Central Plains Mandarin

Central Plains Mandarin
Central Plains Mandarin
Zhongyuan Guanhua
Region	Yellow River Plain
Native speakers	(170 million cited 1982)[1]
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Chinese Mandarin Central Plains Mandarin; ; ; ;
Writing system	Chinese characters, Xiao'erjing (historical)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
ISO 639-6	zgyu
Linguist List	cmn-zho
Glottolog	huab1238 Central Plain Guanhua; zhon1236 Zhongyuan
Linguasphere	79-AAA-bf

Central Plains Mandarin, or Zhongyuan Mandarin (simplified Chinese: 中原官话; traditional Chinese: 中原官話; pinyin: Zhōngyuán Guānhuà), is a variety of Mandarin Chinese spoken in the central and southern parts of Shaanxi, Henan, southwestern part of Shanxi, southern part of Gansu, far southern part of Hebei, northern Anhui, northern parts of Jiangsu, southern Xinjiang and southern Shandong.[2]

The archaic dialect in Peking opera is a form of Zhongyuan Mandarin.

Among Hui people, Zhongyuan Mandarin is sometimes written with the Arabic alphabet, called Xiao'erjing ("Children's script").

Subdialects

The distribution of core Central Plains Mandarin

Zheng-Kai (鄭開) region: e.g. Kaifeng (開封) dialect, Zhengzhou (鄭州) dialect
Luo-Song (洛嵩) region: e.g. Luoyang dialect (洛陽話)
Nan-Lu (南魯) region: e.g. Nanyang (南陽) dialect
Luo-Xiang (漯項) region: e.g. Zhumadian (駐馬店) dialect
Shang-Fu (商阜) region: e.g. Shangqiu (商丘) dialect, Fuyang (阜陽) dialect
Xin-Beng (信蚌) region: e.g. Xinyang (信陽) dialect, Bengbu (蚌埠) dialect
Yan-He (兗菏) region: e.g. Jining (濟寧) dialect
Xu-Huai (徐淮) region: e.g. Xuzhou dialect (徐州話)
Fenhe (汾河) region: e.g. Linfen (臨汾) dialect, Wanrong (萬榮) dialect
Guanzhong region (关中), e.g. Xi'an (西安) dialect
Qin-Long (秦陇) region: e.g. Xining (西寧) dialect, Dunhuang (敦煌) dialect
Longzhong (陇中) region: e.g. Tianshui (天水) dialect, Dingxi (定西) dialect[3]
Hezhou (河州) Region: e.g. Gangou dialect (甘溝話) (influenced by Monguor)
Nanjiang (南疆) Region: e.g. Yanqi dialect, Tulufan dialect
- Dungan language, written in Cyrillic, introduced many Russian loanwords, spoken mainly in Chu Valley and Fergana Valley in Central Asia

In Central Plains Mandarin, some phonological changes have affected certain syllables but not Standard Chinese.

[p] and [pʰ] have shifted to [p͜f] before the vowel [u].[4]

Standard Mandarin's [t͡ʂ], [t͡ʂʰ] and have shifted to [p͜f] before [u]. [ʂ] has shifted to [f] before [u].

Gu 2009, p. 214.
Chappell 2002, p. 244; Gu 2009, p. 214; Chirkova 2008.
Wang, Menghuan; Ma, Shuzhen; Hu, Axu (2021). Tavana, Madjid; Nedjah, Nadia; Alhajj, Reda (eds.). "Experimental Study on Citation Tone of Dingxi Dialect in Gansu Province". Emerging Trends in Intelligent and Interactive Systems and Applications. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 1304: 340–345. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63784-2_43. ISBN 978-3-030-63784-2. S2CID 230557863.
Mian Yan, Margaret (2006). Introduction To Chinese Dialectology. Germany: LINCOM EUROPA. pp. 73–74.

Chappell, Hilary (2002), "The Universal Syntax of Semantic Primes in Mandarin Chinese", in Goddard, Cliff; Wierzbicka, Anna (eds.), Meaning and Universal Grammar, Studies in Language Companion Series, vol. v. 60, Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins, ISBN 1588112659, ISSN 0165-7763, OCLC 752499720, retrieved 17 November 2014
Gu, Yueguo (2009) [2006], "Chinese", in Brown, Keith; Ogilvie, Sarah (eds.), Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World (1^st ed.), Oxford, England: Elsevier, ISBN 9780080877747, OCLC 264358379, retrieved 17 November 2014
Chirkova, Ekaterina (2008), "Gˇei 'give' in Beijing and beyond" (PDF), Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale, Paris: Centre de recherches linguistiques sur l'Asie orientale (37): 3–42, ISSN 0153-3320, OCLC 793454655, retrieved 20 November 2014

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