Foreign relations of the Gambia

The Gambia followed a formal policy of non-alignment throughout most of former President Dawda Jawara's tenure. It maintained close relations with the United Kingdom, Senegal, and other African countries. The July 1994 coup strained The Gambia's relationship with Western powers, particularly the United States. Starting in 1995, President Yahya Jammeh established diplomatic relations with several additional countries, including Libya, the Republic of China (on Taiwan, before 2013), and Cuba. During his last years, the EU grew increasingly intolerant of Jammeh's iron-fist rule. Consequently, Brussels withheld millions of Euros to The Gambia. Jammeh fired back by expelling the EU's top diplomat in the country after he had accused the bloc and human rights activists of conniving to besmirch the image of his government for its stance on homosexuality.[1]

Countries with which the Gambia maintains diplomatic relations with

Politics of the Gambia
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Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
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Bilateral relations

Africa
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Algeria The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[2]
 Angola 3 September 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 September 2021 signed Joint Communique in Addis Ababa[3][4]
 Benin The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[5]
 Botswana The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[6]
 Burkina Faso The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[7]
 Burundi 15 October 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 October 2021 signed Joint Communique in Addis Ababa[8][9]
 Cameroon 8 March 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 March 1975[10][11]
 Cape Verde The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[12]
 Chad 31 August 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 August 2021 signed Joint Communique in Addis Ababa[3][4]
 Comoros 11 October 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 October 2021.[13]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[14]
 Republic of the Congo 17 June 2022 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 June 2022.[15]
 Cote d'Ivoire 8 August 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 August 1975.[16]
 Djibouti 1 July 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 2021.[4]
 Equatorial Guinea 29 May 2022 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 May 2022.[17]
 Ethiopia 17 October 1966 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 October 1966.[18]
 Gabon 1 September 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 September 2021.[3][4]
 Ghana The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[19]
 Guinea The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[20]
 Guinea-Bissau The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[21]
 Kenya The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[22]
 Liberia The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[23]
 Libya The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[24]
 Malawi 19 February 2019 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 2019.[25]
 Mali 21 June 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 June 1971 when Gambia's first Ambassador to Mali , Mr. Samuel Jonathan Okiki Sarr , presented his credentials to the Head of States , Lieut. Traore.[26]
 Mauritania The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[27]
 Mauritius 4 March 2003 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 March 2003.[28]
 Morocco The two countries maintain diplomatic relations and the Gambia supports Morocco in regards to the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.[29]
 Namibia The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[30]
 Niger Both countries were members of ECOWAS.[31]
 Nigeria 28 May 1965[32] The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[32]
 Rwanda The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[33]
 Senegal 13 May 1965[32] Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 May 1965.[32]
 Sierra Leone 10 December 1966[32] Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1966.[32]
 Somalia The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[34]
 South Africa 7 August 1998 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 August 1998[35]
 Sudan The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[36]
 Tanzania The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[37]
 Togo 10 May 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 May 1977[38]
 Tunisia 1972[39] The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[40]
 Uganda The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[41]
 Zambia The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[42]
 Zimbabwe 19 July 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 July 2012.[43]

Asia
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Armenia 9 October 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 October 2018.[44]
 Azerbaijan 11 November 1994 See Azerbaijan-Gambia relations

On November 11, 1994, Azerbaijan and the Gambia signed the Protocol on the establishment of diplomatic relations.[45]

 Bahrain 6 February 1983 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 February 1983.[46]
 Bangladesh Bangladesh and Gambia maintain diplomatic relations.[47]
 Brunei 21 January 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 January 2016.[48]
 Cambodia 28 April 2010 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 April 2010.[28]
 China 14 December 1974[49] See China–Gambia relations

China and Gambia reestablished diplomatic relations on 17 March 2016.[50]

 Georgia 21 April 2010 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 April 2010.[28]
 India 25 June 1965 See Gambia–India relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1965[51]

 Indonesia 30 May 1982 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1982[52]
 Iran Both countries maintain diplomatic relations.[53]
 Iraq Both countries maintain diplomatic relations.[54]
 Israel 3 June 1965[32] Both countries reestablished diplomatic relations on 13 September 1992.[55]
 Japan 18 February 1965 Both countries reestablished diplomatic relations on 18 February 1965.[56]
 Jordan 13 March 2007 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 March 2007.[57]
 Kazakhstan 26 April 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 April 2011.[58]
 Kuwait Both countries maintain diplomatic relations.[59]
 Kyrgyzstan 30 June 2000 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 2000.[28]
 Lebanon 24 May 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 May 1965.[60]
 Malaysia 1981 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1981[61]

