Gol Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes

Gol Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes S.A ("Gol Intelligent Airlines S.A." also known as VRG Linhas Aéreas S/A) is a Brazilian low-cost airline based in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.[4] According to the National Civil Aviation Agency of Brazil (ANAC), between January and December 2019 Gol had 37.7% of the domestic and 3.8% of the international market shares in terms of passengers per kilometer flown, making it the largest domestic and third largest international airline in Brazil.[5][6]

Gol Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes S.A.
IATA ICAO Callsign
G3 GLO GOL
Founded2000 (2000)
Commenced operations15 January 2001 (2001-01-15)
AOC #156 - November 5, 2019[1]
Hubs
Focus cities
Frequent-flyer programSmiles
SubsidiariesMAP Linhas Aéreas
Fleet size146
Destinations75
Parent companyAbra Group
Traded asB3: GOLL4
NYSE: GOL
HeadquartersRio de Janeiro, Brazil[2]
Key people
RevenueIncrease R$ 7.4 billion (2021)[3]
Net incomeDecrease US$ -200.8 million (2018)
Employees13,969 (2021)[3]
Websitevoegol.com
The airline's previous logo used from 2001-2015

Gol competes in Brazil and other South American countries primarily with LATAM Brasil, and Azul. It also owns the brand Varig, although now that name refers to what is informally known as the "new" Varig, founded in 2006, not to the extinct "old" Varig airline, founded in 1927.

Gol operates a growing domestic and international scheduled network. Its main hubs are São Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport, Rio de Janeiro–Galeão International Airport and Tancredo Neves International Airport near Belo Horizonte. Gol also has focus operations at Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont Airport, São Paulo-Congonhas Airport, Salgado Filho International Airport in Porto Alegre. Gol refers to itself as GOL Intelligent Airlines (GOL Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes in Portuguese) as a slogan.[7] The company is traded on the New York Stock Exchange as "GOL Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes S.A.".[8]

The company's name is a Brazilian Portuguese word borrowing from the English word "goal" from Association football.[9] The company slogan is Nova Gol. Novos tempos no ar. (in Brazilian Portuguese); New Gol, New times on air. (in English).

History

The Boeing 737-700 airplane used in GOL's second commercial flight, showing the company's brand.
Gol ticket counter at Brasilia International Airport

The airline was established in 2000 as Gol Transportes Aéreos S.A. and started operations on 15 January 2001 with a flight from Brasília to São Paulo.[10] It is a subsidiary of the Brazilian conglomerate Grupo Áurea, based in Minas Gerais state, which has other transportation interests, including Brazil's largest long-distance bus company. Grupo Áurea in turn is owned by the Constantino family. Constantino Júnior was responsible for building the business next to the vice president of the company, David Barioni.[11][12]

In 2007, Gol was owned by AeroPar Participações (75.5%), Venture (17.6%), American International Group (5.4%) and Air France-KLM (1.5%).[13] The growth in GOL's stock price made the Constantino family a member of the Forbes magazine billionaire list in 2005.

In 2007, Gol was supposed to begin a code-share agreement with TAP Portugal, opening the European market to the Brazilian airline, and the internal Brazilian market to the Portuguese airline (the largest foreign airline in Brazil). Instead, TAP Portugal chose to cooperate with TAM Airlines.[14]

On 24 February 2010 Gol announced it was in "advanced talks" to join the Oneworld alliance,[15] which would allow it to catch up with rival TAM, a recent member of Star Alliance. However, on 6 October 2010, the airline announced a change in position by denying any interest in joining an alliance, preferring to remain independent and to establish a "patchwork of code-sharing agreements.".[16] Following this trend, on 28 September 2011 Gol and Aerolíneas Argentinas announced the intention to implement a codeshare, feeder and frequent flyer programs agreement on a date yet to be announced and pending approval from the governments of Brazil and Argentina.[17]

On 18 March 2010 Gol unveiled the expansion of its maintenance base located at Belo Horizonte/Confins - Tancredo Neves International Airport. Originally opened in 2006 with the capacity to service 60 aircraft per year (mainly Boeing 737 and 767), the expansion allowed Gol to increase the number to 120.[18] Gol later started also using the base to service aircraft from other airlines, and as of 2013 it also serviced airplanes from Azul Brazilian Airlines and Copa Airlines.[19][20]

On 23 December 2010, Gol Airlines started an operational partnership with Brazilian carrier Passaredo Linhas Aéreas. The agreement was rescinded on 31 July 2014, when Passaredo established a similar interline agreement with TAM Airlines instead.[21]

On 7 December 2011, Gol announced the intention of Delta Air Lines to purchase 3% of its shares.[22] The agreement also includes the creation of mutual code-share flights, alignment of frequent flyer benefits and transfer of GOL's Boeing 767s lease agreements to Delta.[23]

