Demographics of Punjab, India
Punjab is home to 2.3% of India's population; with a density of 551 persons per km2. According to the provisional results of the 2011 national census, Punjab has a population of 27,743,338, making it the 16th most populated state in India. Of which male and female are 14,639,465 and 13,103,873 respectively. 32% of Punjab's population consists of Dalits. In the state, the rate of population growth is 13.9% (2011), lower than national average. Out of total population, 37.5% people live in urban regions. The total figure of population living in urban areas is 10,399,146 of which 5,545,989 are males and while remaining 4,853,157 are females. The urban population in the last 10 years has increased by 37.5%. According to the 2011 Census of India, Punjab, India has a population of around 27.7 million.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 7,544,790 | — |
| 1911 | 6,731,510 | −10.8% |
| 1921 | 7,152,811 | +6.3% |
| 1931 | 8,012,325 | +12.0% |
| 1941 | 10,118,973[lower-alpha 1] | +26.3% |
| 1951 | 9,160,500 | −9.5% |
| 1961 | 11,135,069 | +21.6% |
| 1971 | 13,551,060 | +21.7% |
| 1981 | 16,788,915 | +23.9% |
| 1991 | 20,281,969 | +20.8% |
| 2001 | 24,358,999 | +20.1% |
| 2011 | 27,743,338 | +13.9% |
| source:Census of India [1]: 42 [2][3] | ||
Population density
The table below gives the population density (persons per square kilometre) of Punjab through the years.[4]
| Year | Density |
|---|---|
| 2011 | 551 |
| 2001 | 484 |
| 1991 | 403 |
| 1981 | 333 |
The table below shows the population density by district in Punjab, according to the 2011 census.[4]
| Sr. No. | District | Density (persons per square kilometre) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ludhiana | 978 |
| 2 | Amritsar | 928 |
| 3 | SAS Nagar | 909 |
| 4 | Jalandhar | 836 |
| 5 | Gurdaspur | 647 |
| 6 | Patiala | 570 |
| 7 | Fatehgarh Sahib | 509 |
| 8 | Rupnagar | 505 |
| 9 | Kapurthala | 499 |
| 10 | SBS Nagar | 478 |
| 11 | Hoshiarpur | 469 |
| 12 | Tarn Taran | 464 |
| 13 | Sangrur | 457 |
| 14 | Moga | 444 |
| 15 | Faridkot | 424 |
| 16 | Bathinda | 414 |
| 17 | Barnala | 402 |
| 18 | Ferozepur | 382 |
| 19 | Mansa | 350 |
| 20 | Sri Muktsar Sahib | 348 |
| Punjab | 551 |
Gender
The table below shows the sex ratio of Punjab through the years.[5]
| Year (Census) | Sex Ratio |
|---|---|
| 2011 | 895 |
| 2001 | 876 |
| 1991 | 882 |
| 1981 | 879 |
| 1971 | 865 |
| 1961 | 854 |
| 1951 | 844 |
| 1941 | 836 |
| 1931 | 815 |
| 1921 | 799 |
| 1911 | 870 |
| 1901 | 832 |
| District | Males (Urban) | Females (Urban) |
|---|---|---|
| Gurdaspur | 1,92,590 | 1,68,563 |
| Pathankot | 1,64,243 | 1,33,923 |
| Amritsar | 7,11,142 | 6,23,469 |
| Tarn Taran | 75,047 | 66,748 |
| Kapurthala | 1,50,379 | 1,32,083 |
| Jalandhar | 6,16,421 | 5,44,750 |
| SBS Nagar | 75,173 | 60,243 |
| Hoshiarpur | 1,74,587 | 1,60,382 |
| Rupnagar | 93,396 | 84,411 |
| SAS Nagar | 2,88,269 | 2,56,342 |
| Ludhiana | 11,14,372 | 9,55,336 |
| Ferozepur | 1,53,433 | 1,32,034 |
| Fazilka | 1,41,996 | 1,25,093 |
| Faridkot | 1,15,889 | 1,01,162 |
| Sri Muktsar Sahib | 1,33,420 | 1,18,771 |
| Moga | 1,20,216 | 1,07,030 |
| Bathinda | 2,68,713 | 2,30,504 |
| Mansa | 86,548 | 77,056 |
| Sangrur | 2,73,376 | 2,42,589 |
| Barnala | 1,02,312 | 88,373 |
| Patiala | 4,03,722 | 3,59,558 |
| Fatehgarh Sahib | 1,00,745 | 84,737 |
| Punjab (whole) | 55,45,989 | 48,53,157 |
Fertility rate
The table below shows the birth rate per 1000 persons in Punjab through the years.[8]
| Year | Total | Urban | Rural |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 14.9 | 14.1 | 15.6 |
| 2016 | 14.9 | 14.2 | 15.6 |
| 2015 | 15.2 | 14.2 | 15.9 |
| 2014 | 15.5 | 14.5 | 16.2 |
| 2013 | 15.7 | 14.7 | 16.3 |
| 2012 | 15.9 | 14.8 | 16.5 |
| 2011 | 16.2 | 15.2 | 16.8 |
| 2010 | 16.6 | 15.6 | 17.2 |
| 2009 | 17.0 | 15.8 | 17.7 |
| 2008 | 17.3 | 16.1 | 18 |
| 2007 | 17.6 | 16.4 | 18.3 |
| 2006 | 17.8 | 16.8 | 18.4 |
| 2005 | 18.1 | 17.0 | 18.8 |
| 2004 | 18.7 | 17.6 | 19.3 |
According to the National Family Health Survey of 2015-16, the percentage of women age 15-19 who have begun childbearing (teenage pregnancy) was 2.6%.[9]
Family planning
According to the National Family Health Survey 2020-21, the unmet need for family planning increased from 6.2% in 2015-16 to 9.9% in 2020-21. In the same time period, the unmet need for child spacing increased from 2.4 to 3.7 percent.[10]