See Gambia–Malaysia relations

The Malaysian embassy in Dakar is accredited to The Gambia while the Gambian embassy in Abu Dhabi is accredited to Malaysia. The relations are friendly and warm.[62]

 Maldives 3 July 1989 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 July 1989.[63]
 Mongolia 22 December 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 December 2011.[28]
 Myanmar 13 January 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 January 2011.[28]
   Nepal 24 May 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 May 2022.[28]
 North Korea 2 March 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 March 1973[64]
 Oman Both countries maintain diplomatic relations.[65]
 Pakistan 1967 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1967.[66]
 State of Palestine 18 November 1988 Gambia and the State of Palestine maintain diplomatic relations.[67]
 Philippines 26 June 1996 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1996.[68]
 Qatar 22 January 1978 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1978.[69]
 Saudi Arabia 9 May 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 May 1974.[70]
 Singapore 23 January 2015 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 January 2015.[28]
 South Korea 21 April 1965 Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the Gambia were formally established on 21 April 1965. As of 2011, there were 24 South Koreans living in Gambia.[71]
 Sri Lanka 10 May 2019 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 May 2019.[28]
 Taiwan — See Gambia–Taiwan relations

The Gambia firstly established diplomatic relations with the Republic of China (Taiwan) in 1968, three years after The Gambia gained its independence from the United Kingdom.[1]

In 1974, The Gambia switched diplomatic relations from ROC to the People's Republic of China but switched again back to ROC in 1995. In December 2006, the Premier of the Republic of China (Taiwan) completed an official visit to the Gambia in part to pay respects to President Jammeh's inaugural ceremony and to donate funds for medical purposes. The Gambian Secretary of State reciprocated with an official visit to Taiwan. There have been several occasional official visits between the two countries. The People's Republic of China cut ties with the Gambia in 1995 after the latter established diplomatic links with the Republic of China (Taiwan). After 18 years, however, Gambian President Yahya Jammeh announced the breaking of diplomatic ties with ROC to recognize PRC on 14 November 2013 citing national strategic interest, immediately even after receiving US$6.6  million worth of aid from the Republic of China (Taiwan) earlier. The ROC officially terminated its ties with The Gambia four days later on 18 November 2013.[72] In an unprecedented move, however, the PRC did not respond to Gambia's offer to establish diplomatic relations, presumably because of its desire to improve relations with Taiwan.[72] The PRC and Gambia reestablished diplomatic relations on 17 March 2016.[1]

 Tajikistan 18 December 2017 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 December 2017.[73]
 Thailand 15 February 1985 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 February 1985.[74]
 Turkey 18 February 1965[75]
 Turkmenistan 9 August 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 August 2012.[28]
 United Arab Emirates Both countries maintain diplomatic relations.[76]
 Vietnam 30 October 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 October 1973.[77]
 Yemen 28 March 1985 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1985.[78]

Americas
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Argentina 15 January 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1980.[79]
 Belize 22 September 2023 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 2023[80]
 Brazil 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1965.[81]
 Canada 1966 Diplomatic relations were established in 1966.[82]
 Chile Chile and the Gambia maintain diplomatic relations.[83]
 Colombia 3 October 1988 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1988.[28]
 Costa Rica 26 October 1999 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 October 1999.[28]
 Cuba 19 May 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 May 1979.[84][85]
 Dominica 26 July 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 2012.[28]
 Dominican Republic 10 May 2019 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 May 2019.[86][87]
 Ecuador 1 December 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 2011.[28]
 Guatemala 25 September 2006 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2006.[28]
 Guyana 24 September 2009 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 September 2009.[28]
 Jamaica 29 November 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 2011.[28]
 Mexico 15 August 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 August 1975[88]
  • Mexico is accredited to The Gambia from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.[89]
 Nicaragua 8 July 2019 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 July 2019.[28]
 Paraguay 22 April 2010 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 April 2010.[90]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 6 June 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 June 2016.[91]
 Saint Lucia 13 April 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 April 2016.[92]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2 March 2019 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 March 2009.[93]
 Suriname 17 October 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 October 1977.[94]
 United States 9 August 1965 See Gambia–United States relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 August 1965[95]

U.S. policy seeks to build improved relations with the Gambia on the basis of historical ties, mutual respect, democratic rule, human rights, and adherence to UN resolutions on counterterrorism, conflict diamonds, and other forms of trafficking. In accordance with U.S. law, most direct bilateral development and military assistance to the Gambia was suspended because of the 1994 coup d'état. U.S. assistance continues, however, in the form of food aid administered through Catholic Relief Services, support for democracy and human rights projects, and the financing of girls' secondary education. In addition, the Peace Corps maintains a large program with about eighty volunteers engaged in the environment, public health, and education sectors, mainly at the village level.

