Aga Khan IV

Shah Karim al-Husayni (Arabic: شاه كريم الحسيني, romanized: Shāh Karīm al-Ḥusaynī; born 13 December 1936),[2] known by the religious title Mawlānā Hazar Imam by his Ismaili followers and elsewhere as Aga Khan IV,[3] is the 49th and current Imam of Nizari Ismailis. He has held the position of imam and the title of Aga Khan since 11 July 1957,[4] when, at the age of 20, he succeeded his grandfather, Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah Aga Khan III. The Aga Khan claims direct lineal descent from the Islamic prophet Muhammad through Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, Ali,[5][6] who is considered an imam by Nizari Ismailis, and Ali's wife Fatima, Muhammad's daughter from his first marriage.

His Highness

Aga Khan IV

KBE CC PV NI NPk GCC GCIH GCL GCM
CitizenshipUnited Kingdom
France
Switzerland
Portugal
Canada (Honorary)
Occupation(s)Imam (spiritual leader), philanthropist, businessman
TitleShāh Karim al-Husayni
49th Imam of Nizari Ismaili
Tenure11 July 1957 – present
Installation19 October 1957[1]
PredecessorAga Khan III
BornKarim al-Husayn Shah
(1936-12-13) 13 December 1936
Geneva, Switzerland
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1969; div. 1995)​
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1998; div. 2011)​
    Issue
    HouseFatimid
    FatherPrince Aly Khan
    MotherPrincess Taj-ud-dawlah
    ReligionIsmaili

    His grandfather, Aga Khan III, states in his memoirs that the Shias had a "need (for) Divine guidance"[7] after the Prophet of Islam's death, this need being fulfilled by the Imamate. According to the Aga Khan III as mentioned in his memoirs, he has actual "Divine power, guidance, and leadership (authority)."[8] The Institution of Imamate has continued to present day with the Aga Khan IV as the 49th Imam of the Ismaili Community. The Aga Khan is a business magnate with British and Portuguese citizenship,[9][10][11] as well as a racehorse owner and breeder.[11][12]

    Aga Khan's net worth has been estimated at $13.3 billion.[13] Forbes describes the Aga Khan as one of the world's fifteen richest royals.[14] He is the founder and chairman of the Aga Khan Development Network, one of the largest private development networks in the world.

    Since his ascension to the Imamate of the Nizari Ismailis in 1957, the Aga Khan has been involved in complex political and economic changes which have affected his followers, including the independence of African countries from colonial rule, the expulsion of Asians from Uganda, the independence of Central Asian countries such as Tajikistan from the former Soviet Union and the continuous turmoil in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Aga Khan IV became the first faith leader to address the Joint Session of the Parliament of Canada on 27 February 2014.[15]

    Early life and education
    Aga Khan IV skiing for Iran at the 1964 Winter Olympics

    The Aga Khan IV is the eldest son of Prince Aly Khan (1911–1960), and his first wife, Princess Taj-ud-dawlah Aga Khan, formerly Joan Yarde-Buller (1908–1997), the eldest daughter of the British peer John Yarde-Buller, 3rd Baron Churston.

    Born in Geneva, Switzerland, on 13 December 1936, Prince Karim was declared healthy despite being born prematurely.[16] His brother, Amyn Aga Khan, was born less than a year later. In 1949, his parents divorced in part due to Prince Aly Khan's extramarital affairs,[17] and Prince Aly Khan shortly after married American actress Rita Hayworth – with whom he had a daughter, Princess Yasmin Aga Khan, the half-sister of Aga Khan IV.

    The Aga Khan IV also had a half-brother, Patrick Benjamin Guinness (1931–1965), from his mother's first marriage, as Joan Yarde-Buller was previously married to Loel Guinness of the banking Guinnesses.[18]

    Prince Karim spent his childhood in Nairobi, Kenya,[19] where his early education was by private tutoring. Prince Karim later attended the Institut Le Rosey in Switzerland, the most expensive boarding school in the world,[20] for nine years where he ended up with, in his words, "fair grades".[18] Prince Karim was admitted to MIT and wanted to study science, but his grandfather, Aga Khan III, vetoed the decision and Prince Karim attended Harvard University, where he was elected a member of The Delphic Club and majored in Islamic history.[21][22][18]

    When his grandfather died, the young Prince was thrust into the position of the Aga Khan (IV). A university student with a small allowance became the very wealthy new Nizari Imam. He said about it: "Overnight, my whole life changed completely. I woke up with serious responsibilities toward millions of other human beings. I knew I would have to abandon my hopes of studying for a doctorate in History".[18] He graduated from Harvard University in 1959, two years after becoming the Imam of the Nizari Ismailis, with a Bachelor of Arts degree in History (with Cum Laude honours) and his varsity H for the Harvard Crimson men's soccer team.[23][18]

    The young Aga Khan was a competitive downhill skier, and skied for Iran in the 1964 Winter Olympics.[18][24]

    Ascension to Nizari Ismaili Imamat

    Following the death of his grandfather the Aga Khan III, Prince Karim, at the age of 20, became the 49th Imam of the Nizari Ismailis and Aga Khan IV, bypassing his father, Prince Aly Khan, and his uncle, Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan, who were in direct line to succession. In his will, the Aga Khan III explained the rationale for choosing his eldest grandson as his successor (which marked the second time in the history of the Nizari Ismaili chain of Imamat that a grandson of the preceding Imam – instead of one of the sons of the preceding Imam – was made the next Imam):

    In view of the fundamentally altered conditions in the world has provoked many changes, including the discoveries of atomic science, I am convinced that it is in the best interests of the Nizari Ismaili community that I should be succeeded by a young man who has been brought up and developed during recent years and in the midst of the new age, and who brings a new outlook on life to his office.[25]

    In light of his grandfather's will, the Aga Khan IV has sometimes been referred to by Nizari Ismailis as the "Imam of the Atomic Age".[26] The will of the Aga Khan III added that the next Aga Khan, in the first several years of his Imamat, should look to the Aga Khan III's widow for guidance on general matters pertaining to the Imamat:

    I DESIRE that my successor shall, during the first seven years of his Imamat, be guided on questions of general Imamat Policy, by my said wife, Yvette called Yve Blanche Labrousse Om Habibeh, the BEGUM AGA KHAN, who has been familiar for many years with the problems facing my followers, and in whose wise judgment, I place the greatest confidence.[27]

    Nizari Ismaili Imamat
    Aga Khan IV receiving a gift of Trinitite, residue from the first nuclear bomb detonation, while visiting the Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1959.

