4%, Rand Paul 3%, John Kasich 3%, Carly Fiorina 3%, Rick Santorum 1%, Jim Gilmore 1%, Undecided 4%
Loras College[33]

Margin of error: ± 4.4%
Sample size: 500

January 13–18, 2016 Donald Trump
26%
Ted Cruz
25%
Marco Rubio
13%
Ben Carson 8%, Jeb Bush 6%, John Kasich 4%, Chris Christie 3%, Mike Huckabee 3%, Rand Paul 3%, Carly Fiorina 2%, Rick Santorum 1%, Undecide 7%
Public Policy Polling[34]

Margin of error: ± 4.3%
Sample size: 530

January 8–10, 2016 Donald Trump
28%
Ted Cruz
26%
Marco Rubio
13%
Ben Carson 8%, Jeb Bush 6%, Chris Christie 3%, Carly Fiorina 3%, Mike Huckabee 3%, John Kasich 3%, Rand Paul 3%, Rick Santorum 2%, Jim Gilmore 0%, Undecided 2%
DM Register/Bloomberg[35]

Margin of error: ± 4.4%
Sample size: 500

January 7–10, 2016 Ted Cruz
25%
Donald Trump
22%
Marco Rubio
12%
Ben Carson 11%, Rand Paul 5%, Jeb Bush 4%, Chris Christie 3%, Mike Huckabee 3%, Carly Fiorina 2%, John Kasich 2%, Rick Santorum 1%
ARG[36]

Margin of error: ± 4.0% Sample size: 600

January 6–10, 2016 Donald Trump
29%
Ted Cruz
25%
Marco Rubio
10%
Ben Carson 8%, Chris Christie 6%, Rand Paul 4%, Jeb Bush 3%, John Kasich 3%, Mike Huckabee 2%, Rick Santorum 2%, Carly Fiorina 1%, Other 1%, Undecided 5%
Quinnipiac University[37]

Margin of error: ± 4.0% Sample size: 602

January 5–10, 2016 Donald Trump
31%
Ted Cruz
29%
Marco Rubio
15%
Ben Carson 7%, Chris Christie 4%, Jeb Bush 3%, Mike Huckabee 3%, Rand Paul 2%, John Kasich 2%, Carly Fiorina 1%, Rick Santorum 1%, Not decided 5%
Fox News[38]

Margin of error: ± 4.0% Sample size: 504

January 4–7, 2016 Ted Cruz
27%
Donald Trump
23%
Marco Rubio
15%
Ben Carson 9%, Jeb Bush 7%, Rand Paul 5%, Chris Christie 4%, Mike Huckabee 2%, Carly Fiorina 1%, John Kasich 1%, Rick Santorum 1%, Other 1%, Undecided 2%
NBC/WSJ/Marist[39]

Margin of error: ± 4.6% Sample size: 456

January 2–7, 2016 Ted Cruz
28%
Donald Trump
24%
Marco Rubio
13%
Ben Carson 11%, Rand Paul 5%, Jeb Bush 4%, Chris Christie 3%, Carly Fiorina 3%, Mike Huckabee 2%, John Kasich 2%, Other 1%, Undecided 3%
Polls in 2015
Poll source Date 1st 2nd 3rd Other
Gravis Marketing

Margin of error: ± 5.0%
Sample size: 440

December 18–21, 2015 Donald Trump
31%
Ted Cruz
31%
Marco Rubio
9%
Ben Carson 7%, Jeb Bush 4%, Mike Huckabee 4%, Carly Fiorina 3%, Chris Christie 2%, John Kasich 2%, George Pataki 1%, Lindsey Graham 1%, Rand Paul 1%, Rick Santorum 0%, Unsure 5%
CBS News/YouGov

Margin of error: ± 5.3%
Sample size: 1252

December 14–17, 2015 Ted Cruz
40%
Donald Trump
31%
Marco Rubio
12%
Ben Carson 6%, Jeb Bush 2%, Rand Paul 2%, Carly Fiorina 2%, Mike Huckabee 2%, Chris Christie 1%, John Kasich 1%, Rick Santorum 1%, Lindsey Graham 0%, Jim Gilmore 0%, George Pataki 0%, No preference 0%
Public Policy Polling

Margin of error: ± 4.3%
Sample size: 522

December 10–13, 2015 Donald Trump
28%
Ted Cruz
25%
Marco Rubio
14%
Ben Carson 10%, Jeb Bush 7%, Carly Fiorina 3%, Chris Christie 3%, Mike Huckabee 3%, Rand Paul 2%, John Kasich 2%, Rick Santorum 1%, Lindsey Graham 1%, Jim Gilmore 0%, George Pataki 0%, Undecided 1%
Quinnipiac University

Margin of error: ± 3.3%
Sample size: 874

December 4–13, 2015 Donald Trump
28%
Ted Cruz
27%
Marco Rubio
14%
Ben Carson 10%, Jeb Bush 5%, Rand Paul 4%, Carly Fiorina 3%, Chris Christie 3%, Mike Huckabee 1%, John Kasich 1%, Rick Santorum 0%, George Pataki 0%, Jim Gilmore 0%, Lindsey Graham 0%, DK 3%
Loras College

Margin of error: ± 4.4%
Sample size: 499

December 7–10, 2015 Ted Cruz
29.7%
Donald Trump
23.4%
Ben Carson
10.8%
Marco Rubio 10.6%, Jeb Bush 6.2%, Carly Fiorina 3.4%, Rand Paul 2.4%, Mike Huckabee 1.8%, John Kasich 1.0%, Rick Santorum 1.0%, Chris Christie 0.4%, Lindsey Graham 0.0%, Undecided 9.0%
Fox News

