List of geneticists

• Dagfinn Aarskog (1928–2014), Norwegian pediatrician and geneticist, described Aarskog–Scott syndrome
• Jon Aase (born 1936), US dysmorphologist, described Aase syndrome, expert on fetal alcohol syndrome
• John Abelson (born c. 1939), US biochemist, studies of machinery and mechanism of RNA splicing
• Susan L. Ackerman, US neurogeneticist, genes controlling brain development and neuron survival
• Jerry Adams (born 1940), US molecular biologist in Australia, hematopoietic genetics and cancer
• Bruce Alberts (born 1938), US biochemist, phage worker, studied DNA replication and cell division
• William Allan (1881–1943), US country doctor, pioneered human genetics
• C. David Allis (born 1951), US biologist with a fascination for chromatin
• Robin Allshire (born 1960), UK-based Irish molecular biologist/geneticist and expert in formation of heterochromatin and centromeres
• Carl-Henry Alström (1907–1993), Swedish psychiatrist, described genetic disease: Alström syndrome
• Frederick Alt, American geneticist known for research on maintenance of genome stability in the cells of the mammalian immunological system
• Russ Altman, US geneticist and bioengineer known for his work in pharmacogenomics
• Sidney Altman (1939–2022), Canadian-US biophysicist who won Nobel Prize for catalytic functions of RNA
• Cecil A. Alport (1880–1959), UK internist, identified Alport syndrome (hereditary nephritis and deafness)
• David Altshuler (born c. 1965), US endocrinologist and geneticist, the genetics of type 2 diabetes
• Bruce Ames (born 1928), US molecular geneticist, created Ames test to screen chemicals for mutagenicity
• D. Bernard Amos (1923–2003), UK-US immunologist who studied the genetics of individuality
• Edgar Anderson (1897–1969), eminent US botanical geneticist
• E. G. ("Andy") Anderson (1924–1993), US Drosophila and maize geneticist
• William French Anderson (born 1936), US worker in gene therapy
• Corino Andrade (1906–2005), Portuguese neurologist and clinical geneticist
• Tim Anson (1901–1968), US molecular biologist, proposed protein folding a reversible two-state reaction
• Stylianos E. Antonarakis (born 1951), US-Greek medical geneticist, genotypic and phenotypic variation
• Werner Arber (born 1929), Swiss microbiologist, Nobel Prize for discovery of restriction endonucleases
• Enrico Arpaia (born 1949), Canadian molecular geneticist, Tay–Sachs disease, Zap70, Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase
• Michael Ashburner (born 1942), British Drosophila geneticist and polymath
• William Astbury (1898–1961), UK molecular biologist, X-ray crystallography of proteins and DNA
• Giuseppe Attardi (1923–2008), Italian-US molecular biologist, genetics of human mitochondrial function
• Charlotte Auerbach (1899–1994), German-born British pioneer in mutagenesis
• Oswald Avery (1877–1955), Canadian-born US co-discoverer that DNA is the genetic material
• Richard Axel (born 1946), US physician-scientist, Nobel Prize for genetic analysis of olfactory system

• E. B. Babcock (1877–1954), US plant geneticist, pioneered genetic analysis of genus Crepis
• Édouard-Gérard Balbiani (1823–1899), French embryologist who found chromosome puffs now called Balbiani rings
• David Baltimore (born 1938), US biologist, Nobel Prize for the discovery of reverse transcriptase
• Guido Barbujani (born 1955), Italian population geneticist and evolutionary biologist
• Cornelia Bargmann (born 1961), US molecular neurogeneticist studying the C. elegans brain
• David P. Bartel (B.A. 1982), US geneticist, discovered many microRNAs regulating gene expression
• William Bateson (1861–1926), British geneticist who coined the term "genetics"
• E. Baur (1875–1933), German geneticist, botanist, discovered inheritance of plasmids
• George Beadle (1903–1989), US Neurospora geneticist and Nobel Prize-winner
• Peter Emil Becker (1908–2000), German human geneticist, described Becker's muscular dystrophy
• Jon Beckwith (born 1935), US microbiologist and geneticist, isolated first gene from a bacterial chromosome
• Peter Beighton (born 1934), UK/South Africa medical geneticist
• Julia Bell (1879–1979), English geneticist who documented inheritance of many diseases
• John Belling (1866–1933), English cytogeneticist who developed staining technique for chromosomes
• Baruj Benacerraf (1920–2011), Venezuelan-US immunologist who won Nobel Prize for human leukocyte antigen system
• Kurt Benirschke (1924–2018), German-US pathologist, comparative cytogenetics, twinning in armadillos
• Seymour Benzer (1921–2007), US molecular biologist and pioneer of neurogenetics
• Dorothea Bennett (1929–1990), US geneticist, Pioneer of developmental genetics
• Paul Berg (1926–2023), US biochemist and Nobel Prize-winner for basic research on nucleic acids
• J. D. Bernal (1901–1971), Irish physicist and pioneer X-ray crystallographer
• James Birchler, Drosophila and Maize geneticists and cytogenticist.
• J. Michael Bishop (born 1936), US microbial immunogeneticist, Nobel Prize-winner for oncogenes
• Elizabeth Blackburn (born 1948), Australo-US biologist, Lasker Award and Nobel Prize for telomeres and telomerase
• Günter Blobel (1936–2018), German-US biologist, Nobel Prize for protein targeting (address tags on proteins)
• David Blow (1931–2004), British biophysicist who helped develop X-ray crystallography of proteins
• Baruch Blumberg (Barry Blumberg) (1925–2011), US physician and Nobel Prize-winner on hepatitis B
• Julia Bodmer (1934–2001), British geneticist, key figure in discovery and definition of the HLA system
• Walter Bodmer (born 1936), German-UK human population geneticist, immunogeneticist, cancer research
• James Bonner (1910–1996), far-ranging US molecular biologist, into histones, chromatin, nucleic acids
• David Botstein (born 1942), Swiss-born US molecular geneticist, brother of Leon Botstein
• Theodor Boveri (1862–1915), German biologist and cytogeneticist
• Peter Bowen (1932–1988), Canadian medical geneticist
• Herb Boyer (born 1936), US, created transgenic bacteria inserting human insulin gene into E. coli
• Paul D. Boyer (1918–2018), US biochemist and Nobel Prize-winner
• Jean Brachet (1909–1998), Belgian biochemist, made key contributions to fathoming roles of RNA
• Roscoe Brady (1923–2016), US physician-scientist at NIH, studies of genetic neurological metabolic disorders
• Sydney Brenner (1927–2019), British molecular biologist and Nobel Prize-winner
• Calvin Bridges (1889–1938), US geneticist, non-disjunction proof that chromosomes contain genes
• R. A. Brink (1897–1984), Canadian-US plant geneticist and breeder, studied paramutation, transposons
• Roy Britten (1919–2012) US molecular and evolutionary biologist, discovered and studied junk DNA
• John Brookfield (born 1955), Drosophila population geneticist
• Michael Stuart Brown (born 1941), US geneticist and Nobel Prize-winner on cholesterol metabolism
• Manuel Buchwald (born 1940), Peruvian-born Canadian medical geneticist and molecular geneticist
• Linda Buck (born 1947), US biologist, Nobel Prize for post-doc work (with Axel) cloning olfactory receptors
• James Bull, US molecular biologist and phage worker, evolution of sex determining mechanisms
• Luther Burbank (1849–1926), US botanist, horticulturist, pioneer in agricultural science
• Macfarlane Burnet (1899–1985), Australian biologist, Nobel Prize for immunological tolerance
• Cyril Burt (1883–1971), British educational psychologist, did debated mental and behavioral twin study