    Upon taking the position of Imam, the Aga Khan IV stated that he intended to continue the work his grandfather had pursued in building modern institutions to improve the quality of life of the Nizari Ismailis.[28] Takht nashini (installation of the new Imam) ceremonies occurred at several locations over the course of 1957 and 1958. During this time, the Aga Khan emphasized to his followers the importance of fostering positive relations with different ethnicities[29] – a message highly appropriate considering the racially tense atmosphere in East Africa at the time between blacks and South Asians. During the Aga Khan's installation ceremonies in the Indian subcontinent, the Aga Khan stressed his commitment to improving the standard of living of Nizari Ismailis and encouraged co-operation with individuals of other religions.[30]

    In 1972, under the regime of President Idi Amin of Uganda, people of South Asian origin, including Nizari Ismailis, were expelled. The South Asians, some of whose families had lived in Uganda for over 100 years, were given 90 days to leave the country.[31] The Aga Khan phoned his long-time friend Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. Trudeau's government agreed to allow thousands of Nizari Ismailis to immigrate to Canada.[32] The Aga Khan also undertook urgent steps to facilitate the resettlement of Nizari Ismailis displaced from Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, and Burma, to other countries.[33] Most of these Nizari Ismailis found new homes in Asia, Europe and North America.[34] Most of the initial resettlement problems were overcome rapidly by Nizari Ismailis due to their educational backgrounds and high rates of literacy, as well as the efforts of the Aga Khan and the host countries, and with support from Nizari Ismaili community programs.

    The Aga Khan has encouraged Nizari Ismailis settled in the industrialised world to contribute towards the progress of communities in the developing world through various development programs.[35] He has described his role as Imam as being partly to uplift the material and spiritual wellbeing of Nizari Ismailis – a duty which requires an understanding of Nizari Ismailis in the context of their geographic location and their time.[16] He elaborated on this concept in a 2006 speech in Germany, saying "The role and responsibility of an Imam, therefore, is both to interpret the faith to the community, and also to do all within his means to improve the quality, and security, of their daily lives and the people with whom Ismailis share their lives."[36] This engagement of the Aga Khan with Nizari Ismailis is said to extend to the people with whom the Nizari Ismailis share their lives, locally and internationally.[37]

    The Aga Khan is one of several Shia signatories of the Amman Message which gives a broad foundation for defining those denominations of Islam that should be considered as part of the wider Muslim Ummah.[38]

    During the Pope Benedict XVI Islam controversy, he said:

    I have two reactions to the pope's lecture: There is my concern about the degradation of relations and, at the same time, I see an opportunity. A chance to talk about a serious, important issue: the relationship between religion and logic.[39]

    When the Aga Khan IV was asked about his view on the consumption of alcohol in a 1965 interview with The Sunday Times, he said, in line with Muslim teaching:[40]

    Our belief is that the thing which separates man from the animals is his power of thought. Anything that impedes this process is wrong. Therefore, alcohol is forbidden. I have never touched alcohol. But this, to me, is not a puritan prohibition. I don't want to drink. I've never wanted to drink. There's no pressure being placed on me by my religion.

    The Status of the Imam in Nizari Ismailism
    Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim
    Part of a series on Islam
    Isma'ilism
    Ismail lion calligram
    Concepts
    Seven Pillars
    Musta'li and Nizari history
    Branches/sects

    States

    People

    Centers

    Other
    Early Imāms
    Incumbent leaders
     Islam portal

    The Ismailis are a community of Shi'a Islam, and their theology is derived from the teachings of the Shi'i Imams – 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, Muhammad al-Baqir and Ja'far al-Sadiq. According to early Shi'i Ismaili theology, God or Allah is absolutely transcendent and unique.[41][42] Unlike Sunni theology where God's Essence is conjoined to eternal attributes, the early Shi'i Imams emphasized a theology according to which God's Essence is beyond all names and attributes. The first creation of God is a spiritual entity (Ruhani) or light (nur) called the Intellect ('Aql), the Light of Muhammad (nur Muhammad) or the Light of Ali. This cosmic Intellect or Light exists prior to the creation of the physical world and is the highest of created beings is identified with the Eternal Imam or the spiritual essence of the Prophet Muhammad and the Shi'i Imams. The historical Imams on earth are the locus of manifestation (mazhar) of the Light (nur) or Intellect (aql). Ismaili philosophers developed these ideas further using Neoplatonic frameworks and identified the Intellect ('Aql) or Light of the Imam with the Universal Intellect (Nous) of Plotinus. Similarly, the Imam's human soul – revered as pure based on Qur'an 33:33 – is regarded as the reflective mirror of the Universal Intellect.[43]

    The 1975 Ismailia Association Conference – a meeting of the Aga Khan with senior Nizari Ismaili council leaders from several countries – addressed the question of the status of the Imam. It mentioned:

    "The Imam to be explained as the 'mazhar' ["locus of manifestation"] of God, and the relationship between God and the Imam to be related to varying levels of inspiration and communication from God to man."[44] Paris Conference Report

    The term mazhar is also used in Sufi literature by Ibn 'Arabi ("Bezels of Wisdom"), Nasir al-Din al-Tusi ("Contemplation and Action", "The Paradise of Submission") and many others. The meaning of the word mazhar denotes the idea of a mirror in which an object is reflected as an image but not incarnate. Similarly, the Imam as mazhar (locus of manifestation, mirror) 'differs greatly' from the idea of incarnation or indwelling (hulul) in which the Divine dwells inside a material body. The Imam is not seen as an incarnation of divinity. The Imam is also the Pir (Sufism) within Nizari Ismailism denoting a title from the Sufi heritage of Nizari Ismaili history.