Margin of error: ± 4.5%
Sample size: 450

December 7–10, 2015 Ted Cruz
28%
Donald Trump
26%
Marco Rubio
13%
Ben Carson 10%, Jeb Bush 5%, Rand Paul 5%, Chris Christie 2%, Carly Fiorina 2%, Mike Huckabee 1%, John Kasich 1%, Rick Santorum 1%, George Pataki 1%, Jim Gilmore 0%, Lindsey Graham 0%, Uncommited 1%, Other 1%, DK 3%
DMR/Bloomberg

Margin of error: ± 4.9%
Sample size: 400

December 7–10, 2015 Ted Cruz
31%
Donald Trump
21%
Ben Carson
13%
Marco Rubio 10%, Jeb Bush 6%, Chris Christie 3%, Mike Huckabee 3%, Rand Paul 3%, John Kasich 2%, Carly Fiorina 1%, Rick Santorum 1%, Jim Gilmore 0%, Lindsey Graham 0%, George Pataki 0%, Uncommited 3%, Undecided 4%
Monmouth University Archived 2015-12-10 at the Wayback Machine

Margin of error: ± 4.8%
Sample size: 425

December 3–6, 2015 Ted Cruz
24%
Donald Trump
19%
Marco Rubio
17%
Ben Carson 13%, Jeb Bush 6%, Rand Paul 4%, Carly Fiorina 3%, John Kasich 3%, Chris Christie 2%, Mike Huckabee 2%, Rick Santorum 1%, Lindsey Graham <1%, George Pataki 0%, Jim Gilmore 0%, Uncommited 1%, Undecided 4%
CNN/ORC

Margin of error: ± 4.5%
Sample size: 552

November 28-
December 6, 2015
Donald Trump
33%
Ted Cruz
20%
Ben Carson
16%
Marco Rubio 11%, Jeb Bush 4%, Carly Fiorina 3%, Rand Paul 3%, Chris Christie 2%, Mike Huckabee 2%, John Kasich 1%, Rick Santorum 1%, Lindsey Graham 0%, George Pataki 0%, Jim Gilmore 0%, No one 1%, Someone else 1%, No opinion 1%
Quinnipiac University Archived 2015-11-25 at the Wayback Machine

Margin of error: ± 4.0%
Sample size: 600

November 16–22, 2015 Donald Trump
25%
Ted Cruz
23%
Ben Carson
18%
Marco Rubio 13%, Rand Paul 5%, Jeb Bush 4%, Carly Fiorina 3%, Chris Christie 2%, Rick Santorum 2%, Mike Huckabee 2%, John Kasich 1%, George Pataki 0%, Lindsey Graham 0%, Jim Gilmore 0%, DK/NA 2%
CBS News/YouGov

Margin of error: ± 6.2%
Sample size: ?

November 15–19, 2015 Donald Trump
30%
Ted Cruz
21%
Ben Carson
19%
Marco Rubio 11%, Jeb Bush 5%, Carly Fiorina 4%, Chris Christie 2%, Rand Paul 2%, Rick Santorum 2%, Bobby Jindal 2%, John Kasich 1%, Mike Huckabee 1%, George Pataki 0%, Lindsey Graham 0%, Jim Gilmore 0%
Iowa State University/WHO-HD

Margin of error: ± ?
Sample size: 518

November 2–15, 2015 Ben Carson
27%
Marco Rubio
17%
Donald Trump
15%
Ted Cruz 9%, Jeb Bush 5%, Rand Paul 3%, Carly Fiorina 2%, Mike Huckabee 1%, John Kasich 1%, Chris Christie 0%, Rick Santorum 0%, Lindsey Graham 0%
CNN/ ORC

Margin of error: ± 4.0%
Sample size: 548

October 29 – November 4, 2015 Donald Trump
25%
Ben Carson
23%
Marco Rubio
13%
Ted Cruz 11%, Jeb Bush 5%, Carly Fiorina 4%, Bobby Jindal 4%, Chris Christie 3%, Lindsey Graham 2%, John Kasich 2%, Rand Paul 2%, Mike Huckabee 2%, Rick Santorum 0%, George Pataki 0%, Jim Gilmore 0%, No opinion 3%
Gravis Marketing/One America News Network

Margin of error: ± 5.0%
Sample size: 356

October 30 – November 2, 2015 Donald Trump
29.4%
Ben Carson
22.4%
Marco Rubio
18.0%
Ted Cruz 8.5%, Jeb Bush 6.0%, Carly Fiorina 5.2%, John Kasich 3.1%, Chris Christie 2.4%, Rand Paul 1.8%, Bobby Jindal 1.5%, Mike Huckabee 1.1%, Rick Santorum 0.4%, Lindsey Graham 0.3%
Public Policy Polling

Margin of error: ± 3.9%
Sample size: 638

October 30 – November 1, 2015 Donald Trump
22%
Ben Carson
21%
Ted Cruz
14%
Marco Rubio 10%, Bobby Jindal 6%, Mike Huckabee 6%, Jeb Bush 5%, Carly Fiorina 5%, Chris Christie 3%, Rick Santorum 2%, John Kasich 2%, Rand Paul 2%, Lindsey Graham 0%, George Pataki 0%, Jim Gilmore 0%, Undecided 1%
KBUR/Monmouth University

Margin of error: ± 3.37%
Sample size: 874

October 29–31, 2015 Ben Carson
27.5%
Donald Trump
20.4
%
Ted Cruz
15.1%
Marco Rubio 10.1%, Jeb Bush 9.0%, Carly Fiorina 4.1%, Lindsey Graham 0.2%, Mike Huckabee 1.7%, John Kasich 1.9%, Rand Paul 1.6%, Chris Christie 2.3%, Bobby Jindal 1.3%, Rick Santorum 0.7%, Jim Gilmore 0.3%, George Pataki 0%, Undecided 3.8%
Monmouth University Archived 2015-10-27 at the Wayback Machine