| Indicator | Urban (2020-21) | Rural (2020-21) | Total (2020-21) | Total (2015-16) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any method (%) | 68.4 | 65.4 | 66.6 | 75.8 |
| Any modern method (%) | 49.4 | 51.1 | 50.5 | 66.3 |
| Female sterilization (%) | 18.0 | 25.6 | 22.8 | 37.5 |
| Male sterilization (%) | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| IUD/PPIUD (%) | 2.8 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 6.8 |
| Pill (%) | 1.1 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 2.5 |
| Condom (%) | 26.6 | 19.7 | 22.2 | 18.9 |
| Injectables (%) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Mortality
Infant mortality
The list below shows the infant mortality rate per 1000 in Punjab, through the years.[8]
| Year | Total | Urban | Rural |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 21 | 19 | 22 |
| 2016 | 21 | 18 | 23 |
| 2015 | 23 | 20 | 24 |
| 2014 | 24 | 21 | 26 |
| 2013 | 26 | 23 | 28 |
| 2012 | 30 | 25 | 33 |
| 2011 | 30 | 25 | 33 |
| 2010 | 34 | 31 | 37 |
| 2009 | 38 | 38 | 42 |
| 2008 | 41 | 33 | 45 |
| 2007 | 43 | 35 | 47 |
Literacy rate
According to the 2011 census, the literacy rate of Punjab was 75.84%. The male literacy was 80.44% and the female literacy was 70.73%.[13] The median number of years of schooling completed in the state was 6.5 for females and 7.8 for males, as of 2011.[14]
District
The table given below shows the literacy rate by district for year 2011 in descending order.[15][13]
| Sr. No. | District | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hoshiarpur | 84.59% |
| 2 | Mohali | 83.80% |
| 3 | Jalandhar | 82.48% |
| 4 | Ludhiana | 82.20% |
| 5 | Rupnagar | 82.19% |
| 6 | Gurdaspur | 79.95% |
| 7 | Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar | 79.78% |
| 8 | Fatehgarh Sahib | 79.35% |
| 9 | Kapurthala | 79.07% |
| 10 | Amritsar | 76.27% |
| 11 | Patiala | 75.28% |
| 12 | Moga | 70.68% |
| 13 | Faridkot | 69.55% |
| 14 | Firozpur | 68.92% |
| 15 | Bathinda | 68.28% |
| 16 | Sangrur | 67.99% |
| 17 | Barnala | 67.82% |
| 18 | Tarn Taran | 67.81% |
| 19 | Muktsar | 65.81% |
| 20 | Mansa | 61.83% |
Urban and Rural areas
The table given below shows the urban rural literacy rate of Punjab by district, in the year 2011.[16]
| Districts | Urban % | Rural % |
|---|---|---|
| Amritsar | 74.58% | 59.64% |
| Barnala | 65.78% | 57.90% |
| Bathinda | 70.45% | 55.46% |
| Faridkot | 69.79% | 57.38% |
| Fatehgarh Sahib | 74.24% | 69.53% |
| Firozpur | 69.98% | 56.95% |
| Gurdaspur | 78.59% | 68.12% |
| Hoshiarpur | 78.77% | 74.77% |
| Jalandhar | 77.03% | 70.53% |
| Kapurthala | 76.40% | 67.73% |
| Ludhiana | 75.28% | 70.12% |
| Mansa | 67.43% | 51.68% |
| Moga | 70.36% | 60.90% |
| Muktsar | 67.29% | 54.66% |
| Patiala | 75.72% | 60.83% |
| Rupnagar | 77.50% | 72.00 |
| Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar | 77.67% | 69.68% |
| Sangrur | 66.52% | 57.83% |
| Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar | 74.04% | 70.98% |
| Tarn Taran | 67.74% | 58.30% |
| Total | 74.14% | 63.41% |
Religion
The table below shows the literacy rate by religion in Punjab, according to 2001 census.[17]
| Sr. No. | Religion | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jains | 95.9% |
| 2 | Hindus | 74.6% |
| 3 | Buddhists | 72.7% |
| 4 | Sikhs | 67.3% |
| 5 | Christians | 54.6% |
| 6 | Muslims | 51.2% |
| All religious groups | 69.7% |
Caste
The table below gives the literacy rate of Scheduled castes by district, according to the 2011 census.[18][19][20][21]
| Sr. No. | District | SC Percentage | District total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hoshiarpur | 82.49% | 84.59% |
| 2 | Rupnagar | 78.4% | 82.19% |
| 3 | Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar | 77.72 % | 79.78% |
| 4 | SAS Nagar | 76.1% | 83.80% |
| 5 | Jalandhar | 76.68% | 82.48% |
| 6 | Gurdaspur | 72.89% | 79.95% |
| 7 | Ludhiana | 72.65% | 82.20% |
| 8 | Fatehgarh Sahib | 72.19% | 79.35% |
| 9 | Kapurthala | 71.29% | 79.07% |
| 10 | Patiala | 62.28% | 75.28% |
| 11 | Amritsar | 59.16% | 76.27% |
| 12 | Sangrur | 57.60% | 67.99% |
| 13 | Moga | 55.23% | 70.68% |
| 14 | Firozpur | 55.38% | 68.92% |
| 15 | Faridkot | 54.91% | 69.55% |
| 16 | Barnala | 54.91% | 67.82% |
| 17 | Bathinda | 53.09% | 68.28% |
| 18 | Tarn Taran | 51.37% | 67.81% |