    Silver Jubilee Year of Imamat

    From 11 July 1982 to 11 July 1983 – to celebrate the present Aga Khan's Silver Jubilee, marking the 25th anniversary of his accession to the Imamat – many new social and economic development projects were launched.[45] These range from the establishment of the US$450 million international Aga Khan University with its Faculty of Health Sciences and teaching hospital based in Karachi,[46] the expansion of schools for girls and medical centres in the Hunza region[47] (one of the remote parts of Northern Pakistan bordering on China and Afghanistan that is densely populated with Nizari Ismailis), to the establishment of the Aga Khan Rural Support Program[48] in Gujarat, India – and the extension of existing urban hospitals and primary health care centres in Tanzania and Kenya.[49]

    Golden Jubilee Year of Imamat

    11 July 2007 to 13 December 2008 marked the 50th Anniversary of the Aga Khan's reign of Imamat (Golden Jubilee). On this occasion, leaders representing Nizari Ismailis from different areas of the world gathered at the Aga Khan's residence to pay homage to the Imam.[50] As part of the Golden Jubilee, the Aga Khan made official visits to various countries – using the visits to recognize the friendship and longstanding support of certain leaders of state, government, and others, to the Aga Khan and his Nizari Ismaili community, as well as to lay the foundations for certain future initiatives and programmes.[51] Areas of the world visited included the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Africa. During his visit to Houston, US, he announced the establishment of the Ismaili Center Houston. The Aga Khan also organized a Nizari Ismaili sports meet in Kenya, and teams of Nizari Ismailis from different areas of the world came to play in this event.[52]

    One of the initiatives of the Golden Jubilee was the Jubilee Games, firstly named as the Golden Jubilee Games but continued as the Jubilee Games. The first event was held in Kenya in 2008. The second Jubilee Games were held in Dubai, UAE in July 2016.[53]

    Diamond Jubilee Year of Imamat

    11 July 2017 to 11 July 2018 was designated the Diamond Jubilee Year of the Aga Khan's 60th year of reign.[54] The Aga Khan travelled throughout the Diamond Jubilee year to countries where his humanitarian institutions operate to launch new programs that help alleviate poverty and increase access to education, housing and childhood development. The Aga Khan's Diamond Jubilee opening ceremony was held in his Aiglemont estate. On 8 March 2018, Queen Elizabeth II hosted the Aga Khan at Windsor Castle at a dinner to mark his Diamond Jubilee. He has visited a number of countries including the United States, UAE, India, Pakistan, Canada, France, UK, Kenya, and others. The Diamond Jubilee ended with grand celebrations in Lisbon, Portugal on and around 11 July 2018. People from around the world came to celebrate with their worldwide community. There were many concerts, a Jubilee Arts festival, and other events planned for tens of thousands of people. Following a historic agreement with the Portuguese Republic in 2015, His Highness the Aga Khan officially designated the premises located at Rua Marquês de Fronteira in Lisbon – the Henrique de Mendonça Palace – as the Seat of the Ismaili Imamat on 11 July 2018, and declared that it be known as the "Diwan of the Ismaili Imamat".[55]

    Personal life

    In 1964 Sports Illustrated wrote that despite the Aga Khan's reputation as "a gallivanting jet-setter who wants his horses, cars and women to be fast", he avoided most parties, never appeared in gossip columns, and had been associated with only one woman for the previous five years ("an exquisite, publicity-avoiding blonde named Annouchka von Mehks").[18] In 1969, the Aga Khan married former British model Sarah Frances Croker Poole, who assumed the name Begum Salimah Aga Khan upon marrying him. Sarah Frances was a divorcee, having previously been married to Lord James Charles Crichton-Stuart, son of John Crichton-Stuart, 5th Marquess of Bute. The wedding ceremonies were held on 22 October 1969 (civil) and 28 October 1969 (religious) at Karim Aga Khan's home in Paris. By 1984, the Aga Khan and Begum Salimah had taken to living separate lives.[56] The Aga Khan and Begum Salimah had one daughter and two sons together, Zahra Aga Khan (born 18 September 1970), Rahim Aga Khan (born 12 October 1971) and Hussain Aga Khan (born 10 April 1974). Eleven years later, in 1995 they divorced.

    On 30 May 1998, The Aga Khan married for the second time at his walled compound and chateau, Aiglemont, in Gouvieux, France. The bride was Gabriele Renate Thyssen, who assumed the name Begum Inaara Aga Khan at her wedding. Born to Roman Catholic German entrepreneur parents in 1963, Gabriele was twenty-seven years younger than the Aga Khan. She was also a divorcee, having previously been married to Prince Karl Emich of Leiningen, by whom she had a daughter, Teresa. On 7 March 2000, two years after the wedding, he had a son, Aly Muhammad Aga Khan. On 8 October 2004, after six years of marriage the couple announced they would be getting divorced.[57][58] In September 2011, seven years later, a divorce settlement was reached between them in the French courts, and the divorce settlement amount was agreed upon in March 2014.[59]