Margin of error: ± 4.9%
Sample size: 400

October 22–25, 2015 Ben Carson
32%
Donald Trump
18%
Ted Cruz
10%
Marco Rubio 10%, Jeb Bush 8%, Carly Fiorina 5%, Rand Paul 3%, Bobby Jindal 2%, Mike Huckabee 2%, John Kasich 2%, Rick Santorum 1%, Chris Christie 1%, Lindsey Graham 0%, George Pataki 0%, Jim Gilmore 0%, Other 0%, Uncommitted 1%, Undecided 5%
Loras College

Margin of error: ± 4.4%
Sample size: 500

October 19–22, 2015 Ben Carson
30.6%
Donald Trump
18.6%
Marco Rubio
10.0%
Jeb Bush 6.8%, Ted Cruz 6.2%, Bobby Jindal 4.6%, Carly Fiorina 2.4%, Chris Christie 1.8%, Rand Paul 1.8%, John Kasich 1.4%, Mike Huckabee 1.2%, Rick Santorum 0.8%, Lindsey Graham 0.4%, George Pataki 0%, Undecided 12.8%
CBS News/YouGov

Margin of error: ± 6.5%
Sample size: ?

October 15–22, 2015 Donald Trump
27%
Ben Carson
27%
Ted Cruz
12%
Marco Rubio 9%, Jeb Bush 6%, Carly Fiorina 3%, Rand Paul 3%, Mike Huckabee 2%, John Kasich 2%, Bobby Jindal 2%, Rick Santorum 2%, Chris Christie 1%, Lindsey Graham 0%, George Pataki 0%, Jim Gilmore 0%, No preference 3%
DMR/Bloomberg

Margin of error: ± 4.9%
Sample size: 401

October 16–21, 2015 Ben Carson
28%
Donald Trump
19%
Ted Cruz
10%
Marco Rubio 9%, Rand Paul 5%, Jeb Bush 5%, Carly Fiorina 4%, Mike Huckabee 3%, John Kasich 2%, Bobby Jindal 2%, Rick Santorum 2%, Chris Christie 1%, Lindsey Graham 0%, George Pataki 0%, Jim Gilmore 0%, Not sure 7%, Uncommitted 3%
Quinnipiac University Archived 2015-10-23 at the Wayback Machine

Margin of error: ± 4.1%
Sample size: 574

October 14–20, 2015 Ben Carson
28%
Donald Trump
20%
Marco Rubio
13%
Ted Cruz 10%, Rand Paul 6%, Carly Fiorina 5%, Jeb Bush 5%, John Kasich 3%, Bobby Jindal 3%, Mike Huckabee 2%, Chris Christie 1%, Rick Santorum 1%, Lindsey Graham 0%, George Pataki 0%, Jim Gilmore 0%, Undecided 3%
NBC/WSJ

Margin of error: ± 4.7%
Sample size: 431

October 2015 Donald Trump
24%
Ben Carson
19%
Carly Fiorina
8%
Jeb Bush 7%, Ted Cruz 6%, Marco Rubio 6%, Bobby Jindal 6%, Mike Huckabee 5%, Rand Paul 4%, Chris Christie 4%, John Kasich 3%, Rick Santorum 1%, Lindsey Graham 1%, George Pataki <1%, Jim Gilmore <1%, Undecided 7%
Gravis Marketing

Margin of error: ± 4.6%
Sample size: 454

October 2, 2015 Donald Trump
18.8%
Ben Carson
14.1%
Ted Cruz
10.6%
Carly Fiorina 9.7%, Marco Rubio 8.9%, Jeb Bush 6.9%, John Kasich 2.6%, Rand Paul 2.4%, Mike Huckabee 1.8%, Lindsey Graham 1.8%, Bobby Jindal 1.7%, Chris Christie 1.4%, Rick Santorum 1.3%, George Pataki 0.3%, Unsure 17.9%
Public Policy Polling

Margin of error: ± 4.4%
Sample size: 488

September 18–20, 2015 Donald Trump
24%
Ben Carson
17%
Carly Fiorina
13%
Ted Cruz 8%, Marco Rubio 8%, Mike Huckabee 6%, Jeb Bush 6%, Scott Walker 5%, Rand Paul 4%, Bobby Jindal 4%, John Kasich 2%, Chris Christie 1%, Rick Santorum 1%, George Pataki 0%, Jim Gilmore 0%, Lindsey Graham 0%, Undecided 3%
CBS News/YouGov

Margin of error: ± 5.7%
Sample size: 705

September 3–10, 2015 Donald Trump
29%
Ben Carson
25%
Ted Cruz
10%
Marco Rubio 6%, Scott Walker 5%, Carly Fiorina 4%, Mike Huckabee 4%, Rick Santorum 3%, Jeb Bush 3%, Bobby Jindal 2%, John Kasich 2%, Rand Paul 2%, Chris Christie 1%, Jim Gilmore 1%, Lindsey Graham 0%, George Pataki 0%, Rick Perry 0%, No preference 4%
Quinnipiac University Archived 2015-09-12 at the Wayback Machine

Margin of error: ± 3.0%
Sample size: 1038

August 27 – September 8, 2015 Donald Trump
27%
Ben Carson
21%
Ted Cruz
9%
Jeb Bush 6%, Carly Fiorina 5%, Marco Rubio 5%, John Kasich 5%, Rand Paul 4%, Mike Huckabee 4%, Scott Walker 3%, Bobby Jindal 2%, Chris Christie 1%, Rick Santorum 1%, Rick Perry 1%, Lindsey Graham 1%, George Pataki 0%, Jim Gilmore 0%, Undecided 4%
NBC News/Marist

