Jakarta MRT

The Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit (Indonesian: Moda Raya Terpadu Jakarta[lower-alpha 1]) or Jakarta MRT (MRT Jakarta, stylized as mrt jakarta) is a rapid transit system in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia.

Jakarta MRT
Ratangga set 11 departing from Lebak Bulus station
Ratangga set 11 departing from Lebak Bulus station
Overview
Native nameModa Raya Terpadu (MRT) Jakarta[lower-alpha 1]
OwnerProvincial Government of DKI Jakarta
directly and through Perumda Pasar Jaya
Area servedJakarta
Banten and West Java[lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3]
LocaleJakarta, Indonesia
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines1
Line number1 (operational)
1 (under construction)
2 (planned)
Number of stations13 (North–South line, first phase)
Daily ridership107,407[1]
HeadquartersWisma Nusantara, 21st Floor, Jalan Mohammad Husni Thamrin 59, Jakarta, 10350, Indonesia
WebsiteMRT Jakarta
Operation
Began operation24 March 2019 (2019-03-24)
Operator(s)PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta (Perseroda)
CharacterElevated & underground
Number of vehicles16 six-car MRTJ 1000 series trainsets
Headway5 minutes (peak)
10 minutes (off-peak)[2]
Technical
System length15.7 km (9.8 mi)[3]
(current)
159.7 km (99.2 mi) (planned)
Track gauge1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) (North-South line)
1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) (East-West and Other-Ring line) (planned)
Electrification1,500 V DC overhead catenary
Top speed80 km/h (elevated section), 100 km/h (underground section)
System map

The system is operated by PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta (Perseroda), a municipally owned perseroan terbatas of the city of Jakarta. Phase 1 of the project (Lebak Bulus to Bundaran HI) was officially opened on 24 March 2019.[4][5]

Background

Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia, harbouring 10 million inhabitants, one-third of the population of Greater Jakarta. It is estimated that over four million residents of the surrounding Greater Jakarta area commute to and from the city each working day. Transport issues have increasingly begun to attract political attention and it has been foreseen that without a major transportation breakthrough, the city will have complete traffic gridlock by 2020.[6]

As of 2010, public transportation in Jakarta served only 56% of commuter trips.[7] This figure urgently needs to be raised, as the city's 9.5% average annual growth rate of vehicles far exceeds the increase in road length between 2005 and 2010.[8]

Until then, public transportation in the city mainly consists of the TransJakarta bus rapid transit system,[9] the KRL Commuterline commuter rail,[10] and various types of independent buses; starting from the very small bemo and pickup-truck sized mikrolet, to slightly larger minibuses such as the widely used MetroMini and Kopaja minibuses and full sized city buses. There are also both two and four wheeled taxis.

Funding

Phase 1

Phase 1 of the project was funded through a soft loan (Rp16 trillion) (US$1.2 billion) from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) with a 30 years tenure and 0.25% interest per annum.[11] The loan number IP is 536 (signed November 2006) for engineering services. The engineering services loan is a pre-construction loan to prepare the construction phase. It consists of:

  • Basic Design package, managed by the DGR (Directorate General of Railways, Ministry of Transport)
  • Management and Operation package, managed by the Bappeda (Jakarta Regional Planning Board)
  • Construction assistance in tender, managed by the PT MRT Jakarta

Phase 2

Phase 2 was funded through a similar loan scheme with a 40 years tenure, allowing a 10 years grace period. The first stage of phase 2 funding (Rp9.4 trillion) incurred 0.1% interest per annum.[12] Phase 2A funding (Rp25 trillion) will cover a portion of phase 1 excess expenditure (Rp2.5 trillion).

On 24 August 2022, it was announced that the cost required for Phase 2A has been adjusted to Rp26 trillion (US$1.7 billion), up from Rp22.5 trillion. The challenging soil conditions were cited as the reason for the increase.[13]

Phase 3

Phase 3 will be funded by a Japanese investor, in January 2023 it was announced that cost required for Phase 3 is Rp160 trillion (US$10.6 billion).[14]

The Phase 3 will connected from Balaraja to Cikarang. [15]

Phase 4

Phase 4 will be funded by a South Korean consortium led by Korea Overseas Infrastructure and Urban Development Corporation with estimates cost Rp28 trillion (US$1.9 billion).[16][17]

System network

The Jakarta MRT is expected to stretch across over 108 kilometres (67 mi), including 26.7 kilometres (16.6 mi) for the Red line (from Lebak Bulus to Ancol) and 87 kilometres (54 mi) for the Yellow line (from Cikarang to Balaraja).[18] Trains run on the right to match Indonesian railways, which also have a right handed traffic, despite Indonesia has a left handed traffic for roads.