On 1 October 2012, Gol confirmed a firm order of 60 Boeing 737 MAXs. References did not specify the type of MAX aircraft.[24][25]

On 6 October 2012, Gol started seasonal operations to Miami and Orlando, available for Smiles account holders and originating in Brazil only. Technically, they are considered charter flights, although they are not necessarily part of an inclusive tour package; the use of miles or miles plus money is mandatory, as well as a minimum 7-day stay at the destination.[26]

In February 2014, Air France–KLM announced it would invest $100 million in Gol Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes in advance of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympics.[27]

Some disagreement exists as to whether Gol is a low-cost carrier. In 2014, Gol was ranked the second-best low-cost airline in South America after Azul.[28] Gol refers to itself as a low-cost carrier, but it is increasingly not regarded as such. According to UFRJ specialist Elton Fernandes, "GOL's costs are not very different from those of TAM Airlines. People are accustomed to calling Gol low-cost, but Gol is not that. It is not even low-fare anymore.".[29]

On 26 September 2019, Delta announced that it will exit its minority stake in GOL, following Delta acquiring 20% stake of LATAM Airlines Group.[30]

Celso Ferrer became the CEO of the Brazilian airline 1 July 2022.[31]

In March 2023, Gol reduced frequencies in Fortaleza as well as cancelled the Fortaleza airline's hub.[32]

Purchase of Varig

On 28 March 2007 Gol officially purchased part of the assets of VARIG - VRG Linhas Aéreas, informally known as the "new Varig," a new company that owned the Varig brand, for US$320 million from Volo Group and MatlinPatterson Global Opportunities hedge fund. At that time, the "old Varig" was under bankruptcy protection. Gol Linhas Aereas Inteligentes SA posted a first quarter loss of 3.5 million Reais (2 million US dollars) after revenues of 1.6 billion Reais (one billion US dollars).

Gol announced that the Varig brand would continue doing business operating as such, rather than its official name VRG Linhas Aéreas.[33] The transaction, via its GTI subsidiary, required a US$98 million cash payment, with the balance through the allocation of non-voting shares to VARIG Logística and Volo, which had acquired VARIG in June 2006 for US$24 million.[34] The transaction did not involve the original airline, informally known as "old Varig," which continued to exist until its own bankruptcy in mid-2010 under the name Flex Linhas Aéreas.

In 2009 Gol was merged into VRG Linhas Aéreas. VRG Linhas Aéreas thus became an airline that operates two brands: Gol and Varig, although in reality flights are operated only under Gol flight numbers. Initially, the Varig brand operated to medium-haul scheduled and charter international destinations within South America and to the Caribbean with Boeing 737-700's configured in two classes, and to long-haul charter international destinations in North America, Europe and Africa with Boeing 767-300ERs configured in economy only. The latter were also used in wet-lease operations.[35] This scheme was later dropped. The brand Gol operates most of the flights of the network, and had aircraft configured in all-economy class, used for scheduled domestic and international operations within South America.

Because of contractual obligations, between 2006 and 2009 the "new Varig" (VRG Linhas Aéreas) was obliged to purchase a minimum of 140 hours/month of services from the "old Varig" (Flex Linhas Aéreas). Therefore, at that time, some of VRG Linhas Aéreas flights operated with Gol flight numbers but were actually flown with chartered aircraft from Flex Linhas Aéreas. The agreement ceased before the bankruptcy of Flex on 20 August 2010.[36]

Purchase of Webjet Linhas Aéreas

On 9 July 2011, VRG Linhas Aéreas, owner of the brands Gol and Varig, announced the intention to purchase full control of WebJet Linhas Aéreas.[37] The purchase contract was signed on 2 August 2011.[38] On 10 October 2012 the purchase received its final approval with some operational restrictions from the Brazilian regulatory agency.[39] Services were integrated but both companies continued to operate independently for some weeks.[40][41] Integration started on 17 October 2012 when sales requested via Webjet's web-portal started to be redirected to GOL's site.[42] However, on 23 November 2012 Webjet abruptly ceased to operate and all services were incorporated by GOL. The Webjet brand ceased to exist.[40][41] Gol also announced its intention to return all of Webjet's Boeing 737-300s to lessors until the end of the first quarter of 2013. There was no mention to the fate of Webjet's 737-800s.[43]

Partnership with TwoFlex

On 12 April 2019, Gol announced an adapted Essential Air Service partnership with TwoFlex in which the latter would operate feeder services on behalf of Gol in the States of Amazonas, Pará and Mato Grosso using the Cessna 208 Caravan. The flights are marketed by Gol in its reservation platform but operated by TwoFlex and integrated into the network of Gol. This partnership greatly increased the number of Gol destinations in these three States.[44] However, on 14 January 2020 Azul Brazilian Airlines signed an agreement to purchase Twoflex.[45] On 27 March 2020 the Brazilian regulatory bodies gave the nihil obstat to the purchase[46] and sale of flights started on 14 April 2020.[47] thus ending the partnership.