• John Cairns (1922–2018), UK physician-scientist, showed bacterial DNA one molecule with replicating fork
• Allan Campbell (1929–2018), US microbiologist and geneticist, pioneering work on phage lambda
• Howard Cann, US pediatrician and geneticist, human population genetics at Stanford and CEPH in Paris
• Antonio Cao (1929–2012), Italian pediatrician and medical geneticist, expert on the thalassemias
• Mario Capecchi (born 1937), Italian-born US molecular geneticist, co-invented the knockout mouse, Nobel Prize in Medicine, 2007
• Elof Axel Carlson (born 1931), US geneticist and eminent historian of science
• Rivka Carmi (born 1948), Israeli pediatrician, geneticist, President of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
• Adelaide Carpenter (born 1944), a geneticist known for her research on recombination nodule
• Hampton L. Carson (1914–2004), US population geneticist, studied cytogenetics and evolution of Drosophila
• Tom Caskey (born c. 1938), US internist, human geneticist and entrepreneur; biochemical diseases
• Torbjörn Caspersson (1910–1997), Swedish cytogeneticist, revealed human chromosome banding
• William B. Castle (1897–1990), US hematologist, work on hereditary spherocytosis, sickle cell anemia
• William E. Castle (1867–1962), US geneticist, inspired T.H. Morgan, father of William B. Castle
• David Catcheside (1907–1994), UK plant geneticist, expert on genetic recombination, active in Australia
• Bruce Cattanach (1932–2020), UK mouse geneticist, X-inactivation and sex determination in mice
• Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza (1922–2018), Italian population geneticist at Stanford University
• Thomas Cech (born 1947), US biochemist who won Nobel Prize for catalytic functions of RNA
• Aravinda Chakravarti (born 1954), Indian-born bioinformatician studying genetic factors in common diseases
• Daniel Chamovitz (born 1963), discovered the COP9 Signalosome (CSN) complex
• Jean-Pierre Changeux (born 1936), French molecular neurobiologist, studied allosteric proteins
• Erwin Chargaff (1905–2002), Austrian-born US biochemist, Chargaff's rules led to the double helix
• Brian Charlesworth (born 1945), British evolutionary biologist, husband of Deborah Charlesworth
• Deborah Charlesworth (born 1943), British evolutionary biologist, wife of Brian Charlesworth
• Martha Chase (1927–2003), US biologist, with Hersey proved genetic material is DNA, not protein
• Sergei Chetverikov (1880–1959), Russian population geneticist
• Barton Childs (1916–2010), US pediatrician, biochemical geneticist, philosopher of medical genetics
• George M. Church (born 1954), US molecular geneticist, did first direct genomic sequencing with Gilbert
• Aaron Ciechanover (born 1947), Israeli biologist, won Nobel Prize for ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation
• Bryan Clarke (1932–2014), British population geneticist, studied apostatic selection and molecular evolution
• Cyril Clarke (1907–2000), British medical geneticist, discovered how to prevent Rh disease in newborns
• Jens Clausen (1891–1969), Danish-US botanist, geneticist, and ecologist
• Stanley Cohen (1922–2020), US neurobiologist, Nobel Prize for cell growth factors
• Francis Collins (born 1950), US medical geneticist, gene cloner, director of Human Genome Institute
• James J. Collins (born 1965), US bioengineer, pioneered synthetic biology and systems biology
• Robert Corey (1897–1971), US biochemist, α-helix, β-sheet and atomic models for proteins
• Carl Correns (1864–1933), German botanist and geneticist, one of the re-discoverers of Mendel in 1900
• Lewis L. Coriell (1911–2001), US pioneer in culturing human cells
• Diane W. Cox, Canadian medical geneticist and expert on Wilson's disease
• Harriet Creighton (1909–2004), US botanist who with McClintock first saw chromosomal crossover
• Francis Crick (1916–2004), English molecular biologist, neuroscientist, co-discoverer of the double helix
• James F. Crow (1916–2012), US population geneticist and renowned teacher of genetics
• Lucien Cuénot (1866–1951), French biologist, proved Mendel's rules apply to animals as well as plants
• A. Jamie Cuticchia (born 1966), US geneticist, into human genome informatics

• Mark Daly, American geneticist who identified genes associated with Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, autism and schizophrenia
• David M. Danks (1931–2003), Australian pediatrician and medical geneticist, expert on Menkes disease
• C. D. Darlington (1903–1981), British biologist and geneticist, elucidated chromosomal crossover
• Charles Darwin (1809–1882), English naturalist and author of On the Origin of Species
• Kay Davies (born 1951), English geneticist, expert on muscular dystrophy
• Jean Dausset (1916–2009), French immunogeneticist and Nobel Prize-winner for the HLA system
• Martin Dawson (1896–1945), Canadian-US researcher, confirmed and named genetic transformation
• Margaret Dayhoff (1925–1983), US pioneer in bioinformatics of protein sequences and evolution
• Albert de la Chapelle (1933–2020), eminent Finnish medical geneticist, genetic predisposition to cancer
• Max Delbrück (1906–1981), German-US scientist, Nobel Prize for genetic structure of viruses
• Charles DeLisi (born 1941), US biophysicist, led the initiative that planned and launched the Human Genome Project
• Emmanouil Dermitzakis (born 1972), Greek human geneticist known for research on the importance of non-coding DNA in evolution and disease risk
• Félix d'Herelle (1873–1949), Canadian-French microbiologist, discovered phages, invented phage therapy
• Hugo de Vries (1848–1935), Dutch botanist and one of the re-discoverers of Mendel's laws in 1900
• Carrie Derrick (1862–1941), Canadian geneticist, Canada's first female professor
• M. Demerec (1895–1966), Croatian-US geneticist, directed Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
• Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900–1975), noted Ukrainian-US geneticist and evolutionary biologist
• John Doebley, (born 1952), US geneticist, studies genes that drive development and evolution of plants
• Peter Doherty (born 1940), Australian, won Nobel Prize for immune recognition of antigens
• Albert Dorfman (1916–1982), US biochemical geneticist, discovered cause of Hurler's syndrome
• Gabriel Dover (1937–2018), British evolutionary geneticist
• Dennis Drayna, (born 1952), American human geneticist most notable for discovering genetic causes of stuttering
• NT Dubinin (1907–1998), Russian biologist and geneticist
• Peter Duesberg (born 1936), German-American molecular biologist who discovered oncogenes
• Bernard Dutrillaux (born 1940), French cytogeneticist, chromosome banding, comparative cytogenetics
• Christian de Duve (1917–2013), Belgian cytologist, Nobel Prize for cell organelles (peroxisomes, lysosomes)