    Personal finances

    Forbes describes the Aga Khan as one of the world's fifteen richest royals, and the most recent estimate of his net worth is $13.3 billion.[13] He is unique among the richest royals in that he does not preside over a geographic territory.[14] He owns hundreds of racehorses, valuable stud farms, an exclusive yacht club on Sardinia,[60] Bell Island in the Bahamas,[61] two Bombardier jets, a £100 million high speed yacht Alamshar, and several estates around the world, with his primary residence at Aiglemont estate in the town of Gouvieux, France, north of Paris. The Aga Khan's philanthropic non-profit institutions spend about US$600 million per year – mainly in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.[62]

    The Aga Khan is and has been involved in multiple business ventures, in such areas as communications media and luxury hotels. In 1959 he founded the Kenyan media company Nation Media Group.[63] In the 1990s, the Aga Khan had a group of US$400 a night Italian luxury hotels, called Ciga. Currently the Aga Khan, through his for-profit AKFED, is the largest shareholder in the Serena Hotels chain.[64] The Aga Khan's racing horse businesses bring in considerable income.[65] He owns and operates the largest horse racing and breeding operation in France, the French horse auction house, Arqana, Gilltown Stud near Kilcullen in Ireland, and other breeding/stud farms in Europe.[65]

    In 2009, Forbes reported that the Aga Khan's net worth was US$1 billion.[66] In 2013, Vanity Fair estimated his fortune to be well over US$1 billion.[67]

    In 2021 Aga Khan took delivery of a new Bombardier Global 7500 registered LX-PAK,[68] operated by Global Jet Luxembourg. His previous aircraft, a Bombardier Global 6000, registered LX-ZAK, was sold in 2020.[69]

    Work

    Aga Khan Development Network
    Main article: Aga Khan Development Network

    The Aga Khan is the founder and chairman of the Aga Khan Development Network, which coordinates the activities of over 200 agencies and institutions, employing approximately 80,000 paid staff, the majority of whom are based in developing countries.[70] AKDN is partly funded by his followers and donor partners that include numerous governments and several international organisations. AKDN agencies operate in the fields of health, education, culture, rural development, institution-building and the promotion of economic development, with a special focus on countries of the Developing Nations. It is dedicated to improving living conditions and opportunities for the poor, without regard to their faith, origin or sex.[71]

    AKDN includes the Aga Khan University, the University of Central Asia, the for-profit Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development, the Aga Khan Trust for Culture, the Aga Khan Foundation, the Aga Khan Health Services, the Aga Khan Education Services, the Aga Khan Planning and Building Services, and the Aga Khan Agency for Microfinance. One of the companies that the AKFED is the main shareholder of is the Serena Hotels Group[72] – a chain of luxury hotels and resorts primarily located in Africa and Asia. The Aga Khan Award for Architecture is the largest architectural award in the world.[73] The Aga Khan is also the chairman of the Board of Governors of the Institute of Ismaili Studies, which he founded in 1977.[74] He is also a Vice-President of the Royal Commonwealth Society.[75]

    Focus Humanitarian Assistance, an affiliate of the AKDN, is responsible for emergency response in the face of disaster. Recent disasters that FOCUS was involved in helping address include the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan (AKDN earthquake response) and the South Asian tsunami.[76]

    Significant recent or current projects that are related to the development and that are being led by the Aga Khan include the Delegation of the Ismaili Imamat and the Global Centre for Pluralism in Ottawa, the Aga Khan Museum in Toronto, the Al-Azhar Park in Cairo, the Bagh-e Babur restoration in Kabul, and a network of full IB residential schools known as the Aga Khan Academies.

    The Aga Khan has expressed concern about the work of the AKDN being described as philanthropy. In his address to the Evangelische Akademie Tutzing, when he was awarded their Tolerance Prize in 2006, he described this concern:

    Reflecting a certain historical tendency of the West to separate the secular from the religious, they often describe [the work of the AKDN] either as philanthropy or entrepreneurship. What is not understood is that this work is for us a part of our institutional responsibility – it flows from the mandate of the office of Imam to improve the quality of worldly life for the concerned communities.[36]

    Promotion of Islamic architecture

    In 1977, the Aga Khan established the Aga Khan Award for Architecture, an award recognising excellence in architecture that encompasses contemporary design and social, historical, and environmental considerations. It is the largest architectural award in the world (prize money for which is a million US dollars) and is granted triennially.[77] The award grew out of the Aga Khan's desire to revitalise creativity in Islamic societies and acknowledge creative solutions for buildings facilities and public spaces.[78] The prize winner is selected by an independent master jury convened for each cycle.[79]

    In 1979, Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) established the Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture (AKPIA), which is supported by an endowment from Aga Khan. These programs provide degree courses, public lectures, and conferences for the study of Islamic architecture and urbanism. Understanding contemporary conditions and developmental issues are key components of the academic program.[80] The program engages in research at both institutions and students can graduate with a Master of Science of Architectural Studies specialising in the Aga Khan program from MIT's Department of Architecture.[81]

    Thoroughbred horse racing
    The racing colors of the Aga Khan

    The Aga Khan operates a large horse racing and breeding operation at his estate Aiglemont, in the town of Gouvieux in the Picardy region of France – about 4 kilometres (2+1⁄2 miles) west of the Chantilly Racecourse. In 1977, he paid £1.3 million for the bloodstock owned by Anna Dupré and in 1978, £4.7 million for the bloodstock of Marcel Boussac.[82]

    The Aga Khan is said to be France's most influential owner-breeder and record winner of The Prix de Diane, sometimes referred to as the French Oaks.[83]

    The Aga Khan owns Gilltown Stud near Kilcullen, Ireland, and the Haras de Bonneval breeding farm at Le Mesnil-Mauger in France. In March 2005, he purchased the Calvados stud farms, the Haras d'Ouilly in Pont-d'Ouilly and the Haras de Val-Henry in Livarot.[84] Haras d'Ouilly had been owned by such horsemen as the Duc Decazes, François Dupré and Jean-Luc Lagardère.[85]

    In 2006 the Aga Khan became the majority shareholder of French horse auction house Arqana.[65]

    On 27 October 2009 it was announced that Sea the Stars, regarded by many as one of the greatest racehorses of all time, would stand stud at the Aga Khan's Gilltown Stud in Ireland.[86]

    His unbeaten homebred filly, Zarkava, won the 2008 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. His homebred colt, Harzand, won the 2016 Epsom Derby and the 2016 Irish Derby.