Purchase of MAP Linhas Aéreas

MAP ATR 72

On 8 June 2021 Gol Linhas Aéreas announced the purchase of MAP Linhas Aéreas from Voepass Linhas Aéreas. The transaction included 26 slots at São Paulo–Congonhas Airport belonging to MAP and Voepass. MAP's Amazonian operations and much of its fleet would be transferred to Voepass.[48]

Operational agreement with VoePass

Between August 2021 and May 2023 Gol and VoePass has an operational agreement in which the latter operated certain routes for the former.[49]

Destinations

As of July 2023, Gol Transportes Aéreos serves the following destinations:[50]

Country City Airport Notes Refs and Notes
ArgentinaBarilocheTeniente Luis Candelaria AirportTerminated
Buenos AiresAeroparque Jorge Newbery[51]
Ministro Pistarini International Airport[52]
CórdobaIngeniero Aeronáutico Ambrosio L.V. Taravella International Airport[53]
MendozaGovernor Francisco Gabrielli International Airport[54]
RosarioIslas Malvinas International Airport[55]
ArubaOranjestadQueen Beatrix International AirportTerminated
BarbadosBridgetownGrantley Adams International AirportTerminated
BoliviaSanta Cruz de la SierraViru Viru International Airport[56]
BrazilAltamiraAltamira AirportTerminated
AracajuSanta Maria Airport
AraçatubaAraçatuba Airport
AraguaínaAraguaína AirportTerminatedOperated by Voepass
BarreirasBarreiras AirportTerminatedOperated by Voepass
BauruBauru AirportTerminated
BelémVal de Cans International AirportFocus city
Belo HorizontePampulha – Carlos Drummond de Andrade AirportTerminated
Tancredo Neves International Airport
Boa VistaBoa Vista International Airport
BonitoBonito Airport
BrasíliaBrasília International AirportHub
Cabo FrioCabo Frio International AirportTerminated[57]
Caldas NovasCaldas Novas Airport
Campina GrandeCampina Grande Airport
CampinasViracopos International Airport
Campo GrandeCampo Grande International Airport
Carajás (Parauapebas)Carajás Airport
CascavelRegional West Airport
Caxias do SulHugo Cantergiani Regional Airport
ChapecóSerafin Enoss Bertaso Airport
Cruzeiro do SulCruzeiro do Sul International Airport
CuiabáMarechal Rondon International Airport
CuritibaAfonso Pena International Airport
DouradosFrancisco de Matos Pereira AirportTerminated
Fernando de NoronhaFernando de Noronha AirportTerminated[58]
FlorianópolisHercílio Luz International Airport
FortalezaPinto Martins – Fortaleza International Airport
Foz do IguaçuFoz do Iguaçu International Airport
GoiâniaSanta Genoveva Airport
IlhéusIlhéus Jorge Amado Airport
ImperatrizImperatriz AirportTerminated
IpatingaVale do Aço Regional AirportTerminatedOperated by Voepass
JericoacoaraComte. Ariston Pessoa Regional Airport
João PessoaPresidente Castro Pinto International Airport
JoinvilleJoinville-Lauro Carneiro de Loyola Airport
Juazeiro do NorteOrlando Bezerra de Menezes Airport
Juiz de ForaZona da Mata Regional Airport
LençóisCoronel Horácio de Mattos AirportTerminatedOperated by Voepass
LondrinaLondrina Airport
MacapáMacapá International Airport
MaceióZumbi dos Palmares International Airport
ManausEduardo Gomes International AirportFocus city
MarabáMarabá Airport
MaringáMaringá Regional Airport
Montes ClarosMontes Claros Airport
NatalAugusto Severo International AirportAirport Closed
Governador Aluízio Alves International Airport
NavegantesMinistro Victor Konder International Airport
PalmasPalmas Airport
Passo FundoLauro Kurtz Airport
Paulo AfonsoPaulo Afonso AirportTerminatedOperated by Voepass
PelotasPelotas International AirportTerminatedOperated by Voepass
PetrolinaPetrolina Airport
Porto AlegreSalgado Filho International Airport
Porto SeguroPorto Seguro Airport
Porto VelhoGovernador Jorge Teixeira de Oliveira International Airport
Presidente PrudentePresidente Prudente Airport
RecifeRecife/Guararapes–Gilberto Freyre International Airport
Ribeirão PretoLeite Lopes Airport
Rio BrancoRio Branco International Airport
Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro–Galeão International AirportFocus city
Santos Dumont AirportFocus city
Rio VerdeGal. Leite de Castro AirportTerminated
RondonópolisMaestro Marinho Franco AirportTerminatedOperated by Voepass
Salvador da BahiaDeputado Luís Eduardo Magalhães International AirportHub
Santa MariaSanta Maria AirportTerminatedOperated by Voepass
SantarémSantarém-Maestro Wilson Fonseca Airport
Santo ÂngeloSepé Tiaraju AirportTerminatedOperated by Voepass
São José dos CamposSão José dos Campos AirportTerminated
São José do Rio PretoProf. Eribelto Manoel Reino Airport
São LuísMarechal Cunha Machado International Airport
São PauloSão Paulo–Congonhas AirportHub
São Paulo/Guarulhos International AirportHub
SinopSinop Airport
SorrisoAdolino Bedin AirportTerminatedOperated by Voepass
TeresinaTeresina Airport
Teixeira de Freitas9 de maio AirportTerminatedOperated by Voepass
UberabaUberaba Airport
UberlândiaUberlândia Airport
UruguaianaRuben Berta International AirportTerminatedOperated by Voepass
VitóriaEurico de Aguiar Salles Airport
Vitória da ConquistaPedro Otacílio Figueiredo AirportAirport Closed
Glauber Rocha Airport
ChileSantiagoArturo Merino Benítez International AirportTerminated
ColombiaBogotáEl Dorado International AirportTerminated
CuraçaoWillemstadCuraçao International AirportTerminated
Dominican RepublicLa RomanaLa Romana International AirportTerminated
Punta CanaPunta Cana International Airport[59]
Santo DomingoLas Américas International AirportTerminated
EcuadorQuitoMariscal Sucre International AirportTerminated
MexicoCancúnCancún International AirportTerminated[60]
ParaguayAsunciónSilvio Pettirossi International Airport[61]
PerúLimaJorge Chávez International AirportTerminated
SurinamParamariboJohan Adolf Pengel International Airport[62]
Trinidad and TobagoScarboroughArthur Napoleon Raymond Robinson International AirportTerminated
United StatesFort LauderdaleFort Lauderdale–Hollywood International AirportTerminated
MiamiMiami International Airport[63]
New York CityJohn F. Kennedy International AirportTerminated
OrlandoOrlando International Airport[64]
UruguayMontevideoCarrasco/General Cesáreo L. Berisso International Airport[65]
Punta del EsteCapitán de Corbeta Carlos A. Curbelo International AirportTerminated
VenezuelaCaracasSimón Bolívar International AirportTerminated

