Zhangjiakou–Hohhot dialect

Zhangjiakou–Hohhot (simplified Chinese: 张呼片; traditional Chinese: 張呼片; pinyin: Zhānghūpiàn) is a dialect of Jin, one of the principal varieties of Chinese. It is colloquially referred to by native speakers as Cǐdìhuà (此地话; lit.: local speech, or "this-place speech"). It is spoken in the city of Hohhot, in Inner Mongolia, and Zhangjiakou in Hebei Province in China. One of its sub-branches is Hohhot dialect (simplified Chinese: 呼和浩特话; traditional Chinese: 呼和浩特話; pinyin: Hūhéhàotèhuà), which is also locally referred as Hūshìhuà (呼市话; lit. Hu-city speech). The other sub-branch is the Zhangjiakou dialect (simplified Chinese: 张家口话; traditional Chinese: 張家口話; pinyin: Zhāngjiākǒuhuà).[1]

Zhangjiakou–Hohhot
張呼片
Native to	China
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Chinese Jin Zhangjiakou–Hohhot
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	huhe1234  Huhehaote
Location of the Zhangjiakou–Hohhot dialect (yellow) spoken within China

There is notable dialectal variation within the two cities. People in the Jiucheng area (Yuquan District), especially the Muslim Hui minority, speak a dialect very similar to what is heard in neighbouring Shanxi province and is undoubtedly a branch of the Jin linguistic group. The Mandarin dialect in Xincheng District is a branched combination of the Jin, Hebei dialect, Northeastern Mandarin, and elements of the Manchu language, caused by the migration patterns to the region. It has thus created a distinct linguistic style. The two spoken forms of the Hohhot dialect are only partially intelligible to each other.

Like most Jin dialects, the Jiucheng Hohhot dialect uses the glottal stop and is mutually intelligible with many dialects in neighboring Shanxi. In its full-fledged form, however, it is only partially intelligible with Standard Chinese. Arguably the most eccentric sound is the "nge" sound used to express "I". Many expressions in the dialect has crossed over itself with the Mandarin taught in schools to create "Hohhot Mandarin", or what is commonly heard on the street.

Notable features of the Hohhot dialect include:

• A special intonation for yes–no questions, which is characterized by a prolonged contour at the end of the sentence.
• Mandarin completive "ba" (吧) is often changed into "và" (哇) especially in suggestions.
• "ya" (呀) is used at the end of a sentence to form future tense.
• Renjia (人家), an expression used to refer to someone in third person, is pronounced "niá".
• The word that corresponds to the Mandarin "wǒ" ("I") is pronounced "é" or "wě", which is possibly a weak form of the "nge" form. A vulgar slang term for "I' is "yé 爷 ", which is used mostly by less well-educated men, and those who want to sound tough and manly.
• Notable aspiration of p, t, and k sounds.

The above elements are generally seen in the Jin sub-branch of the "raw" Hohhot dialect, which has its own exclusive elements:

• The absence of the "zh", "ch", and "sh" sounds. They are respectively changed into "z", "c" and "s".
• The Mandarin "r" is non-existent. It is replaced with a soft "z" sound.
• "What", (什么 Shénma), is generally pronounced "seng", or "sheng" by local people.
• Na-li, the expression for "over there" is often pronounced "na-ha-r".