| 19 | Muktsar | 50.46% | 65.81% |
| 20 | Mansa | 48.72% | 61.83% |
| Punjab | 64.81% | 75.84%. |
Human Development Index
The table below shows the district wise human development index of Punjab through the years.[23]
| Sr. No. | District | 2017 | 2011 | 2001 | 1991 | Percentage change 1991-2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ludhiana | 0.794 | 0.747 | 0.761 | 0.650 | 22.1% |
| 2 | Moga | 0.695 | 0.679 | 0.683 | -- | -- |
| 3 | Sangrur | 0.669 | 0.666 | 0.654 | 0.534 | 25.2% |
| 4 | Bathinda | 0.659 | 0.740 | 0.539 | 22.2% | |
| 5 | Tarn Taran | 0.654 | 0.646 | -- | -- | -- |
| 6 | SAS Nagar | 0.653 | 0.701 | -- | -- | -- |
| 7 | Fatehgarh Sahib | 0.648 | 0.69 | 0.74 | -- | -- |
| 8 | Kapurthala | 0.646 | 0.703 | 0.707 | 0.603 | 7.3% |
| 9 | Amritsar | 0.635 | 0.685 | 0.700 | 0.608 | 4.4% |
| 10 | Rupnagar | 0.629 | 0.675 | 0.751 | 0.623 | 0.9% |
| 11 | SBS Nagar | 0.627 | 0.707 | 0.707 | -- | -- |
| 12 | Jalandhar | 0.618 | 0.738 | 0.708 | 0.610 | 1.3% |
| 13 | Barnala | 0.617 | 0.649 | -- | -- | -- |
| 14 | Hoshiarpur | 0.615 | 0.721 | 0.718 | 0.606 | 1.4% |
| 15 | Patiala | 0.607 | 0.695 | 0.697 | 0.589 | 3.0% |
| 16 | Mansa | 0.601 | 0.595 | 0.633 | -- | -- |
| 17 | Faridkot | 0.599 | 0.642 | 0.698 | 0.573 | 4.5% |
| 18 | Muktsar | 0.572 | 0.633 | 0.651 | -- | -- |
| 19 | Firozpur | 0.563 | 0.606 | 0.689 | 0.568 | -0.8% |
| 20 | Pathankot | 0.538 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 21 | Fazilka | 0.505 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 22 | Gurdaspur | 0.503 | 0.673 | 0.723 | 0.612 | -17.6% |
| Punjab | 0.620 | 0.643 | 0.667 | 0.591 | 4.9% |
Caste population
As of September 2020, the caste population data foreach Forward caste citizen in Punjab collected in Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 has not been released to public by Government of India.[24][25] Scheduled Castes and Other Backward Classes form 63.2% of the total population of Punjab.[26]
Castes of Punjab (2011)
| Caste Population data of Punjab | ||
|---|---|---|
| Constitutional categories | Population (%) | Castes |
| Other Backward Classes (OBC) | 31.3%[27][28] | includes Sainis,[29] Sunar, Kamboj, Labana, Tarkhan/Ramgarhia, Kumhar/Prajapati, Arain, Gujjar, Teli, Banjara, Lohar, Bhat,[30] Others |
| Scheduled Castes (Dalits not including Rai Sikh statistics[31]) | 31.9%[32] | includes Mazhabi Sikh - 10%, Ramdasia Sikh/Ravidassia (Chamar)/Ad-Dharmi - 13.1%, Balmiki/Bhanghi - 3.5%, Bazigar - 1.05%, Others - 4%[33] |
| Others | 33% | includes Jat Sikh - 21%,[34] Brahmin, (Khatri-Arora-Sood[35]), Bania, Kayastha - 12%[36] Rajputs (includes Sikh Rajputs) - 5%[37] |
| religious minorities | 3.8%[38] | includes Muslims, Christians, Buddhists, Jains |
Below is the list of districts according to the percentage of their SC population, according to 2011 census.[13][18][39][40]
| Sr. No. | District | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar | 42.51% |
| 2 | Muktsar | 42.31% |
| 3 | Fazilka | 42.27% |
| 4 | Firozpur | 42.07% |
| 5 | Jalandhar | 38.95% |
| 6 | Faridkot | 38.92% |
| 7 | Moga | 36.50% |
| 8 | Hoshiarpur | 35.14% |
| 9 | Kapurthala | 33.94% |
| 10 | Tarn Taran | 33.71% |
| 11 | Mansa | 33.63% |
| 12 | Bathinda | 32.44% |
| 13 | Barnala | 32.24% |
| 14 | Fatehgarh Sahib | 32.07% |
| 15 | Amritsar | 30.95% |
| 16 | Pathankot | 30.60% |
| 17 | Sangrur | 27.89% |
| 18 | Ludhiana | 26.39% |
| 19 | Rupnagar | 25.42% |
| 20 | Patiala | 24.55% |
| 21 | Gurdaspur | 23.03% |
| 22 | SAS Nagar | 21.74% |
Crimes against SC/STs
The table below shows the number of recorded crimes against scheduled caste and scheduled tribe people from 2010 to 2018.[41]
| Year | Murder | Rape | POA Act | Hurt | Kidnapping | Miscellaneous |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 13 | 30 | 32 | 6 | 4 | 82 |
| 2017 | 7 | 17 | 31 | 3 | 2 | 58 |
| 2016 | 7 | 16 | 41 | 1 | 3 | 64 |
| 2015 | 8 | 14 | 23 | 5 | 3 | 94 |
| 2014 | 4 | 19 | 16 | 2 | 3 | 79 |
| 2013 | 7 | 22 | 13 | 37 | 8 | 39 |
| 2012 | 4 | 12 | 8 | 21 | 2 | 24 |
| 2011 | 5 | 9 | 24 | 27 | 2 | 22 |
| 2010 | 4 | 18 | 50 | 13 | 0 | 30 |
Urbanization
The table below shows the percentage of rural population in each district of Punjab in ascending order, according to the 2011 census.[42]
| Sr. No. | District | Rural percentage |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ludhiana | 40.84% |
