List of towns and villages depopulated during the 1947–1949 Palestine war
During the 1947–1949 Palestine war around 400 Arab towns and villages were depopulated, with a majority being entirely destroyed and left uninhabitable.[1][2] Today these locations are all in Israel; many of the locations were repopulated by Jewish immigrants, with their place names replaced with Hebrew place names.
Arabs remained in small numbers in some of the cities (Haifa, Jaffa and Acre); and Jerusalem was divided between Jordan and Israel. Around 30,000 Palestinians remained in Jerusalem in what became the Arab part of it (East Jerusalem). In addition, some 30,000 non-Jewish refugees relocated to East Jerusalem, while 5,000 Jewish refugees moved from the Old City to West Jerusalem on the Israeli side. An overwhelming number of the Arab residents who had lived in the cities that became a part of Israel and were renamed (Acre, Haifa, Safad, Tiberias, Ashkelon, Beersheba, Jaffa and Beisan) fled or were expelled. Most of the Palestinians who remain there are internally displaced people from the villages nearby.[3]
A number of the towns and villages were destroyed by Israeli forces in the aftermath of the 1948 war, but it was not until 1965 that more than 100 remaining locations – including many of the largest depopulated places – were demolished by the Israel Land Administration.[4]
There are more than 120 "village memorial books" documenting the history of the depopulated Palestinian villages. These books are based on accounts given by villagers. Rochelle A. Davis has described the authors as seeking "to pass on information about their villages and their values to coming generations".[5]
The towns and villages listed below are arranged according to the subdistricts of Mandatory Palestine they were situated in.
Table
Other villages (not in table above)
Haifa Subdistrict
Jerusalem Subdistrict
See also
- Causes of the 1948 Palestinian exodus
- Transfer Committee
- Plan Dalet
- Palestine refugee camps
- 1948 Palestinian exodus from Lydda and Ramle
- List of villages depopulated during the Arab–Israeli conflict
- Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries
- Syrian towns and villages depopulated in the Arab–Israeli conflict
- Killings and massacres during the 1948 Palestine war
- List of battles and operations in the 1948 Palestine war
Notes
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- Benny Morris (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. p. 342. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
About 400 villages and towns were depopulated in the course of the war and its immediate aftermath. By mid-1949, the majority of these sites were either completely or partly in ruins and uninhabitable.
- Naseer Aruri (20 July 2001). Palestinian Refugees: The Right of Return. Pluto Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-7453-1777-9. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
Of the 418 depopulated villages, 293 (70%) were totally destroyed and 90 (22%) were largely destroyed. Seven survived, including 'Ayn Karim (west of Jerusalem), but were taken by Israeli settlers.
- Davis, 2011, pp. 237-238
- Shai, Aron. “The Fate of Abandoned Arab Villages in Israel, 1965-1969.” History and Memory, vol. 18, no. 2, 2006, pp. 86–106: "In the spring of 1965, the Israel Land Administration (ILA) initiated the demolition (or to quote contemporary records, “leveling”) of more than one hundred of these abandoned Arab villages. For about fifteen years prior to the ILA initiative, some of the abandoned villages had been demolished, with just their mosques or churches left standing, while others still stood deserted. Some of the villages were well preserved, while others bore the ravages of time; some had been settled with Jewish immigrants at the Israeli government’s initiative (figures 1–4). In villages where the houses had collapsed or were on the verge of collapse, the scars of IDF urban warfare exercises could sometimes be seen, and there were signs of looting and vandalism. However, it was only in the spring of 1965 that a clear policy was established to “level” the abandoned villages with the aim of “clearing” the country, to quote the official term used at the time. The operation, which was deliberately planned and executed, unlike its predecessor in the aftermath of the 1948 war, lasted until the few weeks of political and military tension before the June 1967 Six-Day War, and was subsequently continued after the war, and even expanded to include the newly occupied territories... The demolition program affected a large number of villages, including al-Burj, Bir Ma‘in (near present-day Modi‘in), Tall al-Safi, Zakariyya (in the Elah Valley), Abu Shusha and al-Qubab (southeast of Ramle), al-Khayriyya (near Jaffa; the place later became the central garbage tip), and in the north—Lubya (east of Tiberias), Dalaata (near Safed), and the small town of Saffuriyya (now the Tzippori national park)."
- Davis, 2011, p. Preface - xvii
- Abu Sitta 2010, pp. 108–115.
- Abu Sitta 2006, pp. 108–115.
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 235
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #75
- Morris, 2004, p. xv
- Khalidi, 1992, pp. 166, 188
- Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #8.
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 198
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 100
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 97
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 154
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #92
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #91
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 3
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 2
- Dear Prince William, if you have to go, make it count, Robert Cohen, March 10, 2018, Mondoweiss
- יישוב למפוני גוש קטיף נבנה על שרידי כפר פלסטיני Haaretz, 21 June 2013
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #144
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 538
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 253
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #113
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #119
- Khalidi, 1992, pp. 8-9
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #153, in 1949-50.
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #184, in 1949.
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 248
- Volynsky and Arbel, 2015, Or Yehuda
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #65, 1949-1950
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 87
- Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #6
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 92
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 360
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #166
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #50, January 1949.