The following table lists the MRT lines that are currently operational, under construction or planned as of April 2023. Planned lines are preliminary and could still be altered before entering construction phase.

Colour and Line Name Phase Service Commencement Terminus Stations Length Depot
Operational
  North-South Line
 1 24 March 2019 Lebak Bulus
Bundaran HI		 13 15.7 km (9.8 mi) Lebak Bulus
Under construction
  North-South Line
 2A 2027/2029 Bundaran HI
Kota		 7 5.8 km (3.6 mi) Lebak Bulus
  North-South Line
 2B TBA Kota
Ancol Barat		 3 5.2 km (3.2 mi) Ancol Barat
Planned
  East-West Line
 3A S1 TBA Ujung Menteng
Tomang		 TBA 24.5 km (15.2 mi) Rorotan (preliminary)
  East-West Line
 3A S2 Tomang
Kembangan		 9.2 km (5.7 mi)
  East-West Line
 3B Kembangan
Balaraja		 29.9 km (18.6 mi) Balaraja (preliminary)
  East-West Line
 3B Cikarang
Ujung Menteng		 20.4 km (12.7 mi) TBD
Outer–Ring Line 4 Fatmawati
TMII		 10 12 km (7.5 mi) Kampung Rambutan (preliminary)
Outer–Ring Line TBD Rawa Buaya
Ujung Menteng		 43 48 km (30 mi)
Jakarta MRT Red line system map

North–South line
MRT train depot in Lebak Bulus Station
Jakarta MRT passengers waiting for the train on the platform

Phase 1

Phase 1 connects Lebak Bulus to Bundaran HI along 15.7 kilometres (9.8 mi) and consists of 13 stations (7 elevated stations and 6 underground stations).[19] The Indonesian Ministry of Transport approved this plan in September 2010 and invited tenders. Construction began in October 2013.[20]

Phase 1 was opened for free service on 24 March 2019. Commercial service began on 1 April 2019.[21] Phase 1 is expected to serve 212,000 passengers per day. This expected capacity may be maxed out to 960,000 per day. The 15.7 kilometres (9.8 mi) distance is covered in under 30 minutes.[22] Within its first month of operations, 82,000 passengers used the line daily.[23]

Phase 2

Phase 2 was initially planned to extend Bundaran HI to Kampung Bandan in North Jakarta. However, land acquisition issues hindered the process, prompting the administration to find an alternative location, which will also be designed to house the train depot.

On 1 January 2019, the president director of MRT Jakarta, William Sabandar said the city administration had decided to make Kota the final station for Phase 2. The extension was then renamed to Phase 2A.

Phase 2A will extend the Red line northwards, from Bundaran HI to Kota and consists of 7 stations over 5.8 kilometres (3.6 mi). The extension was initially planned to be fully operational by March 2026. However, due to problems securing bidders for the construction and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the extension is now targeted to be fully operational by 2028.[24][25]

On 20 February 2019, it was announced that the Red line will be extended further, towards Ancol. The extension was named Phase 2B.[26]

On 17 February 2020, during the signing of contract CP201 for the construction of the first two stations of the Phase 2A extension, the administration announced that Phase 2B will consist of two stations and one depot, and was under feasibility studies, with its construction expected to commence in mid-2022.[27] It has since been delayed. Phase 2B is estimated to cost Rp10 trillion.[28]

Phase 2A construction started on 22 March 2021.[29] During excavation works for the construction of Phase 2A, the remains of tracks used for Jakarta's tramway were found.[30]

East–West line (planned)

A second line is planned to run East–West from Cikarang (West Java) to Balaraja (Banten) via Central Jakarta, with track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in). It is envisioned to be 87 kilometres (54 mi) long. Just like the North-South line, the East-West line will also be built in phases. The line is planned to interchange with the North-South line at Thamrin Station.[31][32] It is currently under architectural design studies and construction was initially expected to begin in 2020, however it has since been delayed and is now targeted to begin in 2024.[33]

Phase 3A

Phase 3A will be further divided into stage 1 along 24.527 kilometers which will go through Tomang, Dukuh Atas, Senen, Perintis to Medan Satria and stage 2 along 9.237 kilometers through Tomang and Kembangan.

Phase 3B

Meanwhile, MRT East-West phase 3B will be divided into East-West Banten along 29,900 kilometers which will go through Kembangan, Kelapa Dua, to Balaraja, and East-West West Java along 20,438 kilometers which will go through Medan Satria and Cikarang.

Outer–Ring Line (planned)

Phase 4 was first brought up in 2020. It will be a separate line connecting Fatmawati to Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, with track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in). On 30 June 2022, MRT Jakarta announced that pre-feasibility and feasibility studies have completed and construction is expected to commence in 2023.[34]

Fares and ticketing
Kartu Jelajah (single trip) by MRT Jakarta

The charged fare for a trip on the MRT starts at Rp3,000, increasing by Rp1,000 for every station passed. A trip spanning the entire existing line in 2019 would cost a passenger Rp14,000.[35]

A refundable Rp15,000 deposit is required to purchase a single journey ticket, in addition to fares required for the journey.