| 2 | SAS Nagar | 45.24% |
| 3 | Amritsar | 46.42% |
| 4 | Jalandhar | 47.07% |
| 5 | Pathankot | 55.93% |
| 6 | Patiala | 59.74% |
| 7 | Bathinda | 64.05% |
| 8 | Faridkot | 64.85% |
| 9 | Kapurthala | 65.35% |
| 10 | Barnala | 67.98% |
| 11 | Sangrur | 68.83% |
| 12 | Fatehgarh Sahib | 69.02% |
| 13 | Ferozepur | 71.54% |
| 14 | Sri Muktsar Sahib | 72.04% |
| 15 | Fazilka | 73.97% |
| 16 | Rupnagar | 74.03% |
| 17 | Moga | 77.18% |
| 18 | Gurdaspur | 77.73% |
| 19 | Mansa | 78.75% |
| 20 | Hoshiarpur | 78.89% |
| 21 | SBS Nagar | 79.52% |
| 22 | Tarn Taran | 87.34% |
| Punjab (whole) | 62.52% |
Languages spoken
The Punjabi language written in the Gurmukhi script is the official language of the state.[45] Muslims form a slight majority in the Malerkotla town and use Shahmukhi for communication.[46] Punjabi is the sole official language of Punjab and is spoken by the majority of the population numbering around 24,919,067 constituting (89.82%) of the population as of 2011 census report. Hindi is the second largest language, spoken by 2,177,853 constituting 7.85% of the population. And the remaining 646,418 spoke other Indian languages, comprising 2.83% in the Others category.[43]
Religion in Punjab
2001 and 2011 census
Sikhism is the most practiced faith in Punjab, practiced by 16 million people representing 57.69% of the population of Punjab population, making it the only Sikh-majority state in India. Around 38.49% of the population i.e. 10.67 million practice Hinduism, while Islam is followed by 5.35 lakhs comprising 1.93% of the state population.[47] Other faiths include Buddhism, Christianity and Jainism.[48]
| Religion | 2001[49] | 2011[50] |
|---|---|---|
| Sikhism | 14,592,387 | 16,004,754 |
| Hinduism | 8,997,942 | 10,678,138 |
| Islam | 382,045 | 535,489 |
| Christianity | 292,800 | 348,230 |
| Jainism | 39,276 | 45,040 |
| Buddhism | 41,487 | 33,237 |
| Other | 8,594 | 10,886 |
| Not stated | n/a | 87,564 |
| Total | 24,358,999 | 27,743,338 |
| Religion | 2001[49] | 2011[49] |
|---|---|---|
| Sikhism | 59.90 | 57.69 |
| Hinduism | 36.94 | 38.49 |
| Islam | 1.57 | 1.93 |
| Christianity | 1.20 | 1.26 |
| Jainism | 0.16 | 0.16 |
| Buddhism | 0.17 | 0.12 |
| Other | 0.03 | 0.04 |
| Not stated | n/a | 0.31 |
Urban and rural areas
The table given below shows the religion in the urban areas of Punjab, according to 2011 census.[51]
| Religion | Percentage
% |
Urban population |
|---|---|---|
| Hindu | 60.41% | 6,282,072 |
| Sikh | 35.16% | 3,656,299 |
| Muslim | 2.47% | 256,664 |
| Christian | 1.01% | 105,253 |
| Jain | 0.39% | 40,674 |
| Buddhist | 0.09% | 9,660 |
| Other religions and persuasions | 0.04% | 4,240 |
| Religion not stated | 0.43% | 44,284 |
| Total | 10,399,146 |
The table given below shows the religion in the rural areas of Punjab, according to 2011 census.[51]
| Religion | Percentage
% |
Rural population |
|---|---|---|
| Sikh | 71.20% | 12,348,455 |
| Hindu | 25.35% | 4,396,066 |
| Muslim | 1.61% | 278,825 |
| Christian | 1.40% | 242,977 |
| Buddhist | 0.14% | 23,577 |
| Jain | 0.03% | 4,366 |
| Other religions and persuasions | 0.04% | 6,646 |
| Religion not stated | 0.25% | 43,280 |
| Total | 17,344,192 |
The table below shows the population of different religions in absolute numbers in the urban and rural areas of Punjab.
| Religion | Urban (2011) | Rural (2011) | Urban (2001) | Rural (2001) | Urban (1991) | Rural (1991) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hindu | 62,82,072 | 43,96,066 | 49,33,743 | 40,64,199 | 29,81,804 | 32,18,391 |
| Sikh | 36,56,299 | 1,23,48,455 | 30,24,950 | 1,15,67,437 | 15,42,623 | 86,56,518 |
| Christian | 1,05,253 | 2,42,977 | 81,642 | 2,11,160 | 33,503 | 1,51,431 |
| Muslim | 2,56,664 | 2,78,825 | 1,66,529 | 2,15,518 | 60,395 | 1,07,699 |
| Other religions | 98,858 | 77,869 | 55,649 | 38,176 | 29,432 | 7,119 |
East Punjab province
Religions in East Punjab, India region (1941)[1]: 42 [lower-alpha 2]
Prior to partition, the eastern portion of Punjab that was ultimately awarded to India following the demarcation of the Radcliffe Line was made into a new province – East Punjab. The area includes the contemporary states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. Below is the religious demographics of this region broken down by district and princely state with an overall total as per the 1941 Indian census.