Margin of error: ± 5.0%
Sample size: 390

August 26 – September 2, 2015 Donald Trump
29%
Ben Carson
22%
Jeb Bush
6%
Carly Fiorina 5%, Rand Paul 5%, Scott Walker 5%, Ted Cruz 4%, Marco Rubio 4%, Bobby Jindal 4%, Mike Huckabee 3%, Chris Christie 2%, John Kasich 2%, Rick Santorum 1%, Rick Perry 0%, Lindsey Graham 0%, George Pataki 0%, Jim Gilmore 0%, Undecided 8%
Gravis Marketing/One America

Margin of error: ± 4.4%
Sample size: 507

August 29–31, 2015 Donald Trump
31.7%
Ben Carson
15.8%
Ted Cruz
6.9%
Marco Rubio 5.8%, Scott Walker 5.6%, Bobby Jindal 5.2%, Carly Fiorina 4.6%, Jeb Bush 4.1%, Mike Huckabee 2.6%, Chris Christie 2.0%, John Kasich 1.4%, Rand Paul 1.3%, Rick Perry 0.9%, Rick Santorum 0.6%, Lindsey Graham 0.4%, George Pataki 0.1%, Undecided 10.9%
Monmouth University Archived 2015-09-02 at the Wayback Machine

Margin of error: ± 4.9%
Sample size: 405

August 27–30, 2015 Donald Trump
23%
Ben Carson
23%
Carly Fiorina
10%
Ted Cruz 9%, Scott Walker 7%, Jeb Bush 5%, John Kasich 4%, Marco Rubio 4%, Rand Paul 3%, Rick Santorum 2%, Bobby Jindal 1%, Chris Christie 1%, Rick Perry 1%, George Pataki 0%, Jim Gilmore 0%, Lindsey Graham 0%, Someone else 0%, Undecided 5%
Des Moines Register/Bloomberg/Selzer

Margin of error: ± 4.9%
Sample size: 400

August 23–26, 2015 Donald Trump
23%
Ben Carson
18%
Ted Cruz
8%
Scott Walker 8%, Jeb Bush 6%, Marco Rubio 6%, Carly Fiorina 5%, Mike Huckabee 4%, Rand Paul 4%, Chris Christie 2%, Bobby Jindal 2%, John Kasich 2%, Rick Perry 1%, Rick Santorum 1%, George Pataki 0%, Jim Gilmore 0%, Lindsey Graham 0%, Someone else 0%, Undecided 10%
CNN/ORC

Margin of error: ± 2%
Sample size: 2,014

August 7–11, 2015 Donald Trump
22%
Ben Carson
14%
Scott Walker
9%
Ted Cruz 8%, Carly Fiorina 7%, Mike Huckabee 7%, Jeb Bush 5%, Rand Paul 5%, Marco Rubio 5%, Chris Christie 3%, Lindsey Graham 2%, Bobby Jindal 2%, John Kasich 2%, Rick Perry 1%, Rick Santorum 1%, George Pataki 0%, Jim Gilmore 0%, Someone else 0%, No one 2%, No opinion 4%
NBC/Marist

Margin of error: ± 5.3%
Sample size: 342

July 14–21, 2015 Scott Walker
19%
Donald Trump
17%
Jeb Bush
12%
Ben Carson 8%, Mike Huckabee 7%, Rand Paul 5%, Ted Cruz 4%, Marco Rubio 4%, Rick Perry 3%, Chris Christie 2%, John Kasich 2%, Bobby Jindal 1%, Carly Fiorina 1%, Lindsey Graham 1%, Rick Santorum 0%, George Pataki 0%, Jim Gilmore 0%, Undecided 14%
Quinnipiac University Archived 2015-07-01 at the Wayback Machine

Margin of error: ± 3.8%
Sample size: 666

June 20–29, 2015 Scott Walker
18%
Ben Carson
10%
Donald Trump
10%
Ted Cruz 9%, Rand Paul 9%, Jeb Bush 8%, Marco Rubio 7%, Mike Huckabee 5%, Rick Perry 4%, Rick Santorum 4%, Carly Fiorina 3%, Bobby Jindal 3%, John Kasich 2%, Chris Christie 1%, Lindsey Graham 1%, George Pataki 0%, DK/NA 5%
Morning Consult

Margin of error: ± ?%
Sample size: 265

May 31 – June 8, 2015 Scott Walker
18%
Jeb Bush
10%
Mike Huckabee
10%
Rand Paul 10%, Marco Rubio 7%, Chris Christie 6%, Ben Carson 5%, Donald Trump 5%, Ted Cruz 4%, Carly Fiorina 2%, Don't know/No opinion/Refused 21%, Someone else 3%
Gravis Marketing

Margin of error: ± 5%
Sample size: 364

May 28–29, 2015 Scott Walker
17%
Marco Rubio
13%
Ben Carson
12%
Jeb Bush 10%, Mike Huckabee 8%, Ted Cruz 6%, Rick Santorum 6%, Carly Fiorina 5%, Chris Christie 4%, Rand Paul 4%, Unsure 15%
Des Moines Register

Margin of error: ± 4.9%
Sample size: 402

May 25–29, 2015 Scott Walker
17%
Ben Carson
10%
Rand Paul
10%
Jeb Bush 9%, Mike Huckabee 9%, Marco Rubio 6%, Rick Santorum 6%, Ted Cruz 5%, Chris Christie 4%, Donald Trump 4%, Rick Perry 3%, Carly Fiorina 2%, John Kasich 2%, Lindsey Graham 1%, Bobby Jindal 1%, Uncommitted 4%, Not sure 7%
Quinnipiac University