The Gambia is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

 Uruguay 25 September 2007 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2007.[28]
 Venezuela 17 August 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 August 1974.[96]

Europe
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Austria The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[97]
 Belarus 10 April 2002 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 April 2002.[28]
 Belgium Gambia has an embassy in Brussels.[98]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 12 July 1996 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 July 1996.[99]
 Croatia 16 October 1998 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 October 1998.[28]
 Cyprus 8 December 2000 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 December 2000.[28]
 Czech Republic 1972 Czechoslovakia and Gambia established diplomatic relations in 1972.[100]
 Denmark January 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations in January 1979.[101]
 Estonia 30 May 2001 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 2001.[102]
 Finland 1 September 1988 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 September 1988.[103]
 France 31 May 1965 Diplomatic relations were established on 31 MAy 1965.[32]
 Germany 26 April 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 April 1965.[104]
 Greece The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[105]
 Holy See 7 June 1978 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 June 1978.[106]
 Hungary 14 June 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 June 1971.[107]
 Iceland 11 May 2004 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 May 2004.[28]
 Ireland 29 May 2001 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 May 2001.[28]
 Italy Italy is represented in Gambia through its embassy in Dakar, Senegal.[108]
 Kosovo 23 September 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 September 2016.[109]
 Latvia 12 March 1998 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 March 1998.[110]
 Lithuania 17 February 2000 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 February 2000.[28]
 Luxembourg Gambia is represented in Luxembourg through its embassy in Brussels.[98]
 Malta 21 October 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 October 1976.[111]
 Moldova 12 June 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 June 2012.[28]
 Montenegro 16 August 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 2012.[28]
 Netherlands 20 February 1967[112] Gambia is represented in the Netherlands through its embassy in Brussels.[98]
 North Macedonia 29 September 1998 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 September 1998.[113]
 Norway 8 February 1983 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 February 1983.[114]
 Poland 21 January 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 January 1975.[115]
 Portugal 8 September 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 September 1976.[116]
 Romania 30 July 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 1971.[117]
 Russia 17 July 1965 See Gambia–Russia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 July 1965.[118]

 San Marino 29 October 2004 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 October 2004.[119]
 Serbia 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1965.[120]
 Slovakia 18 August 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 August 1995.[121]
 Slovenia 25 August 2005 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 August 2005.[28]
 Spain 14 August 1965 See Gambia–Spain relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 August 1965[122]

 Sweden Gambia and Sweden maintain diplomatic relations.[47]
  Switzerland Gambia and Switzerland maintain diplomatic relations.[47]
 Ukraine 2 July 1999 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 July 1999.[28]
 United Kingdom 18 February 1965[32] An 1889 agreement with France established the present boundaries. The Gambia became a British Crown Colony, British Gambia, divided for administrative purposes into the colony (city of Banjul and the surrounding area) and the protectorate (remainder of the territory). The Gambia received its own executive and legislative councils in 1901 and gradually progressed toward self-government. It passed a 1906 ordinance abolishing slavery.

During World War II, Gambian troops fought with the Allies in Burma. Banjul (then named Bathurst) served as an air stop for the U.S. Army Air Corps and a port of call for Allied naval convoys. U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt stopped overnight in Banjul en route to and from the Casablanca Conference in 1943, marking the first visit to the African continent by a sitting American president.

After World War II, the pace of constitutional reform increased. Following general elections in 1962, the United Kingdom granted full internal self-governance in the following year. The Gambia achieved independence on 18 February 1965, as a constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth of Nations.

Pacific
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Australia The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[123]
 Fiji 24 October 2014 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 October 2014.[28]
 Kiribati 27 September 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 2012.[124]
 Nauru 27 September 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 2012.[124]
 Solomon Islands 19 May 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 May 2011.[125]
 Tuvalu 26 July 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 2012.[28]

The Gambia and the Commonwealth of Nations

The Gambia was a member of the Commonwealth of Nations from its independence in 1965 until its withdrawal in October 2013.[126]

After presidential elections in 2016, the winning candidate Adama Barrow promised to return The Gambia to the Commonwealth.[127] On 14 February 2017, The Gambia began the process of returning and formally presented its application to re-join to Secretary-General Patricia Scotland on 22 January 2018.[128][129] Boris Johnson, who became the first British Foreign Secretary to visit The Gambia since the country gained independence in 1965,[130] announced that the British government welcomed The Gambia's return to the Commonwealth.[130]

See also

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