| District/ Princely State |
Hinduism  [lower-alpha 3] |
Islam  |
Sikhism  |
Christianity  |
Jainism  |
Others[lower-alpha 4] | Total | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
| Patiala State | 597,488 | 30.86% | 436,539 | 22.55% | 896,021 | 46.28% | 1,592 | 0.08% | 3,101 | 0.16% | 1,518 | 0.08% | 1,936,259 | 100% |
| Firozpur District | 287,733 | 20.22% | 641,448 | 45.07% | 479,486 | 33.69% | 12,607 | 0.89% | 1,674 | 0.12% | 128 | 0.01% | 1,423,076 | 100% |
| Amritsar District | 217,431 | 15.38% | 657,695 | 46.52% | 510,845 | 36.13% | 25,973 | 1.84% | 1,911 | 0.14% | 21 | 0% | 1,413,876 | 100% |
| Hoshiarpur District | 584,080 | 49.91% | 380,759 | 32.53% | 198,194 | 16.93% | 6,165 | 0.53% | 1,125 | 0.1% | 0 | 0% | 1,170,323 | 100% |
| Jalandhar District | 311,010 | 27.59% | 509,804 | 45.23% | 298,741 | 26.5% | 6,233 | 0.55% | 1,395 | 0.12% | 7 | 0% | 1,127,190 | 100% |
| Hisar District | 652,842 | 64.85% | 285,208 | 28.33% | 60,731 | 6.03% | 1,292 | 0.13% | 6,126 | 0.61% | 510 | 0.05% | 1,006,709 | 100% |
| Karnal District | 666,301 | 66.99% | 304,346 | 30.6% | 19,887 | 2% | 1,249 | 0.13% | 2,789 | 0.28% | 3 | 0% | 994,575 | 100% |
| Rohtak District | 780,474 | 81.61% | 166,569 | 17.42% | 1,466 | 0.15% | 1,043 | 0.11% | 6,847 | 0.72% | 0 | 0% | 956,399 | 100% |
| Kangra District | 846,531 | 94.12% | 43,249 | 4.81% | 4,809 | 0.53% | 788 | 0.09% | 101 | 0.01% | 3,899 | 0.43% | 899,377 | 100% |
| Gurdaspur District[lower-alpha 5] | 174,221 | 20.21% | 440,323 | 51.08% | 200,688 | 23.28% | 46,743 | 5.42% | 25 | 0% | 6 | 0% | 862,006 | 100% |
| Gurgaon District | 560,537 | 65.83% | 285,992 | 33.59% | 637 | 0.07% | 1,673 | 0.2% | 2,613 | 0.31% | 6 | 0% | 851,458 | 100% |
| Ambala District | 412,658 | 48.68% | 268,999 | 31.73% | 156,543 | 18.47% | 6,065 | 0.72% | 3,065 | 0.36% | 415 | 0.05% | 847,745 | 100% |
| Ludhiana District | 171,715 | 20.98% | 302,482 | 36.95% | 341,175 | 41.68% | 1,913 | 0.23% | 1,279 | 0.16% | 51 | 0.01% | 818,615 | 100% |
| Kapurthala State | 61,546 | 16.27% | 213,754 | 56.49% | 88,350 | 23.35% | 1,667 | 0.44% | 380 | 0.1% | 12,683 | 3.35% | 378,380 | 100% |
| Jind State | 268,355 | 74.17% | 50,972 | 14.09% | 40,981 | 11.33% | 161 | 0.04% | 1,294 | 0.36% | 49 | 0.01% | 361,812 | 100% |
| Simla Hill States | 345,716 | 96.16% | 10,812 | 3.01% | 2,693 | 0.75% | 161 | 0.04% | 126 | 0.04% | 12 | 0% | 359,520 | 100% |
| Nabha State | 146,518 | 42.59% | 70,373 | 20.45% | 122,451 | 35.59% | 221 | 0.06% | 480 | 0.14% | 1 | 0% | 344,044 | 100% |
| Mandi State | 227,463 | 97.79% | 4,328 | 1.86% | 583 | 0.25% | 11 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 208 | 0.09% | 232,593 | 100% |
| Faridkot State | 21,814 | 10.95% | 61,352 | 30.79% | 115,070 | 57.74% | 247 | 0.12% | 800 | 0.4% | 0 | 0% | 199,283 | 100% |
| Chamba State | 155,910 | 92.3% | 12,318 | 7.29% | 107 | 0.06% | 190 | 0.11% | 0 | 0% | 383 | 0.23% | 168,908 | 100% |
| Sirmoor State | 146,199 | 93.7% | 7,374 | 4.73% | 2,334 | 1.5% | 38 | 0.02% | 81 | 0.05% | 0 | 0% | 156,026 | 100% |
| Bilaspur State | 108,375 | 98.22% | 1,498 | 1.36% | 453 | 0.41% | 7 | 0.01% | 3 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 110,336 | 100% |
| Malerkotla State | 23,482 | 26.65% | 33,881 | 38.45% | 30,320 | 34.41% | 116 | 0.13% | 310 | 0.35% | 0 | 0% | 88,109 | 100% |
| Suket State | 69,974 | 98.43% | 884 | 1.24% | 234 | 0.33% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 71,092 | 100% |
| Kalsia State | 29,866 | 44.32% | 25,049 | 37.17% | 12,235 | 18.15% | 55 | 0.08% | 188 | 0.28% | 0 | 0% | 67,393 | 100% |
| Simla District | 29,466 | 76.38% | 7,022 | 18.2% | 1,032 | 2.68% | 934 | 2.42% | 114 | 0.3% | 8 | 0.02% | 38,576 | 100% |
| Dujana State | 23,727 | 77.37% | 6,939 | 22.63% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 30,666 | 100% |
| Loharu State | 23,923 | 85.77% | 3,960 | 14.2% | 7 | 0.03% | 2 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 27,892 | 100% |
| Pataudi State | 17,728 | 82.38% | 3,655 | 16.98% | 0 | 0% | 9 | 0.04% | 128 | 0.59% | 0 | 0% | 21,520 | 100% |
| Total | 7,963,083 | 46.95% | 5,237,584 | 30.88% | 3,586,073 | 21.14% | 117,155 | 0.69% | 35,955 | 0.21% | 19,908 | 0.12% | 16,959,758 | 100% |
| Note: Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. | ||||||||||||||
Contemporary Punjab state
Religions in contemporary Punjab State, India region (1941)[1]: 42 [lower-alpha 1]
The religious demography according to the 1941 census for the region that comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India is also shown below, broken down by district and princely state with an overall total.