• Richard H. Ebright (born 1959), US bacterial geneticist, molecular mechanisms of transcription and transcriptional regulation
• Robert Stuart Edgar (1930-2016), US geneticist, elucidated the function of bacterial virus genes
• A.W.F. Edwards (born 1935), British statistician, geneticist, developed methods of phylogenetic analysis
• John Edwards (1928–2007), British medical geneticist and cytogeneticist who first described trisomy 18
• Hans Eiberg (born 1945), Danish geneticist, discovered the mutation causing blue eyes
• Eugene "Gene" J. Eisen (born 1938), US geneticist, experimental validation of the theory of genetic correlations; first to conduct a long-term selection experiment with transgenic mice
• Jeff Ellis (born 1953), Australian plant biologist concerned with plant disease resistance genes
• R. A. Emerson (1873–1947), US plant geneticist, the main pioneer of corn genetics
• Sterling Emerson (1900–1988), US, biochemical genetics, recombination, son of R. A. Emerson
• Alan Emery (born 1928), British neuromuscular geneticist, Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
• Boris Ephrussi (1901–1979), Russian-born French geneticist, created way to transplant chromosomes
• Robert C. Elston (born 1932), British-born American biostatistical genetics and genetic epidemiologist
• Charlie Epstein (1933–2011), US medical geneticist, editor, developed mouse model for Down syndrome, wounded by the Unabomber
• Richard Epstein (1929 – 2011), US geneticist in Switzerland, Professor of Genetics and Director of the Department of Molecular Biology of the University of Geneva; seminal contributions to bacterial virus genetics.
• Eleazar Eskin, professor and Chair of the Department of Computational Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
• Herbert McLean Evans (1882–1971), US anatomist, reported in 1918 humans had 48 chromosomes
• Martin Evans (born 1941), British scientist, discovered embryonic stem cells and developed knockout mouse
• Cassandra Extavour, Canadian American geneticist and Professor of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University
• Warren Ewens (born 1937), Australian-US mathematical population geneticist, Ewens's sampling formula

• Alexander Cyril Fabergé (1912–1988), Russian-born Anglo-American geneticist, grandson of Carl Fabergé
• Arturo Falaschi (1933–2010), Italian geneticist, researched the origin of DNA replication
• D. S. Falconer (1913–2004), Scottish quantitative geneticist, wrote textbook to the subject
• Darrel R. Falk (born 1946), US biologist
• Stanley Falkow (1934–2018), US microbial geneticist, molecular mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis
• Harold Falls (1909–2006), US ophthalmologic geneticist, helped found first genetics clinic in US
• William C. Farabee (1865–1925), US anthropologist, brachydactyly is evidence of Mendelism in humans
• Nina Fedoroff (born c. 1945), US plant geneticist, cloning of transposable elements, plant stress response
• Malcolm Ferguson-Smith (born 1931) UK cytogeneticist, Klinefelter syndrome, chromosome flow cytometry
• Philip J. Fialkow (1934–1996), US internist, educator, research in medical genetics and cancer genetics
• Giorgio Filippi (1935–1996), Italian medical geneticist, researched diseases linked to X chromosome
• J. R. S. Fincham (1926–2005), UK microbial (Neurospora) and biochemical geneticist
• Gerald Fink (born 1941), US molecular geneticist, preeminent figure in the field of yeast genetics
• Hilary Finucane, computational biologist with research focus on combining genetic data and molecular data to characterize mechanisms of disease
• Andrew Fire (born 1959), US geneticist, Nobel Prize with Mello for discovery of RNA interference
• Robert L. Fischer (born 1950), US geneticist, contributed to the understanding of genomic imprinting and epigenetics
• R. A. Fisher (1890–1962), British stellar statistician, evolutionary biologist, and geneticist
• Ed Fischer (1920–2021), Swiss-US biochemist, Nobel Prize for phosphorylation as switch activating proteins
• Eugen Fischer (1874–1967), German physician, anthropologist, eugenicist, influenced Nazi racial hygiene
• Ivar Asbjørn Følling (1888–1973), Norwegian biochemist and physician who discovered phenylketonuria (PKU)
• E. B. Ford (1901–1988), British ecological geneticist, specializing in butterflies and moths
• Charles Ford (1912–1999), British pioneer in the golden age of mammalian cytogenetics
• Ruth Fowler Edwards (1930–2013), British geneticist who helped develop controlled ovulation induction in the mouse
• Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat (1910–1999), German-born US biochemist who studied tobacco mosaic virus
• Rosalind Franklin (1920–1958), British crystallographer whose data led to discovery of double helix
• Clarke Fraser (1920–2014), Canada's first medical geneticist, student of congenital malformations
• Elaine Fuchs (born c. 1951), US cell biologist, molecular mechanisms of skin diseases, reverse genetics
• Walter Fuhrmann (1924–1995), German medical geneticist, at Giessen University
• Douglas J. Futuyma (born 1942), US evolutionary and ecological biologist

