HLA-DR5

HLA-DR5 (DR5) is a broad-antigen serotype that is further split into HLA-DR11 and HLA-DR12 antigen serotypes.

Illustration of HLA-DR

HLA-DR5 (Human Leukocyte Antigen DR5) is a protein that is encoded by a gene in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. The HLA complex is a group of genes located on chromosome 6 that plays a critical role in the immune system. HLA-DR5 is a type of HLA class II molecule that is expressed on the surface of immune cells called dendritic cells and monocytes.

HLA-DR5 is involved in the presentation of peptides, which are short chains of amino acids, to T cells, a type of immune cell that plays a key role in the immune response. When HLA-DR5 exposes a peptide to a T cell, it can activate the T cell and initiate an immunological response to the peptide.

HLA-DR5 has been the focus of research in the field of immunology due to its potential role in the development of autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and in the response to certain infections, such as HIV. In addition, HLA-DR5 has also been studied in the context of organ transplantation, as HLA matching is important in determining the success of a transplant.

Serology
DR11, DR5 and DR12 recognition of the gene products of some DRB1*11 and DRB1*12 alleles[1]
DRB1*DR11 DR5DR12Sample
allele % % %size (N)
11:019253474
11:02893430
11:03894397
11:048742119
11:05754
11:06207315
11:07>501
11:08>502
11:0980205
.
DR12 DR5DR11Sample
12:018342893 [2]
12:0289162
12:03>503
12:06>502

Except for a few DRB1* alleles, the reactivity of DR5 is relatively poor.

Disease associations

DR5 is associated with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy[3] and Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS,[4] juvenile rheumatoid arthritis,[5][6] pernicious anemia, Hashimoto's thyroiditis,[7][8] mycosis fungoides,[9] polyglandular deficiency syndrome,[10] systemic sclerosis,[11][12] childhood epilepsy,[13] early-onset alopecia areata,[14] short-ragweed Ra6 allergy,[15] primary antiphospholipid syndrome,[16] and increased longevity in the Dutch.[17]

Genetic linkage

HLA-DR5 reactive gene products are linked to serology of HLA-DRB3 (HLA-DR52).

References
  1. derived from IMGT/HLA
  2. DR8 - 2%
  3. Raffoux C, David V, Couderc L, Rabian C, Clauvel J, Seligmann M, Colombani J (1987). "HLA-A, B and DR antigen frequencies in patients with AIDS-related persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) and thrombocytopenia". Tissue Antigens. 29 (1): 60–2. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1987.tb01550.x. PMID 3495904.
  4. Pollack M, Safai B, Myskowski P, Gold J, Pandey J, Dupont B (1983). "Frequencies of HLA and Gm immunogenetic markers in Kaposi's sarcoma". Tissue Antigens. 21 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1983.tb00364.x. PMID 6601312.
  5. Førre O, Dobloug J, Høyeraal H, Thorsby E (1983). "HLA antigens in juvenile arthritis. Genetic basis for the different subtypes". Arthritis Rheum. 26 (1): 35–8. doi:10.1002/art.1780260106. PMID 6401993.
  6. Suciu-Foca N, Jacobs J, Godfrey M, Woodward K, Khan R, Reed E, Rohowsky C (1980). "HLA-DR5 in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis confined to few joints". Lancet. 2 (8184): 40. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(80)92920-7. PMID 6104257. S2CID 40329624.
  7. Farid N, Sampson L, Moens H, Barnard J (1981). "The association of goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis with HLA-DR5". Tissue Antigens. 17 (3): 265–8. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00700.x. PMID 6947505.
  8. Schleusener H, Schernthaner G, Mayr W, Kotulla P, Bogner U, Finke R, Meinhold H, Koppenhagen K, Wenzel K (1983). "HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR5 associated thyrotoxicosis--two different types of toxic diffuse goiter". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 56 (4): 781–5. doi:10.1210/jcem-56-4-781. PMID 6131902.
  9. Safai B, Myskowski P, Dupont B, Pollack M (1983). "Association of HLA-DR5 with mycosis fungoides". J Invest Dermatol. 80 (5): 395–7. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12553615. PMID 6601679.
  10. Shapiro M, Zamir R, Weiss E, Radnay J, Shenkman L (1987). "The polyglandular deficiency syndrome: a new variant in Persian Jews". J Endocrinol Invest. 10 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1007/bf03347139. PMID 3496374. S2CID 33773103.
  11. Pereira S, Black C, Welsh K, Ansell B, Jayson M, Maddison P, Rowell N (1987). "Autoantibodies and immunogenetics in 30 patients with systemic sclerosis and their families". J Rheumatol. 14 (4): 760–5. PMID 3499513.
  12. Luderschmidt C, Scholz S, Mehlhaff E, König G, Albert E (1987). "Association of progressive systemic scleroderma to several HLA-B and HLA-DR alleles". Arch Dermatol. 123 (9): 1188–91. doi:10.1001/archderm.123.9.1188. PMID 3498440.
  13. Minev M, Martinova F, Belopitova L (1987). "On the association of the HLA system with epilepsy in children". Epilepsia. 28 (1): 74–6. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1987.tb03626.x. PMID 3098558. S2CID 12471018.
  14. Orecchia G, Belvedere M, Martinetti M, Capelli E, Rabbiosi G (1987). "Human leukocyte antigen region involvement in the genetic predisposition to alopecia areata". Dermatologica. 175 (1): 10–4. doi:10.1159/000248775. PMID 3497062.
  15. Marsh D, Freidhoff L, Ehrlich-Kautzky E, Bias W, Roebber M (1987). "Immune responsiveness to Ambrosia artemisiifolia (short ragweed) pollen allergen Amb a VI (Ra6) is associated with HLA-DR5 in allergic humans". Immunogenetics. 26 (4–5): 230–6. doi:10.1007/BF00346517. PMID 3498688. S2CID 25679118.
  16. Vargas-Alarcon G, Granados J, Bekker C, Alcocer-Varela J, Alarcón-Segovia D (1995). "Association of HLA-DR5 (possibly DRB1*1201) with the primary antiphospholipid syndrome in Mexican patients". Arthritis Rheum. 38 (9): 1340–1. doi:10.1002/art.1780380925. PMID 7575732.
  17. Lagaay A, D'Amaro J, Ligthart G, Schreuder G, van Rood J, Hijmans W (1991). "Longevity and heredity in humans. Association with the human leucocyte antigen phenotype". Ann N Y Acad Sci. 621: 78–89. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb16970.x. PMID 1859103. S2CID 83560622.
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