| District/ Princely State |
Islam |
Sikhism |
Hinduism [lower-alpha 3] |
Christianity |
Jainism |
Others[lower-alpha 4] | Total | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
| Patiala State | 436,539 | 22.55% | 896,021 | 46.28% | 597,488 | 30.86% | 1,592 | 0.08% | 3,101 | 0.16% | 1,518 | 0.08% | 1,936,259 | 100% |
| Firozpur District | 641,448 | 45.07% | 479,486 | 33.69% | 287,733 | 20.22% | 12,607 | 0.89% | 1,674 | 0.12% | 128 | 0.01% | 1,423,076 | 100% |
| Amritsar District | 657,695 | 46.52% | 510,845 | 36.13% | 217,431 | 15.38% | 25,973 | 1.84% | 1,911 | 0.14% | 21 | 0% | 1,413,876 | 100% |
| Hoshiarpur District | 380,759 | 32.53% | 198,194 | 16.93% | 584,080 | 49.91% | 6,165 | 0.53% | 1,125 | 0.1% | 0 | 0% | 1,170,323 | 100% |
| Jalandhar District | 509,804 | 45.23% | 298,741 | 26.5% | 311,010 | 27.59% | 6,233 | 0.55% | 1,395 | 0.12% | 7 | 0% | 1,127,190 | 100% |
| Gurdaspur District[lower-alpha 5] | 440,323 | 51.08% | 200,688 | 23.28% | 174,221 | 20.21% | 46,743 | 5.42% | 25 | 0% | 6 | 0% | 862,006 | 100% |
| Ludhiana District | 302,482 | 36.95% | 341,175 | 41.68% | 171,715 | 20.98% | 1,913 | 0.23% | 1,279 | 0.16% | 51 | 0.01% | 818,615 | 100% |
| Kapurthala State | 213,754 | 56.49% | 88,350 | 23.35% | 61,546 | 16.27% | 1,667 | 0.44% | 380 | 0.1% | 12,683 | 3.35% | 378,380 | 100% |
| Jind State | 50,972 | 14.09% | 40,981 | 11.33% | 268,355 | 74.17% | 161 | 0.04% | 1,294 | 0.36% | 49 | 0.01% | 361,812 | 100% |
| Nabha State | 70,373 | 20.45% | 122,451 | 35.59% | 146,518 | 42.59% | 221 | 0.06% | 480 | 0.14% | 1 | 0% | 344,044 | 100% |
| Faridkot State | 61,352 | 30.79% | 115,070 | 57.74% | 21,814 | 10.95% | 247 | 0.12% | 800 | 0.4% | 0 | 0% | 199,283 | 100% |
| Malerkotla State | 33,881 | 38.45% | 30,320 | 34.41% | 23,482 | 26.65% | 116 | 0.13% | 310 | 0.35% | 0 | 0% | 88,109 | 100% |
| Total | 3,799,382 | 37.55% | 3,322,322 | 32.83% | 2,865,393 | 28.32% | 103,638 | 1.02% | 13,774 | 0.14% | 14,464 | 0.14% | 10,118,973 | 100% |
| Note: Territory comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India. | ||||||||||||||
Sikhism in Punjab
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1941 | 3,322,322[lower-alpha 1] | — |
| 1951 | 5,553,918 | +67.2% |
| 1961 | 6,178,516 | +11.2% |
| 1971 | 8,160,232 | +32.1% |
| 1981 | 10,199,534 | +25.0% |
| 1991 | 12,768,393 | +25.2% |
| 2001 | 14,592,868 | +14.3% |
| 2011 | 16,004,754 | +9.7% |
| Source: census of India[53][54] | ||
Sikhism was born in the Punjab area of South Asia, which now falls into the present day states of India and Pakistan. The main religions of the area at the time were Hinduism and Islam.The Sikh faith began around 1500 CE, when Guru Nanak began teaching a faith that was quite distinct from Hinduism and Islam. Nine Gurus followed Nanak and developed the Sikh faith and community over the next centuries.[55]
The Sikh population in India's Punjab have grown from 5.53 million in 1951 to 16 million in 2011 census (an increase of 10.47 million in last 60 years). Sikhs in Punjab have the lowest fertility rate of 1.6 children per women as per census 2011.[56]
Decadal percentage of Sikhs in Punjab, India[53][54]
| Year | Percent | Increase |
|---|---|---|
| 1941 | 32.83%[lower-alpha 1] | N/A |
| 1951 | 60.62% | +27.8% |
| 1961 | 55.48% | -5.14% |
| 1971 | 60.22% | +4.74% |
| 1981 | 60.75% | +0.53% |
| 1991 | 62.95% | +2.2% |
| 2001 | 59.91% | -3.04% |
| 2011 | 57.69% | -2.22% |
After the 1947 Partition of Punjab, Sikhs became the majority religious group in Indian Punjab mainly due to the immigration of 2 million Sikhs from Pakistan into Indian Punjab, which have ultimately resulted in an increase in Sikh percentage from 32.83% in 1941 to 60.62% in 1951.[53][54][57] While population that adheres to Sikh faith has increased, the percentage of Sikhs has declined from 60.62% in 1951 to 57.69% (a decline of 2.93% in last 60 years).