    The Aga Khan was the lead owner of Shergar, the Irish racehorse that was kidnapped from Ballymany stud farm in County Kildare, Ireland by masked men in 1983 and held for ransom. The Aga Khan and the other co-owners refused to pay a ransom, and the horse was not recovered.[87] The Aga Khan, the police and the public suspected the Provisional Irish Republican Army of the abduction, though the IRA denied all involvement. In 1999, former IRA member Sean O'Callaghan published an autobiography in which he implicates the IRA as being responsible for the abduction. Shergar had become a national symbol in Ireland, and the IRA had underestimated the public outpouring of support for the horse and the backlash for the IRA even among Irish republicans who had historically supported the IRA, leading the IRA to deny involvement.[88]

    Yacht Alamshar

    The Aga Khan is an ardent yachtsman. He co-founded the Yacht Club Costa Smeralda in Porto Cervo, Sardinia in 1967. He also commissioned a 164-foot yacht, Alamshar, named after a prized racehorse of his, with a price tag of £200 million. The cost and maintenance are partly covered by chartering. The yacht was advertised as having a top speed of 60 knots, capable of setting a new transatlantic speed record. It reached a speed in excess of 55 knots in its initial trials but despite the claims, it was never intended for transatlantic speed records as it does not have the range.

    Titles, styles and honours

    The titles Prince and Princess are used by the Aga Khans and their children by virtue of their descent from Shah Fath Ali Shah of the Persian Qajar dynasty. The title was officially recognised by the British government in 1938.[89]

    Author Farhad Daftary wrote of how the honorific title Aga Khan (from Agha and Khan) was first given to Aga Khan I at the age of thirteen after the murder of his father: "At the same time, the Qajar monarch bestowed on him the honorific title (laqab) of Agha Khan (also transcribed as Aqa Khan), meaning lord and master." Daftary additionally commented, "The title of Agha Khan remained hereditary amongst his successors."[90] On the other hand, in a legal proceeding, the Aga Khan III noted that 'Aga Khan' is not a title, but, instead a sort of alias or "pet name" that was given to Aga Khan I when he was a young man.[91]

    The style of His Highness was formally granted to the Aga Khan IV by Queen Elizabeth II in 1957 upon the death of his grandfather Aga Khan III.[92] The granting of the title to the Aga Khan IV was preceded by a strong expressed desire of the Aga Khan III to see the British monarchy award the non-hereditary title to his successor.[27] The style of His Royal Highness was granted in 1959 to the Aga Khan IV by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran, later overthrown in the Iranian Revolution of 1979,[93] but he uses instead His Highness.[94][95][96] Over the years, the Aga Khan has received numerous honours, honorary degrees, and awards.

    Honours

    Honorary degrees

    Awards

    Ancestry

    Patrilineal descent
    Patrilineal descent[125]

    Shah Karim al-Hussaini Aga Khan's patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son.

    Nizari Imams of the Fatimid Dynasty
    1. Adnan
    2. Ma'ad ibn Adnan
    3. Nizar ibn Ma'ad
    4. Mudar ibn Nizar
    5. Ilyas ibn Mudar
    6. Mudrikah ibn Ilyas
    7. Khuzayma ibn Mudrika
    8. Kinanah ibn Khuzayma
    9. An-Nadr ibn Kinanah
    10. Malik ibn Al-Nadr
    11. Fihr ibn Malik
    12. Ghalib ibn Fihr
    13. Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib
    14. Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy
    15. Murrah ibn Ka'b
    16. Kilab ibn Murrah b. ca. 372
    17. Qusay ibn Kilab ca. 400-ca. 480
    18. Abd Manaf ibn Qusai
    19. Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, ca. 464-ca. 497
    20. Abd al-Muttalib, ca. 497–578
    21. Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib, 535–619
    22. 4th Caliph and 1st Imam Ali ibn Abu Talib, 601–661, cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad
    23. 2nd Imam Husayn ibn Ali, 626–680
    24. 3rd Imam Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin, 659–713
    25. 4th Imam Muhammad al-Baqir, 677–733
    26. 5th Imam Jafar al-Sadiq, ca. 702–765
    27. 6th Imam Ismail ibn Jafar, ca. 722-ca. 762
    28. 7th Imam Muhammad ibn Ismail, 740–813
    29. 8th Imam Ahmad al-Wafi, 795/746-827/828
    30. 9th Imam Muhammad at-Taqi (Isma'ili), 813/814-839/840
    31. 10th Imam Radi Abdullah, 832–881
    32. 11th Imam Caliph Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah, 873–934
    33. 12th Imam Caliph Al-Qa'im, 893–946
    34. 13th Imam Caliph Al-Mansur Billah, 914–953
    35. 14th Imam Caliph Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah, 932–975
    36. 15th Imam Caliph Al-Aziz Billah, 955–996
    37. 16th Imam Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, 985–1021
    38. 17th Imam Caliph Ali az-Zahir, 1005–1036
    39. 18th Imam Caliph Al-Mustansir Billah, 1029–1094
    40. 19th Imam Nizar al-Mustafa, 1045–1095
    41. 20th Imam Ali Al-Husayn Al-Hadi, 1076–1132
    42. 21st Imam Al-Muhtadi, Muhammad I, 1106–1157
    43. 22nd Imam Al-Qahir, Hasan I, 1126–1162
    44. 23rd Imam Hassan II of Alamut (also referred to as 'Alā Zikrihi-s-Salām), 1142/1145-1166
    45. 24th Imam Muhammad II of Alamut, 1148–1210
    46. 25th Imam Hassan III of Alamut, 1187–1221
    47. 26th Imam Muhammad III of Alamut, 1211–1255
    48. 27th Imam Rukn al-Din Khurshah, ca. 1230-1256/1257
    49. 28th Imam Shams al-Din (Nizari), 1257–1310
    50. 29th Imam Qasim Shah, 1310–1368
    51. 30th Imam Islam Shah, d. 1424
    52. 31st Imam Muhammad ibn Islam Shah, d. 1464
    53. 32nd Imam Ali Shah Qalandar, al-Mustansir Billah II, d. 1480
    54. 33rd Imam Abd-us-Salam Shah, d. 1494
    55. 34th Imam Abbas Shah Gharib, al-Mustansir Billah III, d. 1498
    56. 35th Imam Abuzar Ali Nur Shah, d. ca. 1509
    57. 36th Imam Murād Mīrzā, d. 1574
    58. 37th Imam Zulfiqar Ali, Khalilullah I, d. 1634
    59. 38th Imam Nur al-Din Ali, d. 1671
    60. 39th Imam Ali, Khalilullah II, d. 1680
    61. 40th Imam Shah Nizar II, d. 1722
    62. 41st Imam Sayed Ali, d. ca. 1736
    63. 42nd Imam Al-Hassan Ali Beg, d. ca. 1747
    64. 43rd Imam Sayed Jafar, Al-Qasim Ali, d. ca. 1756
    65. 44th Imam Abū-l-Hasan ʻAlī, d. 1792
    66. 45th Imam Shah Khalilullah III, 1740–1817
    67. 46th Imam Hasan Ali Shah, Aga Khan I, 1804–1881
    68. 47th Imam Aqa Ali Shah, Aga Khan II, 1830–1885
    69. 48th Imam Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, 1877–1957
    70. Prince Sayyid Aly Khan, 1911– 1960
    71. 49th Imam Shah Karim Al-Hussaini, Aga Khan IV, b. 1936