• Michael T. Gabbett (born 1974), Australian medical geneticist and academic, known for describing Temple–Baraitser syndrome and sesquizygotic twinning
• Fred Gage (born 1950), US neuroscientist, studies of neurogenesis and neuroplasticity of the adult brain
• Joseph G. Gall (born 1928), distinguished US cell biologist, chromosomes, created in situ hybridization
• André Gallais, French specialist in quantitative genetics and breeding methods theory
• Francis Galton (1822–1911), British geneticist, eugenicist, statistician
• George Gamow (1904–1968), Ukrainian-born American polymath, proposed genetic code concept
• Eldon J. Gardner (1909–1989), US professor of genetics in Utah, described Gardner's syndrome
• Alan Garen (1926–2022), US, early molecular geneticist, nonsense triplets terminating transcription
• Archibald Garrod (1857–1936), English physician, pioneered inborn errors, founded biochemical genetics
• Stan Gartler (born 1923), US human geneticist, G6PD as X-linked marker, clonality of cancer, HeLa cells contaminating cell lines
• Lihadh Al-Gazali (born 1948), Iraqi geneticist, research on congenital disorders in the United Arab Emirates
• Luigi Gedda (1902–2000), Italian geneticist best known for his fascination with twin studies
• Walter Gehring (1939–2014), Swiss, developmental genetics of Drosophila, discovered homeobox
• Park S. Gerald (1921–1993), US medical geneticist, research on hemoglobins and chromosomes
• James L. German, US medical geneticist and cytogeneticist, pioneer on Bloom syndrome
• Walter Gilbert (born 1932), US biochemist and molecular biologist, Nobel Prize-winner, entrepreneur
• H. Bentley Glass (1906–2005), US geneticist, provocative science theorizer, writer, science policy maker
• Salome Gluecksohn-Waelsch (1907–2007), German-born US co-founder of developmental genetics
• Richard Goldschmidt (1878–1958), German-American, integrated genetics, development, and evolution
• Joseph L. Goldstein (born 1940), US medical geneticist, Nobel Prize-winner on cholesterol
• Richard M. Goodman (1932–1989), US-Israeli clinical geneticist, pioneered Jewish genetic diseases
• Robert J. Gorlin (1923–2006), US oral pathologist, clinical geneticist, craniofacial syndrome expert
• Irving I. Gottesman (1930–2016), US behavioral geneticist, used twin studies to analyze schizophrenia
• Carol W. Greider (born 1961), US molecular biologist, Lasker Award and Nobel Prize for telomeres and telomerase
• Frederick Griffith (1879–1941), British medical officer who found transforming principle now called DNA
• Lyn R. Griffiths, distinguished Australian molecular geneticist known for her work in neurogenetics
• Clifford Grobstein (1916–1998), US scientist, bridged classical embryology and developmental biology
• Jean de Grouchy (1926–2003), French pioneer of clinical cytogenetics and karyotype–phenotype correlation
• Hans Grüneberg (1907–1982), British mouse geneticist and blood cell biologist
• Pierre-Henri Gouyon (born 1953), French biologist specializing in genetics and bioethics
• Elliot S. Goldstein, US geneticist at Arizona State University
• Alexander Gusev (scientist), human geneticist with a focus on oncogenomics

• Ernst Hadorn (1902–1976), Swiss pioneer in developmental genetics, mentor of Walter Gehring
• JBS Haldane (1892–1964), brilliant British human geneticist and co-founder of population genetics
• Ben Hall, US geneticist, DNA:RNA hybridization, yeast production of genetically engineered proteins
• Judy Hall (born 1939), dual American and Canadian charismatic clinical geneticist and dysmorphologist
• Dean Hamer (born 1951) US geneticist, postulated gay gene and God gene for religious experience
• John Hamerton (1929–2006), UK-Canadian cytogeneticist, prenatal diagnostician, bioethicist
• W. D. Hamilton (1936–2000), British evolutionary biologist and eminent evolutionary theorist
• Phil Hanawalt (born 1931), US geneticist, discovered DNA repair replication
• Anita Harding (1952–1995), UK neurologist, first mitochondrial DNA mutation in disease
• G. H. Hardy (1877–1947), British mathematician, formulated basic law of population genetics
• Henry Harpending (1944–2016), US anthropologist and human population geneticist
• Harry Harris (1919–1994), British biochemical geneticist concerted with genetic variation between individuals
• Henry Harris (1925–2014), Australian-born cell biologist, work on cancer and human genetics
• Lee Hartwell (born 1939), US yeast geneticist, Nobel Prize, "start" gene and checkpoints in the cell cycle
• Mogens Hauge (1922–1988), Danish medical geneticist and twin researcher
• Donald Hawthorne (1926–2003), US, major contributor to yeast genetics, centromere-linked gene maps
• William Hayes (1918–1994), Australian physician, microbiologist and geneticist, bacterial conjugation
• Robert Haynes (1931–1998), Canadian geneticist and biophysicist, work on DNA repair and mutagenesis
• Frederick Hecht (born 1930), US clinical geneticist, cytogeneticist, coined term fragile site
• Michael Heidelberger (1888–1991) US pioneer of modern immunology, won two Lasker Awards
• Martin Heisenberg (born 1940), German geneticist, neurobiologist, genetic study of brain of Drosophila
• Charles Roy Henderson, (1911–1989), US animal geneticist, basis for genetic evaluation of livestock, developed statistical methods used in animal breeding
• Al Hershey (1908–1997), US bacterial geneticist, Nobel Prize largely for Hershey–Chase experiment
• Ira Herskowitz (1946–2003), US phage and yeast geneticist, genetic regulatory circuits and mechanisms
• Len Herzenberg (1931–2013), US human geneticist, immunologist, cell biologist and cell sorter
• Avram Hershko (born 1937), Israeli biologist, Nobel Prize for ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation
• Kurt Hirschhorn (born 1926), Viennese-born American pediatrician, medical geneticist, cytogeneticist; described Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome
• Mahlon Hoagland (1921–2009), US physician and biochemist, co-discovered tRNA with Paul Zamecnik
• Dorothy Hodgkin (1910–1994), British founder of protein crystallography and Nobel Prize winner
• Robert W. Holley (1922–1993), US biochemist, structure of transfer RNA, Nobel Prize
• Leroy Hood (born 1938), US molecular biotechnologist, created DNA and protein sequencers and synthesizers
• Norman Horowitz (1915–2005), US geneticist, one gene-one enzyme, chemical evolution, space biology
• H. Robert Horvitz (born 1947), US cell biologist, Nobel Prize for programmed cell death
• David E. Housman, US molecular biologist, genetic basis of trinucleotide repeat diseases and cancer
• Martha M. Howe, US phage geneticist, notable contributions to the study of phage Mu
• T. C. Hsu (1917–2003), distinguished Chinese-American cell biologist, geneticist, cytogeneticist
• Thomas J. Hudson (born 1961), Canadian genome scientist, maps of human and mouse genomes
• David Hungerford (1927–1993), US co-discoverer of Philadelphia chromosome in CML
• Tim Hunt (born 1943), UK biochemist, Nobel Prize for discovery of cyclins in cell cycle control
• Charles Leonard Huskins (1897–1953), English-born Canadian cytogeneticist at McGill University and University of Wisconsin–Madison

• Harvey Itano (1920–2010), American biochemist and pioneer in the study of sickle cell disease

• François Jacob (1920–2013), French biologist, won Nobel Prize for bacterial gene control
• Patricia A. Jacobs (born 1934), Scottish human geneticist and cytogeneticist
• Albert Jacquard (1925–2013), French geneticist, essayist, humanist, activist
• Rudolf Jaenisch (born 1942), German cell biologist, created transgenic mice, leader in therapeutic cloning
• Richard Jefferson (born 1956), US molecular plant biologist in Australia, reporter gene system GUS
• Alec Jeffreys (born 1950), British geneticist, developed DNA fingerprinting and DNA profiling techniques
• Niels Kaj Jerne (1911–1994), Danish, greatest theoretician in modern immunology, Nobel Prize
• Elizabeth W. Jones (1939–2008) US yeast geneticist, first to complete the University of Washington graduate genetics program
• Wilhelm Johannsen (1857–1927), Danish botanist who in 1909 coined the word "gene"
• Jonathan D. G. Jones (born 1954), British plant molecular biologist
• Steve Jones (born 1944), British evolutionary geneticist and malacologist
• Christian Jung (born 1956), German plant geneticist and molecular biologist