Hinduism in Punjab
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1941 | 2,865,393[lower-alpha 1] | — |
| 1951 | 3,449,844 | +20.4% |
| 1961 | 4,256,936 | +23.4% |
| 1971 | 5,087,067 | +19.5% |
| 1981 | 6,200,146 | +21.9% |
| 1991 | 6,989,166 | +12.7% |
| 2001 | 8,998,214 | +28.7% |
| 2011 | 10,678,410 | +18.7% |
| Source: census of India,[53][54][58] | ||
Hinduism is the second largest and fastest growing religion in the Indian state of Punjab with around 38.5% followers as of 2011 census. Hinduism is the 2nd largest religion of Punjabi peoples. It was the largest religion in Punjab before the advent of Islam from the West and birth of Sikhism in Punjab region from the east.[59]
Decadal percentage of Hindus in Punjab, India[53][54][58]
| Year | Percent | Increase |
|---|---|---|
| 1941 | 28.32%[lower-alpha 1] | N/A |
| 1951 | 37.66% | +9.35% |
| 1961 | 38.23% | +0.57% |
| 1971 | 37.54% | -0.69% |
| 1981 | 36.93% | -0.61% |
| 1991 | 34.46% | -2.47% |
| 2001 | 36.94% | +2.48% |
| 2011 | 38.49% | +1.55% |
The Hindu percentage remained stable for decades. The Hindu percentage have increased from 37.66% in 1951 to 38.49% in 2011.
The Hindu population have increased from 3.44 million in 1951 to 10.67 million in 2011 (a growth of 7.23 million in 6 decades). Hindus in Punjab have a fertility rate of 1.9 children per women as per as census 2011.[60]
Islam in Punjab
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1941 | 3,799,382[lower-alpha 1] | — |
| 1947 | 90,172 | −97.6% |
| 1951 | 110,160 | +22.2% |
| 1961 | 181,234 | +64.5% |
| 1971 | 252,688 | +39.4% |
| 1981 | 321,287 | +27.1% |
| 1991 | 390,077 | +21.4% |
| 2001 | 382,045 | −2.1% |
| 2011 | 535,489 | +40.2% |
| Source: Census of India | ||
The Muslim population in the region that comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India reduced from approximately 37.5% according to the 1941 census to 0.5% in 1947 as a result of Partition of Punjab riots which were caused during 1947 mainly in the various parts of East Punjab.
Prior to partition, according to the 1941 census, approximately 3.8 million Muslims resided in the region that forms the contemporary state of Punjab in India.[lower-alpha 1] At the time, Muslims formed the largest religious community in the region, comprising a narrow plurality at approximately 37.5 percent of the total population.[lower-alpha 1] Following the partition of India, the vast majority numbering around 3.71 million departed the region en masse, migrating westward to the Punjab region that fell on the western side of the Radcliffe Line, in the contemporary state of Punjab, Pakistan.
Most native Punjabi Muslims now live in Malerkotla, and it is the only district where communal violence haven't occurred during partition because Guru Gobind Singh Ji have promised the Nawab of Malerkotla, Sher Mohammad Khan that the Muslim community in Malerkotla would never be harmed in the future times to come and as a result of Guru ji's blessing words, most of the Muslims were able to stayed back there.[61][62] Apart from Malerkotla, most of the Muslims living in other parts of Punjab are non-native and have came from neighbouring states of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Jammu & Kashmir on temporary basis as immigrants workers (small scale) and students.
Muslims in Punjab have a fertility rate of 2.4 children per women as per 2011 census.[60] Islam is the fastest-growing religion in Punjab.[63]
Decadal percentage of Muslims in Punjab, India[64][65][58] [66]
| Year | Percent | Increase |
|---|---|---|
| 1941 | 37.55%[lower-alpha 1] | N/A |
| 1947 | 0.5% | -37.05% |
| 1951 | 0.63% | +0.13% |
| 1961 | 0.82% | +0.19% |
| 1971 | 0.93% | +0.11% |
| 1981 | 1% | +0.07% |
| 1991 | 1.18% | +0.18% |
| 2001 | 1.57% | +0.39% |
| 2011 | 1.93% | +0.36% |
Religious population by districts
| # | District | Sikh | Hindu | Muslim | Christian | Jain | Buddhist | Other religions | Religion not stated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Amritsar | 1,716,935 | 690,939 | 12,502 | 54,344 | 3,152 | 876 | 5,488 | 10,864 |
| 2 | Barnala | 467,751 | 112,859 | 13,100 | 622 | 246 | 108 | 481 | 360 |
| 3 | Bathinda | 984,286 | 380,569 | 16,299 | 2,474 | 1,266 | 246 | 559 | 2,826 |
| 4 | Faridkot | 469,789 | 141,363 | 3,125 | 1,227 | 1,109 | 155 | 103 | 637 |
| 5 | Fatehgarh Sahib | 427,521 | 152,851 | 16,808 | 1,698 | 178 | 48 | 251 | 808 |
| 6 | Firozpur | 1,090,815 | 906,408 | 6,844 | 19,358 | 1,143 | 454 | 278 | 3,774 |
| 7 | Gurdaspur | 1,002,874 | 1,074,332 | 27,667 | 176,587 | 580 | 405 | 812 | 15,066 |