    References
    1. The Aga Khan is the first Muslim to receive the honour.
    1. "1957 Aga Khan IV Ceremonial Installation: Presentation of "Sword of Justice" Signified Ismaili Imam's Role as "Defender of Faith"". Simerg. 8 July 2010. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
    2. "Aga Khan IV". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
    3. "His Highness the Aga Khan". Archived from the original on 6 November 2011. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
    4. "World View – Aga Khan". Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
    5. Morris, H. S. (1958). "The Divine Kingship of the Aga Khan: A Study of Theocracy in East Africa". Southwestern Journal of Anthropology. 14 (4): 454–472. doi:10.1086/soutjanth.14.4.3628938. JSTOR 3628938. S2CID 160596479.
    6. "The Aga Khan's Direct Descent From Prophet Muhammad: Historical Proof". Ismaili Gnosis Research Team. 9 July 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
    7. Maugham Somerset W. (1954). The Memoirs Of Aga Khan (1954). pp. 178 - 2nd Paragraph.
    8. Maugham Somerset W. (1954). The Memoirs Of Aga Khan (1954). pp. 178 - 3rd Paragraph.
    9. "Portugal granted national citizenship to Prince Aga Khan". Observador. 31 March 2019. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
    10. Zachary, G. Pascal (9 July 2007). "The Aga Khan, a jet-setter who mixes business and Islam". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 August 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
    11. Minahan, James (1998). Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States. Greenwood Press. p. 256. ISBN 978-0313306105.
    12. Wood, Greg (6 October 2008). "port Horse racing Zarkava's triumph brings a new high for Aga Khan". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 30 September 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
    13. "How the Fourth Aga Khan Balances Spiritual Muslim Leadership with a Multi-billionaire Lifestyle". Vanity Fair. 14 January 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
    14. Serafin, Tatiana (7 July 2010). "World's Richest Royals". Forbes. Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
    15. Rizwan Mawani (3 March 2014). "A Relationship of Mutual Respect and Admiration: His Highness the Aga Khan Becomes First Faith Leader to Address Joint Session of Canadian Parliament". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 15 March 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
    16. Frischauer, Willi (1970). The Aga Khans. London: The Bodley Head Ltd.
    17. Harriman, Pamela (30 May 2005). "Lives and Loves: Pamela Harrima". The Scotsman, p. S2.
    18. Ress, Paul Evan (10 August 1964). "Prince Karim Aga Khan". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
    19. G. Pascal Zachary, "Do Business and Islam Mix? Ask Him" Archived 5 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine, New York Times, 8 July 2007
    20. Ram, Vidya. "In Pictures: Europe's Most Expensive Boarding Schools". Forbes. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
    21. Mann, Anthony. "The Quiet Prince of Islam". Sunday Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 June 2012. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
    22. Stevenson, John Fell (10 November 1957). "My College Room Mate Rules 10 Million". This Week. New York: Joseph P. Knapp.
    23. "Khan of Harvard". Life. Vol. 45, no. 18. Chicago: Henry Luce. 3 November 1958. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
    24. "Iran Alpine Skiing at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games". sports-reference.com. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
    25. "Aly Khān's Son, 20, New Aga Khan", The New York Times, 13 July 1957, p. 1
    26. Thobani, Akbarali (1993). Islam's Quiet Revolutionary: The Story of Aga Khan the Fourth. Vantage Press.
    27. van Grondelle, Marco. "The Shi'a Imami (Nizari) Ismailis and British Foreign- and Colonial Policy" (PDF). Self. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 August 2010. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
    28. "His Highness the Aga Khan". the.Ismaili. 25 October 2007. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
    29. "His Highness Aga Khan: Biography". AKDN.
    30. Weisinger, Akiva Y. "Religious Dictatorship: A Solution for Modernity? The Case of the Aga Khan". Academia.
    31. "1972: Asians given 90 days to leave Uganda". British Broadcasting Corporation. 7 August 1972. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
    32. Geddes, John (27 October 2010). "A holy man with an eye for connections". Maclean's. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
    33. "The Aga Khan Schools". The Aga Khan Schools. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
    34. "Ismaili Communities – South Asia | The Institute of Ismaili Studies". iis.ac.uk. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
    35. Khan, Aurangzaib (9 October 2018). "Why high hills have a high suicide rate". Herald Magazine. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
    36. Address by His Highness the Aga Khan to the Tuting Evangelical Academy Upon Receiving the "Tolerance" Award. Germany: akdn.org. 20 May 2006.
    37. Address by His Highness the Aga Khan at Graduation Ceremony of the Masters of Public Affairs Programme at the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris. Paris: akdn.org/speeches/2007June15_en. 15 June 2007.
    38. Aga Khan's official reply to Amman Message Archived 24 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Ammanmessage.com.
    39. SPIEGEL interview with Aga Khan Archived 14 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine – Der Spiegel. 12 October 2006
    40. "Sunday Times – Weekly Review". Ismaili.net. Archived from the original on 6 August 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
    41. "Ismaili Teachings on Tawhid"
    42. Gnostic, Ismaili. (22 January 2016) Ismaili Teachings on the Oneness of God (Tawhid): Beyond Personalist Theism and Modern Atheism | Ismaili Gnosis (Ismailism) Archived 6 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Ismaili Gnosis. Retrieved on 18 August 2017.