Margin of error: ± 3.8%
Sample size: 667

April 25 – May 4, 2015 Scott Walker
21%
Rand Paul
13%
Marco Rubio
13%
Ted Cruz 12%, Mike Huckabee 11%, Ben Carson 7%, Jeb Bush 5%, Chris Christie 3%, Rick Perry 3%, Carly Fiorina 2%, John Kasich 2%, Rick Santorum 2%, Bobby Jindal 1%, Lindsey Graham 0%, Don't know/No answer 6%
Public Policy Polling

Margin of error: ± 4.6%
Sample size: 462

April 23–26, 2015 Scott Walker
23%
Marco Rubio
13%
Jeb Bush
12%
Mike Huckabee 10%, Rand Paul 10%, Ted Cruz 8%, Ben Carson 7%, Chris Christie 5%, Rick Perry 4%, Undecided 8%
Loras College

Margin of error: ± 4.3%
Sample size: 509

April 21–23, 2015 Scott Walker
12.6%
Marco Rubio
10%
Jeb Bush
9.6%
Mike Huckabee 8.6%, Ted Cruz 6.5%, Ben Carson 6.3%, Rand Paul 6.3%, Chris Christie 5.1%, Rick Santorum 3.5%, Donald Trump 3.1%, Rick Perry 2.6%, Carly Fiorina 1%, Bobby Jindal 1%, John Kasich 1%, Lindsey Graham 0%, Undecided 22.8%
Gravis Marketing

Margin of error: ± 5%
Sample size: 388

April 13, 2015 Jeb Bush
16%
Scott Walker
13%
Marco Rubio
12%
Ben Carson 9%, Rand Paul 9%, Mike Huckabee 8%, Ted Cruz 6%, Chris Christie 5%, Carly Fiorina 3%, Rick Santorum 2%, Undecided 17%
Opinion Savvy

Margin of error: ± 4.16%
Sample size: 552

March 20, 2015 Scott Walker
29%
Ben Carson
14%
Jeb Bush
12%
Mike Huckabee 11%, Ted Cruz 7%, Chris Christie 5%, Rand Paul 5%, Marco Rubio 5%, Donald Trump 3%, Other/Undecided 10%
Quinnipiac University

Margin of error: ± 3.9%
Sample size: 623

February 16–23, 2015 Scott Walker
25%
Rand Paul
13%
Ben Carson
11%
Mike Huckabee 11%, Jeb Bush 10%, Ted Cruz 5%, Marco Rubio 4%, Chris Christie 4%, Rick Santorum 4%, Rick Perry 3%, Bobby Jindal 2%, John Kasich 0%, Unsure 9%
Gravis Marketing

Margin of error: ± 4%
Sample size: 343

February 12–13, 2015 Scott Walker
24%
Jeb Bush
10%
Rand Paul
10%
Chris Christie 9%, Mike Huckabee 7%, Marco Rubio 7%, Rick Santorum 6%, Ben Carson 5%, Ted Cruz 4%, Carly Fiorina 3%, Unsure 15%
NBC News/Marist

Margin of error: ± 5.5%
Sample size: 320

February 3–10, 2015 Mike Huckabee
17%
Jeb Bush
16%
Scott Walker
15%
Chris Christie 9%, Rand Paul 7%, Ben Carson 6%, Marco Rubio 6%, Rick Santorum 5%, Rick Perry 4%, Ted Cruz 2%, Lindsey Graham 1%, Undecided 14%
Selzer & Co.

Margin of error: ± 4.9%
Sample size: 402

January 26–29, 2015 Scott Walker
15%
Rand Paul
14%
Mitt Romney
13%
Mike Huckabee 10%, Ben Carson 9%, Jeb Bush 8%, Ted Cruz 5%, Chris Christie 4%, Rick Santorum 4%, Marco Rubio 3%, Rick Perry 3%, Bobby Jindal 2%, Carly Fiorina 1%, John Kasich 1%, Donald Trump 1%, Mike Pence 0%, Uncommitted 2%, Not sure 5%
Scott Walker
16%
Rand Paul
15%
Mike Huckabee
13%
Ben Carson 10%, Jeb Bush 9%, Chris Christie 6%, Ted Cruz 6%, Rick Santorum 5%, Marco Rubio 4%, Rick Perry 3%, Bobby Jindal 2%, Carly Fiorina 1%, John Kasich 1%, Donald Trump 1%, Mike Pence 0%, Uncommitted 3%, Not sure 5%
Loras College

Margin of error: ± 5.5%
Sample size: 316

January 21–26, 2015 Mitt Romney
13.7%
Mike Huckabee
12.5%
Ben Carson
10.5%
Jeb Bush 9.9%, Scott Walker 8.3%, Rand Paul 6.7%, Ted Cruz 5.1%, Marco Rubio 4.2%, Chris Christie 3.8%, Rick Santorum 3.8%, Rick Perry 2.9%, Bobby Jindal 1.6%, Carly Fiorina 1%, John Kasich 1%, Lindsey Graham 0.3% Undecided 14.7%
Mike Huckabee
14.4%
Jeb Bush
13.1%
Ben Carson
12.8%
Scott Walker 9.9%, Rand Paul 7%, Chris Christie 5.4%, Ted Cruz 5.4%, Marco Rubio 4.2%, Rick Santorum 3.8%, Rick Perry 3.2%, Bobby Jindal 1.6%, Carly Fiorina 1.3%, John Kasich 1.3%, Lindsey Graham 0.6% Undecided 16%
Gravis Marketing

Margin of error: ± 3%
Sample size: 404

January 5–7, 2015 Mitt Romney
21%
Jeb Bush
14%
Scott Walker
10%
Mike Huckabee 9%, Rand Paul 8%, Ted Cruz 7%, Chris Christie 5%, Paul Ryan 5%, Marco Rubio 4%, Undecided 18%
Polls in 2014
Poll source Date 1st 2nd 3rd Other
Fox News