• Dronamraju Krishna Rao (1937–2020), Indian born geneticist, founder of Foundation of Genetic Research
• Elvin Kabat (1914–2000) US immunochemist, a founder of modern immunology, antibody-combining sites
• Henrik Kacser (1918–1995), Romanian-born UK biochemist and geneticist, worked on metabolic control
• Axel Kahn (1944–2021), French scientist and geneticist, known for work on genetically modified plants
• Patricia Kailis (1933–2020), Australian geneticist
• Franz Josef Kallmann (1897–1965), German-US psychiatrist, pioneer in genetics of psychiatric diseases
• Wojciech Karlowski (born 1966), Polish molecular biologist specializing in molecular genetics and genomics
• Gopinath Kartha (1927–1984), Indian biophysicist, co-discovered triple-helix structure of collagen
• Berwind P. Kaufmann (1897–1975), US botanist, did research in basic plant and animal cytogenetics
• John Kendrew (1917–1997), UK crystallographer, won Nobel Prize for structure of myoglobin
• Cynthia Kenyon (born c. 1955), US molecular biologist, genetics of aging in the worm C. elegans
• Warwick Estevam Kerr (1922–2018) Brazilian expert in the genetics and sex determination of bees
• Bernard Kettlewell (1907–1979), UK physician, lepidopterist, ecological geneticist, peppered moth
• Seymour Kety (1915–2000), US neuroscientist, essential involvement of genetic factors in schizophrenia
• Gobind Khorana (1922–2011), Indian-US molecular biologist, synthesized nucleic acids, Nobel Prize
• Motoo Kimura (1924–1994), influential Japanese mathematical biologist in theoretical population genetics
• Mary-Claire King (born 1946), US human geneticist and social activist, identified breast cancer genes
• David Klein, (1908–1993), Swiss ophthalmologist and human geneticist
• Harold Klinger (1929–2004), US pioneer on human chromosomes, founded journal Cytogenetics
• Aaron Klug (1926–2018), Lithuania/South Africa/UK, Nobel Prize for developing electron crystallography
• Al Knudson (1922–2016), US pediatric oncologist, geneticist, formulated two hit hypothesis of cancer
• Georges J. F. Köhler (1946–1995), German, Nobel Prize for hybridomas making monoclonal antibodies
• Arthur Kornberg (1918–2007), US biochemist, Nobel Prize on DNA synthesis, father of Roger Kornberg
• Roger Kornberg (born 1947), US biologist, Nobel Prize on eukaryotic transcription
• Hans Kornberg (1928–2019), German-UK biologist, studies of carbohydrate transport
• Ed Krebs (1918–2009), US biochemist, Nobel Prize for phosphorylation as switch activating proteins
• Martin Kreitman, US geneticist known for the McDonald–Kreitman test that is used to infer adaptive evolution in population genetic studies
• Eric Kremer, US molecular biologist, found trinucleotide repeat in fragile X, research now in gene therapy
• Shrawan Kumar, Indian-American geneticist, gene mapping and cloning, discovered Branchio-Oto-Renal syndrome and ADPKD2 genes
• Henry Kunkel (1916–1983), US immunologist, created starch gel electrophoresis to separate proteins

• Bruce Lahn (born 1969), Chinese-born geneticist specializing in evolutionary changes of the human brain
• Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829), French naturalist, evolutionist, "inheritance of acquired traits"
• Eric Lander (born 1957), US molecular geneticist, major contributor to Human Genome Project
• Karl Landsteiner (1868–1943), Austrian-American pathologist, won Nobel Prize for blood group discoveries
• André Langaney, French evolutionary geneticist
• Derald Langham (1913–1991), US agricultural geneticist, the "father of sesame"
• Sam Latt (1938–1988), US pioneer in molecular cytogenetics, fluorescent DNA chromosome probes
• Philip Leder (1934–2020), US geneticist, method to decode genetic code, transgenic animals to study cancer
• Esther Lederberg (1922–2006), US microbiologist and bacterial genetics pioneer
• Joshua Lederberg (1925–2008), US molecular biologist, Nobel Prize, headed Rockefeller University
• Jérôme Lejeune (1926–1994), French pediatrician, geneticist, discovered trisomy 21 in Down syndrome
• Richard Lenski (born 1956), US biologist and phage worker, did long-term E. coli evolution experiment
• Fritz Lenz (1887–1976), German geneticist and eugenicist, ideas influenced Nazi racial hygiene policies
• Widukind Lenz (1919–1995), eminent German medical geneticist who recognized thalidomide syndrome
• Leonard Lerman (1925–2012), US molecular biologist, phage worker, mentor of Nobel Prize-winner Sidney Altman
• I. Michael Lerner (1910–1977), Russian-US contributor to population, quantitative and evolutionary genetics
• Albert Levan (1905–1998), Swedist geneticist, co-authored report that humans have 46 chromosomes
• Cyrus Levinthal (1922–1990), US molecular geneticist, DNA replication, mRNA, molecular graphics
• Edward B. Lewis (1918–2004), US founder of developmental genetics and Nobel Prize-winner
• Richard Lewontin (1929–2021), US evolutionary biologist, geneticist and social commentator
• C. C. Li (1912–2003), eminent Chinese American population geneticist and human geneticist
• Wen-Hsiung Li (born 1942), Taiwanese-American, molecular evolution, population genetics, genomics
• David Linder (1923–1999), US pathologist and geneticist, used G6PD as X-linked clonal tumor marker
• Susan Lindquist (1949–2016), US molecular biologist studying effects of protein folding and heat-shock proteins
• Jan Lindsten (born 1935), eminent Swedish medical geneticist, secretary general of the Nobel Assembly
• Fritz Lipmann (1899–1986), German-American biochemist, Nobel Prize for co-discovery of coenzyme A
• C. C. Little (1888–1971), US pioneer mouse geneticist, founded Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine
• Richard Losick (born 1943), US molecular biologist, RNA polymerase, gene transcription, bacterial development
• Herbert Lubs (born c. 1928), US internist, medical geneticist, described "marker X" (fragile X chromosome)
• Salvador Luria (1912–1991), Italian-American molecular biologist, Nobel Prize for bacteriophage genetics
• Jay Lush (1896–1982), US animal geneticist who pioneered modern scientific animal breeding
• Michael Lynch (born 1951), US quantitative geneticist studying evolution, population genetics, and genomics
• Mary F. Lyon (1925–2014), English mouse geneticist, noted X-inactivation and proposed Lyon hypothesis
• David T. Lykken (1928–2006), US psychologist and behavioral geneticist known for twin studies
• Trofim Lysenko (1898–1976), Soviet scientist, led vicious political campaign against genetics in USSR