    43. "Light upon Light: Glimpses into the Succession of the Shia Ismaili Imams". Ismaili Gnosis. 11 July 2014. Archived from the original on 26 April 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
    44. Paris Conference Report Minutes
    45. Cowell, Alan; Times, Special to The New York (14 October 1982). "Aga Khan's Silver Jubilee: Bridging Two Worlds". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
    46. Nadeem, Naila; Khawaja, Ranish Deedar Ali; Beg, Madiha; Naeem, Muhammad; Majid, Zain (21 March 2013). "Undergraduate radiology education in private and public teaching hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan: teaching duties, methodologies, and rewards". Advances in Medical Education and Practice. 4: 31–37. doi:10.2147/AMEP.S40549. ISSN 1179-7258. PMC 3661265. PMID 23745098.
    47. Craig, Time. "High up on a Pakistani mountain, a success story for moderate Islam". Washington Post.
    48. "Aga Khan Rural Support Programme | Land Portal | Securing Land Rights Through Open Data". landportal.org. 30 January 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
    49. Procee, Paul (5 May 2013). "Tanzania Service Delivery Indicators" (PDF). World Bank: 1–9.
    50. "Golden Jubilee". the.Ismaili. 25 October 2007. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
    51. "Golden Jubilee". Archived from the original on 9 January 2010. Retrieved 22 December 2009.
    52. "Golden Jubilee Games". 20 June 2008. Archived from the original on 1 January 2010. Retrieved 22 December 2009.
    53. "About the Jubilee Games". 8 March 2016. Archived from the original on 6 August 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
    54. "Mawlana Hazar Imam's Diamond Jubilee to be celebrated in 2017–18". 11 July 2016. Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
    55. "Mawlana Hazar Imam designates the Seat of the Ismaili Imamat". 11 July 2018. Archived from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
    56. Hollingsworth, Mark (March 2011). "Aga in Waiting" (PDF). ES Magazine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 September 2012. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
    57. Princess Inaara Foundation Archived 12 May 2006 at the Wayback Machine
    58. Leppard, David; Winnett, Robert (21 November 2004). "Aga Khan faces the $1 billion divorce". The Sunday Times. London. Archived from the original on 20 March 2007. Retrieved 21 November 2008.
    59. "AP: Aga Khan divorces German princess after dispute". yahoo.com. Archived from the original on 7 June 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
    60. Sarsini, Enrico (22 August 1969). "Sardinia: The Aga Khan's Emerald Hideaway (photo essay)". Life. Vol. 67, no. 8. pp. 44–48. ISSN 0024-3019.
    61. Jackson, Candace (29 July 2011). "My Own Private Island". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 7 January 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
    62. McMillan, Elizabeth (8 December 2008), "Aga Khan joins Prime Minister's neighbourhood", Canada.com, archived from the original on 27 August 2012, retrieved 14 April 2012
    63. Coleridge, Nicholas (March 1994). Paper Tigers: The Latest, Greatest Newspaper Tycoons (1st Carol Pub. Group ed.). Secaucus, NJ: Birch Lane Pr. ISBN 978-1559722155.
    64. Wafula, Paul (24 November 2011). "Serena adds Tanzanian link to its hotels chain". Daily Nation. Archived from the original on 14 December 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
    65. "Aga Khan: Owner Profile". North Riding, Gauteng, South Africa: RaceHorseOwner.com. 16 February 2014. Archived from the original on 7 March 2014.
    66. Pendleton, Devon; Serafin, Tatiana; von Zeppelin, Cristina (17 June 2009). "In Pictures: World's Richest Royals: Prince Karim Al Husseini, Aga Khan". Forbes. Archived from the original on 19 November 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
    67. Reginato, James (31 January 2013). "In Pictures: World's Richest Royals: Prince Karim Al Husseini, Aga Khan". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 13 February 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
    68. "LX-PAK Prince Karim Aga Khan IV. Bombardier BD-700-2A12 Global 7500". Planespotters.net. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
    69. "LX-ZAK Private Bombardier BD-700-1A10 Global 6000". Planespotters.net. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
    70. "Aga Khan Development Network |". akdn.org. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
    71. "About Us". Aga Khan Foundation USA. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
    72. "Tourism Promotion Services (TPS)". Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development. Archived from the original on 25 January 2012. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
    73. "Aga Khan Awards". architecturalrecord.com. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
    74. "Institute of Ismaili Studies | The Institute of Ismaili Studies". iis.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
    75. "Governance | Royal Commonwealth Society". thercs.org. Archived from the original on 19 October 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
    76. Margesson, Rhoda. "Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami:Humanitarian Assistance and Relief Operations" (PDF). FAS.
    77. "Design for Diversity: The Aga Khan Award for Architecture | Boston Society of Architects". architects.org. Archived from the original on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
    78. "Shortlist Announced for the Aga Khan Award for Architecture 2019". ArchDaily. 1 May 2019. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
    79. "Winners of the 2016 Aga Khan Award for Architecture celebrate inclusivity and pluralism | Aga Khan Development Network". akdn.org. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
    80. Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. AKPIA (Academic Brochure).
    81. "Welcome to AKPIA@MIT". akpia.mit.edu. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
    82. Aga Khan Bio Archived 7 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Racehorseowner.com (13 December 1936).