Margin of error: ± 5%
Sample size: 329

October 28–30, 2014 Mike Huckabee
13%
Ben Carson
12%
Paul Ryan
9%
Jeb Bush 8%, Rand Paul 8%, Chris Christie 7%, Ted Cruz 7%, Rick Santorum 6%, Marco Rubio 5%, Scott Walker 5%, Rick Perry 3%, Bobby Jindal 1%, John Kasich 1%, Rob Portman 0%, Other 1%, None of the above 4%, Don't know 10%
Reuters/Ipsos

Margin of error: ± 4.0%
Sample size: 602

October 23–29, 2014 Mitt Romney
17%
Paul Ryan
13%
Chris Christie
12%
Jeb Bush 10%, Scott Walker 10%, Rand Paul 8%, Ted Cruz 7%, Marco Rubio 6%, Rick Santorum 6%, Rick Perry 5%, Wouldn't vote 7%
Selzer & Co.

Margin of error: ± 4.8%
Sample size: 425

October 1–7, 2014 Mitt Romney
17%
Ben Carson
11%
Rand Paul
10%
Mike Huckabee 9%, Paul Ryan 8%, Ted Cruz 7%, Rick Perry 7%, Chris Christie 6%, Jeb Bush 4%, Scott Walker 4%, Rick Santorum 3%, Marco Rubio 2%, Bobby Jindal 1%, John Kasich 1%, Mike Pence 0%, Rob Portman 0%, Uncommitted 1%, Not sure 9%
CNN/ORC

Margin of error: ± 5.5%
Sample size: 310

September 8–10, 2014 Mike Huckabee
21%
Paul Ryan
12%
Rand Paul
7%
Jeb Bush 6%, Chris Christie 6%, Rick Perry 5%, Marco Rubio 5%, Scott Walker 5%, Ted Cruz 4%, Bobby Jindal 4%, Rick Santorum 3%
Suffolk University

Margin of error: ± 6.83%
Sample size: 206

August 23–26, 2014 Mike Huckabee
13.11%
Chris Christie
10.68%
Rick Perry
8.74%
Jeb Bush 7.28%, Rand Paul 6.8%, Paul Ryan 6.31%, Rick Santorum 5.83%, Marco Rubio 5.34%, Ted Cruz 4.85%, Scott Walker 4.37%, Bobby Jindal 2.91%, Jon Huntsman Jr. 0.97%, John Kasich 0.97%, Other 4.37%, Undecided 16.99%, Refused 0.49%
Mitt Romney
35.29%
Mike Huckabee
8.82%
Chris Christie
6.47%
Rick Santorum 5.88%, Ted Cruz 5.29%, Rand Paul 5.29%, Jeb Bush 4.71, Rick Perry 4.71%, Paul Ryan 4.12%, Scott Walker 3.53%, Marco Rubio 2.35%, Bobby Jindal 1.76%, Jon Huntsman Jr. 1.18%, John Kasich 0.59%, Undecided 10%
NBC News/Marist

Margin of error: ± 4.1%
Sample size: 558

July 7–13, 2014 Jeb Bush
12%
Rand Paul
12%
Paul Ryan
11%
Rick Santorum 9%, Chris Christie 8%, Ted Cruz 7%, Rick Perry 7%, Marco Rubio 7%, Scott Walker 5%, Bobby Jindal 1%, Undecided 20%
Vox Populi Polling

Margin of error: ± 6.6%
Sample size: 222

June 4–5, 2014 Jeb Bush
18%
Mike Huckabee
15%
Paul Ryan
13%
Rand Paul 12%, Marco Rubio 11%, Rick Santorum 10%, Ted Cruz 9%, Chris Christie 6%, Scott Walker 6%
Public Policy Polling

Margin of error: ± 5.6%
Sample size: 303

May 15–19, 2014 Mike Huckabee
20%
Ted Cruz
15%
Jeb Bush
12%
Rand Paul 10%, Chris Christie 9%, Paul Ryan 8%, Scott Walker 6%, Marco Rubio 4%, Rick Santorum 3%, Someone else/Not sure 13%
The Daily Caller/Vox Populi Polling Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine

Margin of error: ± 8.4%
Sample size: 168

April 22–24, 2014 Mike Huckabee
20%
Paul Ryan
19%
Jeb Bush
18%
Ted Cruz 9%, Marco Rubio 9%, Rand Paul 8%, Chris Christie 7%, Scott Walker 6%, Joe Scarborough 4%
Magellan Strategies

Margin of error: ± 5%
Sample size: 330

April 14–15, 2014 Jeb Bush
17%
Mike Huckabee
17%
Chris Christie
14%
Rand Paul 11%, Ted Cruz 10%, Scott Walker 8%, John Kasich 5%, Marco Rubio 2%, Undecided 16%
Loras College

Margin of error: ± 4%
Sample size: 600

April 7–8, 2014 Mike Huckabee
14.7%
Jeb Bush
10.7%
Rand Paul
8.5%
Paul Ryan 8.3%, Chris Christie 8%, Ted Cruz 6.2%, Marco Rubio 4.7%, Rick Santorum 4.7%, Scott Walker 4.7%, Rick Perry 3%, John Kasich 0.7%, Other 0.7%, Undecided 23.8%
Suffolk University Archived 2018-11-09 at the Wayback Machine

Margin of error: ± 8.7%
Sample size: 127

April 3–8, 2014 Mike Huckabee
11.02%
Jeb Bush
10.24%
Rand Paul
10.24%
Ted Cruz 9.45%, Ben Carson 8.66%, Chris Christie 7.09%, Paul Ryan 6.3%, Sarah Palin 5.51%, Condoleezza Rice 5.51%, Marco Rubio 5.51%, Rick Santorum 5.51%, Scott Walker 5.51%, Bobby Jindal 3.15%, Rick Perry 3.15%, Undecided 3.15%
WPA Research