| 8 | Hoshiarpur | 538,208 | 1,000,743 | 23,089 | 14,968 | 2034 | 3,476 | 531 | 3,576 |
| 9 | Jalandhar | 718,363 | 1,394,329 | 30,233 | 26,016 | 4,011 | 11,385 | 805 | 8,448 |
| 10 | Kapurthala | 453,692 | 336,124 | 10,190 | 5,445 | 553 | 6,662 | 334 | 2,168 |
| 11 | Ludhiana | 1,863,408 | 1,502,403 | 77,713 | 16,517 | 19,620 | 2,007 | 1,254 | 15,817 |
| 12 | Mansa | 598,443 | 156,539 | 10,375 | 917 | 1,577 | 123 | 493 | 1,284 |
| 13 | Moga | 818,921 | 158,414 | 9,388 | 3,277 | 436 | 178 | 365 | 4,767 |
| 14 | Muktsar | 638,625 | 254,920 | 4,333 | 1,681 | 744 | 240 | 433 | 920 |
| 15 | Patiala | 1,059,944 | 783,306 | 40,043 | 5,683 | 1,914 | 245 | 1,410 | 3,141 |
| 16 | Rupnagar | 361,045 | 304,481 | 14,492 | 2,094 | 653 | 118 | 143 | 1,601 |
| 17 | Mohali | 478,908 | 476,276 | 29,488 | 5,342 | 1,257 | 257 | 239 | 2,861 |
| 18 | Sangrur | 1,077,438 | 389,410 | 179,116 | 2,406 | 3,222 | 268 | 1,038 | 2,271 |
| 19 | Nawanshehar | 192,885 | 401,368 | 6,829 | 1,479 | 695 | 5,885 | 266 | 2,903 |
| 20 | Tarn Taran | 1,044,903 | 60,504 | 3,855 | 6,095 | 650 | 101 | 47 | 3,472 |
Punjab (Total) | 16,004,754 | 10,678,138 | 535,489 | 348,230 | 45,040 | 33,237 | 10,886 | 87,564 | |
| # | District | Sikh | Hindu | Muslim | Christian | Jain | Buddhist | Other religions | Religion not stated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Amritsar | 68.94% | 27.74% | 0.50% | 2.18% | 0.13% | 0.04% | 0.04% | 0.44% |
| 2 | Barnala | 78.54% | 18.95% | 2.20% | 0.10% | 0.04% | 0.02% | 0.08% | 0.06% |
| 3 | Bathinda | 70.89% | 27.41% | 1.17% | 0.18% | 0.09% | 0.02% | 0.04% | 0.20% |
| 4 | Faridkot | 76.08% | 22.89% | 0.51% | 0.20% | 0.18% | 0.03% | 0.02% | 0.10% |
| 5 | Fatehgarh Sahib | 71.23% | 25.47% | 2.80% | 0.28% | 0.03% | 0.01% | 0.04% | 0.13% |
| 6 | Firozpur | 53.76% | 44.67% | 0.34% | 0.95% | 0.06% | 0.02% | 0.01% | 0.19% |
| 7 | Gurdaspur | 43.64% | 46.74% | 1.20% | 7.68% | 0.03% | 0.02% | 0.04% | 0.66% |
| 8 | Hoshiarpur | 33.92% | 63.07% | 1.46% | 0.94% | 0.13% | 0.22% | 0.03% | 0.23% |
| 9 | Jalandhar | 32.75% | 63.56% | 1.38% | 1.19% | 0.18% | 0.52% | 0.04% | 0.39% |
| 10 | Kapurthala | 55.66% | 41.23% | 1.25% | 0.67% | 0.07% | 0.82% | 0.04% | 0.27% |
| 11 | Ludhiana | 53.26% | 42.94% | 2.22% | 0.47% | 0.56% | 0.06% | 0.04% | 0.45% |
| 12 | Mansa | 77.75% | 20.34% | 1.35% | 0.12% | 0.20% | 0.02% | 0.06% | 0.17% |
| 13 | Moga | 82.24% | 15.91% | 0.94% | 0.33% | 0.04% | 0.02% | 0.04% | 0.48% |
| 14 | Muktsar | 70.81% | 28.26% | 0.48% | 0.19% | 0.08% | 0.03% | 0.05% | 0.10% |
| 15 | Patiala | 55.91% | 41.32% | 2.11% | 0.30% | 0.10% | 0.01% | 0.07% | 0.17% |
| 16 | Rupnagar | 52.74% | 44.47% | 2.12% | 0.31% | 0.10% | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.23% |
| 17 | Mohali | 48.15% | 47.88% | 2.96% | 0.54% | 0.13% | 0.03% | 0.02% | 0.29% |
| 18 | Sangrur | 65.10% | 23.53% | 10.82% | 0.15% | 0.19% | 0.02% | 0.06% | 0.14% |
| 19 | Nawanshehar | 31.50% | 65.55% | 1.12% | 0.24% | 0.11% | 0.96% | 0.04% | 0.47% |
| 20 | Tarn Taran | 93.33% | 5.40% | 0.34% | 0.54% | 0.06% | 0.01% | 0.00% | 0.31% |
Punjab (Total) | 57.69% | 38.49% | 1.93% | 1.26% | 0.16% | 0.12% | 0.04% | 0.32% | |
See also
Notes
- 1941 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Firozpur, Amritsar, Hoshiarpur, and Gurdaspur (minus Shakargarh Tehsil)), and princely states (Kapurthala, Malerkotla, Faridkot, Patiala, Jind and Nabha) which are in the region that comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India. See 1941 census data here:[1]: 42
- 1941 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Hisar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Karnal, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Firozpur, Amritsar, Simla, Kangra, Ambala, Hoshiarpur, and Gurdaspur (minus Shakargarh Tehsil)), and princely states (Loharu, Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Kapurthala, Malerkotla, Faridkot, Patiala, Jind, Nabha, Sirmoor, Simla Hill, Bilaspur, Mandi, Suket, and Chamba) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the Radcliffe Line. See 1941 census data here:[1]: 42
Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included Patiala and East Punjab States Union, Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh, and Bilaspur State. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. - Including Ad-Dharmis
- Including Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated
- Does not include Shakargarh Tehsil, which was awarded to Pakistan as part of the Radcliffe Line.
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