The Jakarta MRT employs a cashless fare payment system. A dedicated contactless smart card known as the 'Jelajah' can be purchased from the ticketing machines or ticket offices located at every station. Other accepted forms of payment include electronic prepaid cards such as the Jak Lingko, E-Money, Brizzi, BNI Tap Cash, Flazz, Jakcard, KAI Commuter Multi Trip Card.[36][37]

Passengers are required to tap their cards at the fare gates when entering and exiting the paid area of the stations.

In addition to payment cards, MRT Jakarta also accepts payment from electronic wallet providers, such as Gopay, OVO, Dana, LinkAja and Astrapay. Users of electronic wallets must connect their wallet with an app provided by MRT Jakarta (MRT-J) and buy single trip tickets in the form of QR codes.[38]

Safety and security
Platform screen doors at ASEAN MRT station

To prevent track incursions, half-height and full-height platform screen doors (PSDs) are installed at platforms of elevated and underground stations respectively.

Trains and stations are equipped with CCTVs, which are monitored from the control room. Medical rooms are also available at every station to provide first-aid to passengers and workers, if necessary.[39] Security officers are regularly stationed at station entrances and platforms.

Every stations are equipped with security X-ray machines and walk through metal detectors for passengers entering the MRT system.[40]

Rolling stock
Main article: MRTJ 1000 series
MRTJ 1000 trainset
Jakarta MRT set 01 departing from Fatmawati Station
Inside the train

Contract CP 108 for the procurement of rolling stock for the Jakarta MRT was awarded to a consortium led by Sumitomo Corporation on 3 March 2015.[41] A total of 16 six-cars trainsets were ordered at a cost of ¥10.8 billion (Rp145 billion).[42] The trains were built in Nippon Sharyo's plant in Toyokawa, Aichi.[43]

Each car measures 20 m (65 ft 7 in) in length, 2.9 m (9 ft 6 in) in width, and 3.9 m (12 ft 10 in) in height.[44] These trains utilize the CBTC signaling system and are equipped with Automatic Train Operation (ATO) GoA 2, with drivers operating the doors and driving in case of emergency.[45] Like the KRL Commuterline, the MRT trains are also powered via overhead catenary.[46]

MRT Jakarta officially call the trains Ratanggas (singular Ratangga), a nickname first bestowed on 10 January 2018 by then Governor of Jakarta, Anies Baswedan. The name, which is Old Javanese for chariots,[47] was derived from Mpu Tantular's Kakawin Sutasoma (also the source for Indonesia's national motto).[48] It offers a women-only carriage during morning peak hours from 7AM to 9AM and in the afternoon from 5PM to 7PM.[49]

PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta

PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta (Perseroda) is a municipally owned perseroan terbatas founded by the Government of Special Capital Region of Jakarta to operate the Jakarta MRT system. Its establishment was approved by the provincial parliament (DPRD) on 10 June 2008 and the company's incorporation was formally notarized on 17 June 2008. Due to a two-shareholder minimum in Indonesia's perseroan terbatas laws (rescinded for municipally owned corporations in 2020), only 99.98% of the shares are owned by the Government of Jakarta; the rest 0.02% is owned by Perumda Pasar Jaya (a municipal public corporation of Jakarta operating marketplaces).[50] Therefore, PT MRT Jakarta (Perseroda) is the first operating railway company in Indonesia that is not wholly or partly owned by state-owned company Kereta Api Indonesia, and one of the only such companies besides PT LRT Jakarta.

Network Map

See also

Notes
  1. lit. "Jakarta Integrated Mass Mode"
  2. "Serves on Phase 3"
  3. "Banten only serves with Tangerang (also Regency) where West Java only serves with Bekasi (also Regency)"

References
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  10. "Tentang Kami".
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  16. Maharani, Aisyah Sekar Ayu (2 September 2022). Alexander, Hilda (ed.). "Proyek MRT Jakarta Fase 4 Resmi Didukung Korea Selatan". Kompas.com (in Indonesian).
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  43. Riana, Friski (11 December 2017). Sugiharto, Jobpie (ed.). "Melihat Kereta MRT Jakarta Diproduksi: Tak Lagi Mirip Jangkrik". Tempo (in Indonesian). Retrieved 4 April 2019.
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  49. Putri, Anggie Lianda (13 March 2019). Arifin, Choirul (ed.). "MRT Sediakan Satu Kabin Kereta Khusus Penumpang Wanita di Jam-jam Sibuk". Tribunnews.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 4 April 2019.
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