Margin of error: ± ?
Sample size: 402

March 30, 2014 Mike Huckabee
14%
Rand Paul
10%
Scott Walker
8%
Jeb Bush 7%, Ted Cruz 7%, Paul Ryan 7%, Chris Christie 6%, Rick Santorum 5%, Rick Perry 3%, Marco Rubio 3%, Bobby Jindal 2%, Other 2%, Undecided 26%
Public Policy Polling

Margin of error: ± 5.8%
Sample size: 283

February 20–23, 2014 Mike Huckabee
17%
Rand Paul
14%
Jeb Bush
13%
Chris Christie 10%, Ted Cruz 10%, Paul Ryan 9%, Bobby Jindal 7%, Scott Walker 7%, Marco Rubio 3%, Other/Undecided 11%
Polls in 2013-2012
Poll source Date 1st 2nd 3rd Other
Cygnal

Margin of error: ± 2.37%
Sample size: 1,705

July 10–12, 2013 Marco Rubio
11.4%
Rand Paul
10.5%
Paul Ryan
9.3%
Jeb Bush 8.7%, Chris Christie 7.7%, Rick Santorum 6.7%, Ted Cruz 6.1%, Scott Walker 2.1%, Bobby Jindal 1.3%, Undecided 36.3%
Public Policy Polling

Margin of error: ± 6.2%
Sample size: 250

July 5–7, 2013 Rand Paul
18%
Chris Christie
16%
Paul Ryan
15%
Jeb Bush 14%, Marco Rubio 11%, Ted Cruz 10%, Rick Santorum 6%, Bobby Jindal 2%, Susana Martinez 1%, Other/Undecided 7%
Public Policy Polling

Margin of error: ± 5.4%
Sample size: 326

Feb. 1–3, 2013 Mike Huckabee
16%
Marco Rubio
16%
Rand Paul
15%
Jeb Bush 14%, Chris Christie 12%, Paul Ryan 10%, Susana Martinez 4%, Bobby Jindal 3%, Rick Perry 3%, Someone Else/Undecided 7%
Public Policy Polling

Margin of error: 5.1%
Sample size: 363

July 12–15, 2012 Rick Santorum
17%
Mike Huckabee
17%
Chris Christie
16%
Rand Paul 11%, Marco Rubio 10%, Jeb Bush 8%, Paul Ryan 6%, Sarah Palin 4%, Scott Walker 4%, Someone else/Not sure 8%
Public Policy Polling

Margin of error: 5.3%
Sample size: 346

May 3–5, 2012 Rick Santorum
16%
Mike Huckabee
16%
Chris Christie
15%
Jeb Bush 10%, Sarah Palin 10%, Rand Paul 9%, Marco Rubio 7%, Paul Ryan 5% Someone else/Not sure 10%

Results

Iowa Republican precinct caucuses, February 1, 2016
Candidate Votes Percentage Actual delegate count
Bound Unbound Total
Ted Cruz 51,666 27.64% 8 0 8
Donald Trump 45,427 24.3% 7 0 7
Marco Rubio 43,165 23.12% 7 0 7
Ben Carson 17,395 9.3% 3 0 3
Rand Paul 8,481 4.54% 1 0 1
Jeb Bush 5,238 2.8% 1 0 1
Carly Fiorina 3,485 1.86% 1 0 1
John Kasich 3,474 1.86% 1 0 1
Mike Huckabee 3,345 1.79% 1 0 1
Chris Christie 3,284 1.76% 0 0 0
Rick Santorum 1,783 0.95% 0 0 0
Other 117 0.06% 0 0 0
Jim Gilmore 12 0.01% 0 0 0
Unprojected delegates: 0 0 0
Total: 186,932 100.00% 30 0 30
Source: "Iowa". cnn.com. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
Results of the Iowa Republican caucus, 2016
  Cruz—40-50%
  Cruz—30-40%
  Cruz—20-30%
  Tied between Cruz and Trump
  Trump—20-30%
  Trump—30-40%
  Trump—40-50%
  Rubio—20-30%
  Rubio—30-40%

Controversy

Ben Carson accused Ted Cruz's campaign of winning the caucuses using dishonest tactics, such as falsely telling caucus-goers that Carson had dropped out in order to get them to switch their votes to Cruz.[40] Donald Trump also accused Cruz of "stealing" the Iowa caucuses through fraud.[41]

Exit Polls

2016 Iowa Republican Caucuses by demographic subgroup (Edison entrance polling)[42]
Demographic subgroup Cruz Trump Rubio Carson % of

total vote

Total vote 27.6 24.3 23.1 9.3 90%
Gender
Men 29 25 25 8 52%
Women 27 24 21 11 48%
Race/ethnicity
White 28 24 23 9 97%
Age
17–29 years old 27 19 24 10 12%
30–44 years old 31 22 22 6 16%
45–64 years old 28 25 24 10 46%
65+ years old 27 26 22 10 27%
Education
College Graduate 25 21 28 9 51%
Non-college 31 28 17 9 49%
Issue regarded as most important
Immigration 34 44 10 7 13%
Economy 18 24 30 9 27%
Terrorism 33 21 26 8 25%
Government spending 27 19 21 11 32%
Area type
Urban 24 23 28 7 20%
Suburban 28 22 25 7 36%
Rural 29 27 18 12 44%
Religion
Evangelical 33 21 21 12 62%
Non-Evangelical 19 29 26 5 38%