• Ellen Magenis (1925–2014), US medical geneticist and cytogeneticist, Smith–Magenis syndrome
• Phyllis McAlpine (1941–1998), Canadian human geneticist and gene mapper
• Maclyn McCarty (1911–2005), US co-discoverer that DNA is the genetic material
• Barbara McClintock (1902–1992), US cytogeneticist, Nobel Prize for genetic transposition
• William McGinnis, US molecular geneticist, found homeobox (Hox) genes responsible for basic body plan
• Victor A. McKusick (1921–2008), US internist and clinical geneticist, organized human genetic knowledge
• Colin MacLeod (1909–1972), Canadian-American co-discoverer that DNA is the genetic material
• Tak Wah Mak (born 1946), Chinese-Canadian molecular biologist, co-discovered human T cell receptor genes
• Gustave Malécot (1911–1998), French mathematician who influenced population genetics
• Tom Maniatis (born 1943), US molecular biologist, gene cloning, regulation of gene expression
• Clement Markert (1917–1999), eminent US biologist, discovered isozymes
• Joan Marks, US social worker, principal architect of the profession of genetic counselor
• Marco Marra (born 1966), Canadian geneticist known for demonstrating the role of genomics in human health and disease research.
• Richard E. Marshall (1933–2016), US paediatrician, Greig's syndrome I, Marshall–Smith syndrome
• John Maynard Smith (1920–2004), British evolutionary biologist and population geneticist
• Ernst Mayr (1904–2005), leading German-born American evolutionary biologist
• Peter Medawar (1915–1987), Brazilian-born English scientist, Nobel Prize for immunological tolerance
• Craig C. Mello (born 1960), US geneticist, Nobel Prize for discovery of RNA interference
• Gregor Mendel (1822–1884), Bohemian monk who discovered laws of Mendelian inheritance
• Carole Meredith, US geneticist who pioneered DNA typing to differentiate between grape varieties
• Matthew Meselson (born 1930), US molecular geneticist, work on DNA replication, recombination, repair
• Peter Michaelis (1900–1975), German plant geneticist, focused on cytoplasmic inheritance
• Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin (1855–1935), Russian plant geneticist, scientific agricultural selection
• Friedrich Miescher (1844–1895), Swiss biologist, found weak acid in white blood cells now called DNA
• Margareta Mikkelsen (1923–2004), eminent German-born Danish human geneticist and cytogeneticist
• Lois K. Miller (1945–1999), entomologist and molecular geneticist, studied insect viruses
• O. J. Miller, US physician, human and mammalian genetics and chromosome structure and function
• César Milstein (1927–2002), Argentine-UK, Nobel Prize for hybridomas making monoclonal antibodies
• Aubrey Milunsky (born c. 1936), South African-US physician, medical geneticist, writer, prenatal diagnosis
• Alfred Mirsky (1900–1974), US pioneer in molecular biology, hemoglobin structure, constancy of DNA
• Herschel K. Mitchell (1913 -2000), US Research on Drosophila (fruit flies), in particular the genetics and biochemistry of the heat shock response.
• Felix Mitelman (born 1940), Swedish cancer geneticist and cytogeneticist, catalog of chromosomes in cancer
• Jan Mohr (1921–2009), eminent Norwegian-Danish pioneer in human gene mapping
• Jacques Monod (1910–1976), French molecular biologist, Nobel Prize-winner
• Lilian Vaughan Morgan (1870–1952), wife of T. H. Morgan and a fine geneticist in her own right
• T. H. Morgan (1866–1945), head of the "fly room," first geneticist to win the Nobel Prize
• Newton E. Morton (1929–2018), population geneticist and genetic epidemiologist
• Arno Motulsky (1923–2018), German-US hematologist who influenced medical genetics and founded pharmacogenetics
• Arthur Mourant (1904–1994), British hematologist, first to examine worldwide blood group distributions
• H. J. Muller (1890–1967), US Drosophila geneticist, Nobel Prize for producing mutations by X-rays
• Hans J. Müller-Eberhard (1927–1998), German-US immunogeneticist, immunoglobulins and complement
• Kary Mullis (1944–2019), US biochemist, Nobel Prize for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

• Walter E. Nance (born 1933), US internist and geneticist, research on twins and genetics of deafness
• Daniel Nathans (1928–1999), US microbiologist, Nobel Prize for restriction endonucleases
• James V. Neel (1915–2000), distinguished human geneticist, founded first genetics clinic in the US
• Fred Neidhardt, US microbiologist, pioneer in molecular physiology and proteomics of E. coli
• Oliver Nelson (1920–2001), US maize geneticist, profound impact on agriculture and basic genetics
• Walter Nelson-Rees (1929–2009), US cytogeneticist, confirmed HeLa cells contamination of other cell lines
• Eugene W. Nester, US microbial geneticist, genetics of Agrobacterium (crown gall formation)
• Carl Neuberg (1877–1956), early pioneer of the study of metabolism.
• Hans Neurath (1909–2002), Austrian-US protein chemist, helped set stage for proteomics
• Marshall W. Nirenberg (1927–2010), US geneticist, biochemist and Nobel Prize-winner
• Eva Nogales, Spanish biophysicist studying eukaryotic transcription and translation initiation complexes
• Edward Novitski (1918–2006), eminent US Drosophila geneticist, pioneer in chromosome mechanics
• Paul Nurse (born 1949), UK biochemist, Nobel Prize for work on CDK, a key regulator of the cell cycle
• Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (born 1942), German developmental biologist and Nobel Prize-winner
• William Nyhan (born 1926), US pediatrician and biochemical geneticist, described Lesch–Nyhan syndrome

• Severo Ochoa (1905–1993), Spanish-American biochemist, Nobel Prize for work on the synthesis of RNA
• Susumu Ohno (1928–2000), Japanese-US biologist, evolutionary cytogenetics and molecular evolution
• Tomoko Ohta (born 1933), Japanese scientist in molecular evolution, the nearly neutral theory of evolution
• Pete Oliver (1898–1991), US geneticist, switched from Drosophila to human genetics
• Olufunmilayo Olopade (born 1957), oncologist known for research on genetics of breast cancer and health disparities
• Jane M. Olson (1952–2004), US genetic epidemiologist and biostatistician
• Maynard Olson (born 1943), US geneticist, pioneered map of yeast genome and Human Genome Project
• John Opitz (born 1935), German-American medical geneticist, expert on dysmorphology and syndromes
• Harry Ostrer, US medical geneticist, studies origins of Jewish peoples
• Ray Owen (1915–2014), US geneticist, immunologist, found cattle blood groups and chimeric twin calves

