δ-Catenin
δ-Catenin is a subfamily of catenin proteins with ten armadillo-repeats and includes the proteins catenin delta-1 and catenin delta-2. Catenin delta-2 is expressed in the brain where it is important for normal cognitive development.[1] Like β-catenin and γ-catenin, δ-catenins seem to interact with presenilins.[2] These catenin-presenilin interaction have implications for cadherin function and regulation of cell-to-cell adhesion.[3]
| catenin (cadherin-associated protein), delta 1 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||
| Symbol | CTNND1 | ||||||
| Alt. symbols | CTNND | ||||||
| NCBI gene | 1500 | ||||||
| HGNC | 2515 | ||||||
| OMIM | 601045 | ||||||
| RefSeq | NM_001331 | ||||||
| UniProt | O60716 | ||||||
| Other data | |||||||
| Locus | Chr. 11 q12.1 | ||||||
| |||||||
| catenin (cadherin-associated protein), delta 2 (neural plakophilin-related arm-repeat protein) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||
| Symbol | CTNND2 | ||||||
| NCBI gene | 1501 | ||||||
| HGNC | 2516 | ||||||
| OMIM | 604275 | ||||||
| RefSeq | NM_001332 | ||||||
| UniProt | Q9UQB3 | ||||||
| Other data | |||||||
| Locus | Chr. 5 p15.2 | ||||||
| |||||||
While β-catenin acts as a transcription regulatory protein in the Wnt/TCF pathway, delta-1 catenin has been implicated as a regulator of the NF-κB transcription factor.[4]
Palmitoylation of δ-catenin seems to coordinate activity-dependent changes in synaptic adhesion molecules, synapse structure, and receptor localizations that are involved in memory formation.[5]
References
- Israely I, Costa RM, Xie CW, Silva AJ, Kosik KS, Liu X (September 2004). "Deletion of the neuron-specific protein delta-catenin leads to severe cognitive and synaptic dysfunction". Curr. Biol. 14 (18): 1657–63. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.08.065. PMID 15380068.
- Rubio ME, Curcio C, Chauvet N, Brusés JL (December 2005). "Assembly of the N-cadherin complex during synapse formation involves uncoupling of p120-catenin and association with presenilin 1". Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 30 (4): 611–23. doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2005.06.005. PMID 16456928. S2CID 8841045.
- Teo JL, Ma H, Nguyen C, Lam C, Kahn M (August 2005). "Specific inhibition of CBP/beta-catenin interaction rescues defects in neuronal differentiation caused by a presenilin-1 mutation". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 (34): 12171–6. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10212171T. doi:10.1073/pnas.0504600102. PMC 1189325. PMID 16093313.
- Perez-Moreno M, Davis MA, Wong E, Pasolli HA, Reynolds AB, Fuchs E (February 2006). "p120-catenin mediates inflammatory responses in the skin". Cell. 124 (3): 631–44. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.11.043. PMC 2443688. PMID 16469707.
- Brigidi GS, Sun Y, Beccano-Kelly D, Pitman K, Jobasser M, Borgland SL, Milnerwood AJ, Bamji SX (January 23, 2014). "Palmitoylation of [delta]-catenin by DHHC5 mediates activity-induced synapse plasticity". Nature Neuroscience. 17 (4): 522–532. doi:10.1038/nn.3657. PMC 5025286. PMID 24562000.