Cheti Chand

Chetri Chandra (Sindhi: چيتي چند, Moon of Chaitra) is a festival that marks the beginning of the Lunar Hindu New Year for Sindhi Hindus.[3][5] The date of the festival is based on the lunar cycle of the lunisolar Hindu calendar, falling on the first day of the year, in the Sindhi month of Chet (Chaitra).[3] It typically falls in late March or early April in the Gregorian calendar on or about the same day as Gudi Padwa in Maharashtra and Ugadi in other parts of the Deccan region of India.

See also: Indian New Year's days
Chetri Chandra
Jhulelal, the Ishta Devta of the Sindhi Hindus
Also calledSindhi new year
Observed bySindhi Hindus
TypeHindu
Celebrations2 days[1][2]
ObservancesSindhi New Year's Day, mela (fairs), social feast, processions, dancing[3]
DateMarch/April
2022 dateApril 2[4]
Related toUgadi, Gudi Padwa
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Overview

The festival marks the arrival of spring and harvest,[6] but in the Sindhi community, it also marks the birth of Uderolal in 1007, after they prayed to the Hindu god Varun Dev on the banks of River Indus to save them from the persecution by the tyrannical Muslim ruler Mirkhshah.[5][7][8] Varun Dev morphed into a warrior and old man who preached and reprimanded Mirkhshah that Muslims and Hindus deserve the same religious freedoms. He, as Jhulelal,[5] became the champion of the people in Sindh, from both religions. Among his Sufi Muslim followers, Jhulelal is known as "Khwaja Khizir" or "Zindapir". The Hindu Sindhi, according to this legend, celebrate the new year as Uderolal's birthday.[5][7]

The tradition likely started with Daryapanthis. During the British colonial rule era, major annual fairs (melas) used to be held in Uderolal and Zindapir (near Hyderabad, Pakistan).[3] In contemporary times, the Sindhi community celebrates the festival of Cheti Chand with major fairs, feast parties, processions with jhankis (glimpse stage) of Jhulelal (an avatar of [Varun dev], similar to Vithoba),[9] other Hindu deities, and social dancing.[3]

On this day, many Sindhis take Baharana Sahib, a representation of Jhulelal, to a nearby river or lake. Baharana Sahib consists of jyot (oil lamp), misiri (crystal sugar), fota (cardamom), fal (fruits), and akha. Behind is kalash (water jar) and a nariyal (coconut) in it, covered with cloth, phool (flowers) and patta (leaves).[10][11] There is also a Murti (statue) of Pujya Jhulelal Devta. Cheti Chand is a major festival of Sindhi Hindus in India and Pakistan,[1] and also celebrated by the Hindu Sindhi diaspora around the world.[3][8]

Months (lunar)
Month no. Name Sindhi Naskh Sindhi Nagari Western months
1 Wesakh ويسخ वेसाख Mid April – Mid May
2 Jheth جيٿ जेठ Mid May – Mid June
3 Akhar اکڙي आखर Mid June – Mid July
4 Saanwanr سانوڻ सावनवार Mid July – Mid August
5 Baddo بدو बडो Mid August – Mid September
6 Asav آساو आसव Mid September – Mid October
7 Katee ڪيٽي केटी Mid October – Mid November
8 Nahri نهري नाहरी Mid November – Mid December
9 Poh پوهه पोह Mid December – Mid January
10 Maangh مانگھ मांग Mid January – Mid February
11 Phagun ڦاڄن फागुन Mid February – Mid March
12 Chet چيٽ चेट Mid March – Mid April

References
  1. S. Ramey (2008). Hindu, Sufi, or Sikh: Contested Practices and Identifications of Sindhi Hindus in India and Beyond. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 125–127. ISBN 978-0-230-61622-6.
  2. "Sindhi : Sindhi Festivals: Festival Calendar 2018 : List Sindhi Festivals | The Sindhu World". thesindhuworld.com. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  3. Mark-Anthony Falzon (2004). Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860–2000. BRILL. pp. 60–63. ISBN 90-04-14008-5.
  4. "2022 – Sindhi / Hindu Calendar". www.jhulelal.com. Retrieved April 2, 2022.
  5. S. Ramey (2008). Hindu, Sufi, or Sikh: Contested Practices and Identifications of Sindhi Hindus in India and Beyond. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 8, 36. ISBN 978-0-230-61622-6.
  6. "Jhulelal Jayanti 2021 (Cheti Chand) [Hindi]: जानिए झूलेलाल जी को विस्तार से". S A NEWS. 2021-04-09. Retrieved 2021-04-14.
  7. Mark-Anthony Falzon (2004). Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860–2000. BRILL. pp. 58–60. ISBN 90-04-14008-5.
  8. P. Pratap Kumar (2014). Contemporary Hinduism. Routledge. pp. 120–124. ISBN 978-1-317-54636-8.
  9. Mark-Anthony Falzon (2004). Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860–2000. BRILL. p. 60. ISBN 90-04-14008-5.
  10. "PHOTOS: How India celebrates New Year". Rediff. Retrieved 2021-04-13.
  11. "cheti chand,sindhi festivals, chaliho sahab - Festivals Of India". www.festivalsofindia.in. Retrieved 2021-04-13.
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