    83. McGrath, J A (17 June 2012). "Shock winner Valyra earns the Aga Khan record seventh win in the French Oaks". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
    84. "Arlington Million Day: 37th Running". Arlington Park. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
    85. Corbi?re, Pierre. ?talons de pur sang de France (in French). Рипол Классик. ISBN 978-5883161291.
    86. "Sea The Stars goes to Aga Khan's Gilltown Stud." Archived 27 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine. racingpost.com (27 October 2009).
    87. Fitzpatrick, Richard (7 February 2013). "30 Years On: What Happened to Shergar?". RTE. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
    88. O'Callaghan, Sean (1999). The Informer. London: Corgi. ISBN 978-0-552-14607-4.
    89. Edwards, Anne (1996). Throne of Gold: The Lives of the Aga Khans, New York: William Morrow. ISBN 0-00-215196-0
    90. Daftary, Farhad (2007). The Ismailis: Their History and Doctrines (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-35561-5.
    91. "Bombay High Court:Haji Bibi vs H.H. Sir Sultan Mahomed Shah 1 September 1908". Russell, High Court of Bombay. Archived from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
    92. Patrick Montague-Smith (1970) Debrett's Correct Form. Debrett's Peerage Ltd. ISBN 0-905649-00-1 p. 106.
    93. "Aga Khan Development Network – About us: Awards and Honours". Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 28 April 2009.
    94. "No. 57155". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 2003. p. 24.
    95. "Aga Khan Development Network – About us: His Highness the Aga Khan". Archived from the original on 3 December 2010. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
    96. Forms of Address: His Highness the Aga Khan Archived 17 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine – website Debrett's
    97. "Part I – Worldwide Honours For Prince Karim Aga Khan Underline Impact of Ismaili Imamat's Contribution to Humanity". Simerg – Insights from Around the World. 13 December 2009. Archived from the original on 6 August 2014. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
    98. "Aga Khan, C.C. – Order of Canada". Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2006.
    99. "Press Information Bureau – Padma Awards 2015". Indian Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
    100. Iran. Host to the World Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Badraie. Retrieved on 27 April 2015.
    101. Kenya: Country Honours Aga Khan (Page 1 of 1) Archived 11 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine – website allAfrica.com
    102. Alvará (extrato) n.º 11/2017 Archived 26 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Diário da República n.º 189/2017, Série II de 29 September 2017
    103. Boletín Oficial del Estado
    104. "Mawlana Hazar Imam presented with Uganda's highest honour". The Ismaili. 8 October 2017. Archived from the original on 22 July 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
    105. "UBC and SFU award honorary degrees to His Highness the Aga Khan – University Communications – Simon Fraser University".
    106. "Event: UBC and SFU award honorary degrees to His Highness the Aga Khan". 17 October 2018.
    107. "His Highness the Aga Khan receives UCalgary honorary degree at special ceremony". 17 October 2018.
    108. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
    109. Honorary Degree Recipients (Chronological) 1892–Present Archived 3 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine. McMaster University
    110. "Aga Khan Receives Honorary Degree – Roberta Jamieson, Ed Mirvish Honorary Degree – Spring 2016 – University of Toronto Magazine". 5 September 2004. Archived from the original on 13 September 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
    111. "Past Honorary Degree Recipients". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
    112. "Honorary doctorates – Office of the President – University of Ottawa". Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
    113. "The Aga Khan receives honorary degree from Trinity College at U of T". University of Toronto. Archived from the original on 12 September 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
    114. "PIMS Honours the Aga Khan". PIMS. June 2016. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
    115. "Honorary Doctorate of Laws from the University of Sindh | Aga Khan Development Network". www.akdn.org. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
    116. "-Honoris Causa doctorate of His Highness Shah Karim Al-Hussaini, Prince Aga Khan – 20 July". Nova University of Lisbon. 3 July 2017. Archived from the original on 17 July 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
    117. Graddedigion er Anrhydedd / Honorary Graduates Archived 13 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine – website of the University of Wales
    118. Eight hundred year-old Cambridge University awards Mawlana Hazar Imam an honorary degree Archived 7 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Theismaili.org.
    119. Previous Ogden Lectures: His Highness the Aga Khan Archived 17 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine – website of the Brown University
    120. "Harvard Magazine". July 2008. Archived from the original on 26 September 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2013.
    121. "House of Commons Debates: 40th Parliamenet, 2nd Session". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons. 19 June 2009. Archived from the original on 7 May 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
    122. Halfnight, Adam McDowell and Drew (27 May 2010). "Harper makes Aga Khan honorary Canadian". National Post. ISSN 1486-8008. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
    123. "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2011. Retrieved 6 April 2011.
    124. "UCSF Medal". Office of the Chancellor. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
    125. "The Aga Khan's Direct Descent from Prophet Muhammad: Historical Proof". Ismaili Gnosis. 9 July 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2019.


    This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.