Additionally, Gol operates dedicated executive bus services between São Paulo airports for its passengers and affiliate airlines:[66]

Codeshare agreements

Gol has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:[67]

Fleet

Current fleet

As of September 2022, Gol operates an all-Boeing 737 fleet, consisting of the following aircraft:[71][72]

Aircraft In service Orders Passengers Notes
Y+ Y Total
Boeing 737-700 19 42 104 144
Boeing 737-800 84 36 150 186
Boeing 737 MAX 8 38 92[73][74] 36 144 180 Order with 100 options and 100 purchase rights.[75]
PR-XMR in sustainability livery.[76]
42 144 186
Gol Cargo fleet
Boeing 737-800BCF 1 5 Cargo [77][78]
Total 142 97

Former fleet

Gol formerly operated the following aircraft:

Aircraft Total Introduced Retired Notes
Boeing 737-300 15 2004 2011
Boeing 767-200ER 1 2010 2011
Boeing 767-300ER 4 2009 2011

Airline Affinity Program

Smiles is GOL/Varig's Frequent-flyer program since 20 July 2006. Points can be used for services from GOL/Varig, and partners Aerolíneas Argentinas, Aeromexico, Air Canada, Air Europa, Air France, Alitalia, American Airlines, Avianca, British Airways, Copa Airlines, Emirates, Etihad, Iberia, KLM, Qatar Airways and TAP Air Portugal, including flights, upgrades, holidays, hotel stays and car rentals. Smiles was part of the "new Varig" package bought by GOL, which honored all miles and eventually became its own frequent-flyer program. Previously Gol had no such program.

On a study conducted in 2011, Smiles ranked third among 24 chosen frequent flyer programs, with 97.1% success of requests made.[79]

In 2013, Smiles was spun off as an independent company eventually leading to its IPO at BOVESPA in April 2013.[80][81]

Accidents and incidents

See also

References

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