See also

References

  1. Glueck, Katie (February 3, 2020). "How Cruz beat Trump". Politico. Retrieved June 25, 2016.
  2. Editorial, The Register's. "Editorial: Cruz won Iowa the old-fashioned way: He earned it". The Des Moines Register. Retrieved June 18, 2022.
  3. Goldmacher, Shane; Isenstadt, Alex; Strauss, Daniel (February 3, 2016). "Rand Paul drops out of White House race". Politico. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  4. Bradner, Eric; Preston, Mark (February 1, 2016). "Mike Huckabee drops out of 2016 presidential race". CNN. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  5. King, John; Kopan, Tal; Diamond, Jeremy (February 3, 2016). "Rick Santorum drops presidential bid, endorses Marco Rubio". CNN. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  6. Article VIII, Republican Party of Iowa bylaws Archived 2015-12-13 at the Wayback Machine, amended June 27, 2015.
  7. "Presidential candidates display faith, fire". Des Moines Register. November 21, 2015. Retrieved December 2, 2015.
  8. "Republican Candidates Talk Religion, Security at Iowa Forum". CBS News. November 21, 2015. Retrieved December 2, 2015.
  9. Battaglio, Stephen (August 13, 2015). "Fox News Channel's Megyn Kelly will be at GOP debate in January". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 27, 2015.
  10. Brownstein, Ronald (December 14, 2015). "These States Could Pick the GOP Nominee, Each for Different Reasons". National Journal. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
  11. "Fox News to host last GOP debate before Iowa caucuses". Fox News. December 21, 2015.
  12. Koelig, Kilani; Rafferty, Andrew (January 29, 2016). "Trump Says Skipping Debate 'Turned Out Great'". NBC News.
  13. "For Clinton, Kasich". Storm Lake Times. January 12, 2016.
  14. "Endorsement: Clinton has record of getting things done". Iowa City Press-Citizen. January 29, 2016. Retrieved January 30, 2016.
  15. "Endorsement: Marco Rubio can chart new direction for GOP". The Des Moines Register. January 23, 2016.
  16. "OUR OPINION: Rubio, Clinton represent best choices in Iowa caucuses". Sioux City Journal. January 23, 2016.
  17. "2016 Iowa Caucuses - Republican Endorsements". www.p2016.org. Retrieved June 18, 2022.
  18. "TRUMP BY A NOSE OVER CRUZ; RUBIO GAINS MOMENTUM AND CLINTON MAINTAINS LEAD OVER SANDERS" (PDF). Emerson College Polling Society. Retrieved February 1, 2016.
  19. "FIRST-TIMERS PUT TRUMP AHEAD IN IOWA GOP CAUCUS, QUINNIPIAC UNIVERSITY POLL FINDS; SANDERS NEEDS FIRST-TIMERS TO TIE CLINTON IN DEM CAUCUS" (PDF). Quinnipiac University. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 4, 2016. Retrieved February 1, 2016.
  20. "Iowa Republican Caucus Poll" (PDF). Opinion Savvy. Retrieved February 1, 2016.
  21. "Trump Overtakes Cruz in Final Iowa Poll Before Caucuses". Bloomberg Politics/Des Moines Register. Retrieved January 31, 2016.
  22. "Trump Leads Iowa; Some Rays of Hope for Cruz, Rubio" (PDF). Public Policy Polling. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 3, 2016. Retrieved January 29, 2016.
  23. "Trump Leads in IA, NH, and SC… Clinton and Sanders Competitive in IA, Sanders up in NH, Clinton Leads in SC". Marist Poll. Retrieved January 28, 2016.
  24. "ARG Iowa GOP Polls" (PDF). Monmouth University. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 1, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2016.
  25. "ARG Iowa GOP Polls". ARG. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
  26. "TRUMP, CRUZ GO DOWN TO THE WIRE IN IOWA GOP CAUCUS, QUINNIPIAC UNIVERSITY POLL FINDS; RUBIO A DISTANT THIRD AS OTHERS ALL BUT DISAPPEAR" (PDF). Quinnipiac University. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 3, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
  27. "Clinton, Cruz Lead Among Iowa Caucusgoers in WHO-HD, Iowa State University Poll". Who TV. January 26, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
  28. "Iowa Presidential Primary". Fox News. Retrieved January 25, 2016.
  29. "CBS News 2016 Battleground Tracker Iowa" (PDF). YouGov. Retrieved January 25, 2016.
  30. "EYES ON IOWA:EMERSON COLLEGE POLL REVEALS TRUMP AND CLINTON SURGE 10 DAYS BEFORE THE CAUCUS. CRUZ AND SANDERS ARE FALTERING AT THE FINISH" (PDF). Emerson College. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  31. "Donald Trump, Bernie Sanders hold solid leads in Iowa, CNN/ORC poll finds". CNN. Retrieved January 20, 2016.
  32. "Iowa Republican Caucus Poll" (PDF). Douglas Fulmer & Associates. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  33. "Trump and Cruz Deadlocked, with Rubio a Distant Third, Loras College Poll Finds". Loras College. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  34. "Trump/Cruz Close in Iowa; Birther Issue Could Hurt Cruz; Sanders Gaining on Clinton" (PDF). Public Policy Polling. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
  35. "Iowa Poll: Cruz holds 3-point lead as Trump attacks". DM Register/Bloomberg. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
  36. "ARG Iowa GOP Polls". ARG. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  37. "Iowa GOP Polls". Quinnipiac University. Archived from the original on January 12, 2016. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  38. "Iowa GOP Polls". Fox News. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  39. "Cruz and Trump Vie in IA, Trump NH Favorite… Clinton and Sanders Competitive". Marist Poll. Retrieved January 11, 2016.
  40. McCaskill, Nolan D. (February 2, 2016). "Carson calls for Cruz camp dismissals after cheating allegations". Politico.
  41. Tennery, Amy (February 3, 2016). "Trump accuses Cruz of stealing Iowa caucuses through 'fraud'". Reuters.
  42. "Iowa Entrance Polls". www.nytimes.com. Retrieved June 18, 2022.
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