• Svante Pääbo (born 1955), Swedish molecular anthropologist in Leipzig studying Neanderthal genome
• David Page (born 1956), US physician and geneticist who mapped, cloned and sequenced the human Y chromosome
• Theophilus Painter (1889–1969), US zoologist, studied fruit fly and human testis chromosomes
• Arthur Pardee (1921–2019), US scientist who discovered restriction point in the cell cycle
• Klaus Patau (1908–1975), German-American cytogeneticist, described trisomy 13
• John Thomas Patterson (1878–1960), American embryologist and geneticist who studied isolating mechanisms
• Andrew H. Paterson, US geneticist, research leader in plant genomics
• Linus Pauling (1901–1994), eminent US chemist, won Nobel Prizes for chemical bonds and peace
• Crodowaldo Pavan (1919–2009), Brazilian biologist, fly geneticist, and influential scientist in Brazil
• Rose Payne (1909–1999), US transplant geneticist, key to discovery and development of HLA system
• Raymond Pearl (1879–1940), US biologist, biostatistician, rejected eugenics
• Karl Pearson (1857–1936), British statistician, made key contributions to genetic analysis
• Caroline Pellew (1882–1963), British geneticist
• LS Penrose (1898–1972), British psychiatrist, human geneticist, pioneered genetics of mental retardation
• Max Perutz (1914–2002), Austrian-British molecular biologist, Nobel Prize for structure of hemoglobin
• Massimo Pigliucci (born 1964), Italian-US plant ecological and evolutionary geneticist. Winner of the Dobzhansky Prize.
• Alfred Ploetz (1860–1940), German physician, biologist, eugenicist, introduced racial hygiene to Germany
• Robert Plomin (born 1948), American/British psychologist and geneticist known for his work in twin studies
• Paul Polani (1914–2006), Trieste-born UK pediatrician, major catalyst of medical genetics in Britain
• Charles Pomerat (1905–1951), US cell biologist, pioneered the field of tissue culture
• Guido Pontecorvo (1907–1999), Italian-born Scottish geneticist and pioneer molecular biologist
• Alkes Price, American geneticist known for statistical methods to draw inference from genetic data, including genomic ancestry quantification and heritability estimation
• George R. Price (1922–1975), brilliant but troubled US population geneticist and theoretical biologist
• Peter Propping (1942–2016), German human geneticist, studies of epilepsy
• Mark Ptashne (born 1940), US molecular biologist, studies of genetic switch, phage lambda
• Ted Puck (1916–2005), US physicist, work in mammalian and human cell culture, genetics, cytogenetics
• RC Punnett (1875–1967), early English geneticist, discovered linkage with William Bateson, stimulated G. H. Hardy
• Shaun Purcell, psychiatric geneticist who developed the PLINK genetic program

• Lluis Quintana-Murci (born 1970), French-Spanish human population geneticist, human evolutionary genetics, evolution of immunity

• Michèle Ramsay, South African geneticist, single-gene disorders, epigenetics, complex diseases
• Robert Race (1907–1984), British expert on blood groups, along with wife Ruth Sanger

Reece Roberts South African geneticist, single-gene disorders, epigenetics, complex diseases studied at Stellenbosch University

• Sheldon C. Reed (1910–2003), US pioneer in genetic counseling and behavioral genetics
• G. N. Ramachandran (1922–2001) Indian biophysicist, co-discovered triple-helix structure of collagen
• David Reich (born 1974), US, human population genetics and genomics, did humans and chimps interbreed?
• Theodore Reich (1938–2003), Canadian-US psychiatrist, a founder of modern psychiatric genetics
• Alexander Rich (1925–2015), US biologist, biophysicist, discovered Z-DNA and tRNA 3-dimensional structure
• Rollin C. Richmond, US, evolutionary and pharmacogenetic studies of Drosophila, university administrator
• Neil Risch, US human and population geneticist, studied torsion dystonia
• Otto Renner (1883–1960), German plant geneticist, established maternal plastid inheritance
• Marcus Rhoades (1903–1991), great maize (corn) geneticist and cytogeneticist
• David L. Rimoin (1936–2012), Canadian–US medical geneticist, studied skeletal dysplasias
• Richard Roberts (born 1943), British molecular biologist, Nobel Prize for introns and gene-splicing
• Arthur Robinson (1914–2000), US pediatrician, geneticist, pioneer on sex chromosome anomalies
• Herschel L. Roman (1914–1989), US geneticist, innovated in analysis in maize and budding yeast
• Irwin Rose (1926–2015), US biologist, Nobel Prize for ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation
• Leon Rosenberg (1933–2022), US physician-geneticist, molecular basis of inherited metabolic disease
• David S Rosenblatt, Canadian geneticist concerned inborn errors of folate and vitamin B₁₂ metabolism
• Peyton Rous (1879–1970), US tumor virologist and tissue culture expert, Nobel Prize
• Janet Rowley (1925–2013), US cancer cytogeneticist who found Ph chromosome due to translocation
• Peter T. Rowley (1929–2006), US internist and geneticist, genetics of cancer and leukemia
• Frank Ruddle (1929–2013), US biologist, somatic cell genetics, human gene mapping, paved way for transgenic mice
• Ernst Rüdin (1874–1952), Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist and eugenicist who promoted racial hygiene
• Elizabeth S. Russell (1913–2001), US mammalian geneticist, pioneering work on pigmentation, blood-forming cells, and germ cells
• Liane B. Russell (1923–2019), Austrian-born US mouse geneticist and radiation biologist
• William L. Russell (1910–2003), UK-US mouse geneticist, pioneered study of mutagenesis in mice