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 82
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #28
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 277
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 366
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 13
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #182
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 102
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 565
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #118
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 212
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 533
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 283
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 108
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 407
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #84
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 560
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 379
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 395
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 408
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #85
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 323
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 363
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 455
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 421: part of it occupies the former palatial home of Abu Umar Effendi
- Traces of poison, Salman Abu-Sitta, 5 March 2003, Al-Ahram
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #99
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #100
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 387
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 19
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #30
- Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #9
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #186
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #117
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 200
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 400
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 10
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #47, January 1949
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 403
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 384
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 119
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 129
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 136
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 418
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #106, 1949.
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 193
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 517
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 15
- In 1950, according to Khalidi, 1992, p. 114
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #60, 1949.
- In 1949, according to Khalidi, 1992, p. 114
- Khalidi, 1992, pp. 404-5
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #76
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 117
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 240
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 226
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 118
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #98
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 399
- Jakoel, 2017, Elʽad
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #120
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 30
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #51, established January 1949.
- Benvenisti, 2000, p. 319
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 258
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #161, established 1949-50.
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 492
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 510
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #45, January 1949
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 22
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 413
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 116
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 133
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 482
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #154
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 34
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 135
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 101
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 185
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #162
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 137
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 486
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #49, established January 1949.
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 491
- Established in 1979. Khalidi, 1992, p. 491
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 131
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 558
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 507
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 145
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 103
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 23
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 35
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 26
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #53, January 1949
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 31
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 181
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 553
- Khalidi, 1991, p. 282
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #160
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 461
- Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #12
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 347
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 122
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 109
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 441
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #123, established 1949.
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 151
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 189
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 174
- Founded in 1951 on village land, to the south of the village. In Khalidi, 1992, p. 128
- Founded in 1957 on village land, to the northeast. In Khalidi, 1992, p. 128
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 312
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 488
- Morris 2008, p. 78.
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #32
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, village 52
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 28
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 203
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #131. Settlement date uncertain, according to Morris, but possibly 1949 (re-established 1953)
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 446
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 252
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #97, in 1949
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 127
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #33, October 1948.
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 365
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 220
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 275
- also known as Masmiya Shalom. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #72, established in 1949
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 126
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 58
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 942
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 370
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 410
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #87, established 1949.
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 357
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #26
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 362
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 120
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 17
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 529
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #179, 1949
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 199
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 371
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 378
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #23
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 550
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 266
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 57
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 287
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 298
- Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #11
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 374
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #73
- Petersen, 2001, p. 287
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #77
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #130
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 487
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 539
- Khalidi, 1992, pp. 17-18
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 443
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #135, established 1949.
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 471
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 474
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 269
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #121
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 170
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 314
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 47
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 566
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 144
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 364
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #34, October 1948
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 239
- Morris, 2004, p. xvii, settlement #159
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 540
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #143
- Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #4
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 158
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #37
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 299
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 321
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 557
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 64
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 280
- Close by, but on land traditionally belonging to Abu Ghosh, according to Khalidi, 1992, p. 290
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 54
- Morris, 2004, p. xix, settlement #78, 1949
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 59
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #80, 1949
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #126, 1949
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 452
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 547
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 398
- Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #13
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 475
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 6
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 243
- Mann, 2006, p. 246
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 91
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 67
- Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #25
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 63
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 123
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 41
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 561
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 224
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 434
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 494
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 168
- Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #128
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 157
- Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #15, July, 1948. Moved to the land of Qannir in 1949.
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 56
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 415
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 311
- Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #14
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 419
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 74
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 504
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 552
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 284
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 161
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 24
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 435
- Khalidi, 1992, pp. 154-155
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 333
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 176
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 191
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 32
- Khalidi, 1992, p. 567
- Khalidi. 1992, p. 562
- Morris, 2004, pp. 423, 514, 536
References
- Noga Kadman (7 September 2015). Erased from Space and Consciousness: Israel and the Depopulated Palestinian Villages of 1948. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-01682-9.
- Ghazi Falah (1996) The 1948 Israeli-Palestinian War and its Aftermath: The Transformation and De-Signification of Palestine's Cultural Landscape, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 86:2, 256–285, DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1996.tb01753.x
- Abu Sitta, Salman (2006). "Map and Grab". Journal of Palestine Studies. XXXV (2): 101–102. ISSN 0377-919X.
- Abu Sitta, Salman (2010). Atlas of Palestine (PDF). Vol. I. Palestine Land Society. pp. 108–115.
- Morris, Benny (2008). 1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12696-9. See in particular pp. xiv–xviii, where Morris lists 389 Palestinian villages depopulated by massacres, expulsions, military assault, or flight.
- Morris, Benny. 1948: The First Arab–Israeli War. Yale University Press, 2008.
- Khalidi, Walid (1992). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 978-0-88728-224-9.
- Shavit, Ari. Deir Yasian: Survival of the Fittest, interview with Benny Morris, Haaretz, January 9, 2004.
- Davis, Rochelle A. (2011). Palestinian Village Histories: Geographies of the Displaced. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. ISBN 978-0-8047-7312-6.
- Mann, Barbara E. (2006). A Place in History: Modernism, Tel Aviv, and the Creation of Jewish Urban Space. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-5019-6.