Interleukin 34

Interleukin 34 (IL-34) is a protein belonging to a group of cytokines called interleukins. It was originally identified in humans, by large scale screening of secreted proteins; chimpanzee, murine, rat and chicken interleukin 34 orthologs have also been found. The protein is composed of 241 amino acids, 39 kilodaltons in mass, and forms homodimers. IL-34 increases growth or survival of immune cells known as monocytes; it elicits its activity by binding the Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor.

IL34
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4DKC, 4DKD, 4DKE, 4DKF
Identifiers
Aliases	IL34, C16orf77, IL-34, Interleukin 34
External IDs	OMIM: 612081 MGI: 1923777 HomoloGene: 12648 GeneCards: IL34
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 16 (human)[1] Band 16q22.1 Start 70,579,895 bp[1] End 70,660,682 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 8 (mouse)[2] Band 8|8 E1 Start 111,468,461 bp[2] End 111,532,556 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in tibial nerve spleen skin of abdomen sural nerve parotid gland vena cava right coronary artery ascending aorta body of tongue pons Top expressed in superior frontal gyrus lip secondary oocyte proximal tubule morula esophagus hippocampus proper cerebellar cortex duodenum thymus More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding cytokine activity growth factor activity protein binding identical protein binding Cellular component extracellular region extracellular space Biological process positive regulation of monocyte differentiation positive regulation of macrophage differentiation positive regulation of protein phosphorylation innate immune response inflammatory response positive regulation of cell population proliferation immune system process regulation of signaling receptor activity cytokine-mediated signaling pathway microglial cell proliferation positive regulation of gene expression positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 146433 76527 Ensembl ENSG00000157368 ENSMUSG00000031750 UniProt Q6ZMJ4 Q8R1R4 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001172771 NM_001172772 NM_152456 NM_001135100 NM_029646 RefSeq (protein) NP_001166242 NP_001166243 NP_689669 NP_001128572 NP_083922 Location (UCSC) Chr 16: 70.58 – 70.66 Mb Chr 8: 111.47 – 111.53 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of human IL-34 is most abundant in spleen but occurs in several other tissues: thymus, liver, small intestine, colon, prostate gland, lung, heart, brain, kidney, testes, and ovary. The discovery of IL-34 protein in the red pulp of the spleen suggests involvement in growth and development of myeloid cells, consistent with its activity on monocytes. [5]