• Leo Sachs (1924–2013), German-Israeli molecular cancer biologist, colony-stimulating factors, interleukins
• Ruth Sager (1918–1997), US geneticist, pioneer of cytoplasmic genetics, tumor suppressor genes
• Joseph Sambrook (1939–2019), British viral geneticist
• Avery A. Sandberg (1921–2016), US internist, discovered XYY in 1961, expert on chromosomes in cancer
• Lodewijk A. Sandkuijl (1953–2002), Dutch expert on genetic epidemiology and statistical genetics
• Larry Sandler (1929–1987), US Drosophila geneticist, chromosome mechanics, devoted teacher
• John C. Sanford (born 1950), US horticultural geneticist and intelligent design advocate
• Fred Sanger (1918–2013), UK biochemist, two Nobel Prizes, sequence of insulin, DNA sequencing method
• Ruth Sanger (1918–2001), Australian expert on blood groups, along with husband Robert Race
• Karl Sax (1892–1973), US botanist and cytogeneticist, effects of radiation on chromosomes
• Paul Schedl (born 1947), US molecular biologist, genetic regulation of developmental pathways in fruit fly
• Albert Schinzel (born 1944), Austrian human geneticist, clinical genetics, karyotype-phenotype correlations
• Werner Schmid (1930–2002), Swiss pioneer in human cytogenetics, described cat eye syndrome
• Gertrud Schüpbach (born 1950), Swiss-US biologist, molecular and genetic mechanisms in oogenesis
• Charles Scriver (born 1930), Canadian pediatrician, biochemical geneticist, newborn metabolic screening
• Ernie Sears (1910–1991), Wheat Geneticist who pioneered methods of transferring desirable genes from wild relatives to cultivated wheat in order to increase wheat's resistance to various insects and diseases
• Jay Seegmiller (1920–2006), US human biochemical geneticist, found cause of Lesch–Nyhan syndrome
• Fred Sherman (1932–2013), US geneticist, one of the "fathers" and mentors of modern yeast genetics
• Pak Sham, geneticist known for his work in psychiatric genomics
• Larry Shapiro, US pediatric geneticist, lysosomal storage disorders, X chromosome inactivation
• Lucy Shapiro (born 1940), US molecular geneticist, gene expression during the cell cycle, bacterium Caulobacter
• Phillip Sharp (born 1944), US geneticist and molecular biologist, Nobel Prize for co-discovery of gene splicing
• Philip Sheppard (1921–1976), UK population geneticist, lepidopterist, human blood group researcher
• G. H. Shull (1874–1954), US geneticist, made key discoveries including heterosis
• Torsten Sjögren (1896–1974), Swedish psychiatrist, geneticist and eugenicist
• Mark Skolnick (born 1946), US geneticist, developed Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) for genetic mapping, and founded Myriad Genetics
• Obaid Siddiqi (1932–2013), Indian neurogeneticist, pioneer on olfactory sense of fruit fly Drosophila
• David Sillence (born 1944), Australian clinical geneticist, pioneered training of Australian geneticists, research in bone dysplasias, classified osteogenesis imperfecta
• Norman Simmons (1915–2004), US, forgotten donor of pure DNA to Rosalind Franklin in double helix saga
• Piotr Słonimski (1922–2009), Polish-Parisian yeast geneticist, pioneer of mitochondrial heredity
• William S. Sly (born 1932), US biochemical geneticist, mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (Sly syndrome)
• Cedric A. B. Smith (1917–2002), British statistician, made key contributions to statistical genetics
• David W. Smith (1926–1981), US pediatrician, influential dysmorphologist, named fetal alcohol syndrome
• Hamilton Smith (born 1931), US microbiologist, Nobel Prize for restriction endonucleases
• Michael Smith (1932–2000), UK-born Canadian biochemist, Nobel Prize for site-directed mutagenesis
• Oliver Smithies (1925–2017), UK/US molecular geneticist, inventor, gel electrophoresis, knockout mice
• George Snell (1903–1996), US mouse geneticist, pioneer transplant immunologist, won Nobel Prize
• D Peter Snustad (1940-2014), Coauthor of highly rated genetics textbook “Principles of Genetics”; 6 editions
• Lawrence H. Snyder (1901–1986), US pioneer in medical genetics, studied blood groups
• Robert R. Sokal (1925–2012), Austrian-born US biological anthropologist and biostatistician.
• Tracy M. Sonneborn (1905–1981), protozoan biologist and geneticist
• Ed Southern (born 1938), UK molecular biologist, invented Southern blot and DNA microarray technologies
• Hans Spemann (1869–1941) German embryologist, Nobel Prize for discovery of embryonic induction
• David Stadler, US geneticist, mechanisms of mutation and recombination in Neurospora
• L. J. Stadler (1896–1954), eminent Us maize geneticist, father of David Stadler
• Frank Stahl (born 1929), US molecular biologist, the Stahl half of the Meselson-Stahl experiment
• David States, US geneticist and bioinformatician, computational study of human genome and proteome
• G. Ledyard Stebbins (1906–2000), US botanist, geneticist and evolutionary biologist
• Michael Stebbins, US geneticist, science writer, editor and activist
• Emmy Stein (1879–1954), German botanist and geneticist
• Charles M. Steinberg (1932-1999), US geneticist, fundamental contributions to bacterial virus genetics and antibody diversity
• Joan A. Steitz (born 1941), US molecular biologist, pioneering studies of snRNAs and snRNPs (snurps)
• Gunther Stent (1924–2008), German-born US molecular geneticist, phage worker, philosopher of science
• Curt Stern (1902–1981), German-born US Drosophila and human geneticist, great teacher
• Nettie Stevens (1861–1912), US geneticist, studied chromosomal basis of sex and discovered XY basis
• Miodrag Stojković (born 1964), Serbian geneticist, working in Europe on mammalian cloning
• George Streisinger (1927–1984), US geneticist, work on bacterial viruses, frameshift mutations
• Leonell Strong (1894–1982), US geneticist, mouse geneticist and cancer researcher
• Alfred Sturtevant (1891–1970), constructed first genetic map of a chromosome
• John Sulston (1942–2018), UK molecular biologist, Nobel Prize for programmed cell death in C. elegans
• James B. Sumner (1887–1955), US biochemist, Nobel Prize, found enzymes can be crystallized
• Maurice Super (1936–2006), South African-born UK pediatric geneticist, studied cystic fibrosis
• Andrea Superti-Furga (born 1959), Swiss and Italian paediatrician and geneticist, studied disorder of connective tissue, skeletal dysplasias and malformation syndromes
• Grant Sutherland (born 1945), Australian molecular cytogeneticist, pioneer on human fragile sites, human genome
• Walter Sutton (1877–1916), US surgeon and scientist, proved chromosomes contained genes
• David Suzuki (born 1936), Canadian Drosophila geneticist, science broadcaster and environmental activist
• M. S. Swaminathan (born 1925), Indian agricultural scientist, geneticist, leader of Green Revolution in India
• Bryan Sykes (1947–2020), British human geneticist, discovered ways to extract DNA from fossilized bones
• Jack Szostak (born 1952), Anglo-US geneticist, worked on recombination, artificial chromosomes, and on telomeres. He has been awarded a Nobel Prize for its work on telomeres.

• Jantina Tammes (1871–1947), Dutch geneticist, one of the first Dutch scientists to report on variability and evolution
• Edward Tatum (1909–1975), showed genes control individual steps in metabolism
• Joyce Taylor-Papadimitriou (born 1932), British molecular biologist and geneticist
• Howard Temin (1934–1994), US geneticist, Nobel Prize for discovery of reverse transcriptase
• Alan Templeton (born c. 1948), US geneticist and biostatistician, molecular evolution, evolutionary biology
• Joseph R. Testa (born 1947), US cancer geneticist and malignant mesothelioma biologist whose team cloned AKT genes and co-discovered the BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome
• Eeva Therman (1916–2004), Finnish-born US geneticist who helped characterize and find the molecular basis for trisomy 13 and trisomy 18
• Donnall Thomas (1920–2012), US physician, Nobel Prize for bone marrow transplantation for leukemia
• Nikolay Timofeev-Ressovsky (1900–1981), Russian radiation and evolution geneticist
• Alfred Tissières (1917–2003), Swiss molecular geneticist who pioneered molecular biology in Geneva
• Joe Hin Tjio (1919–2001), Java-born geneticist who first discovered humans have 46 chromosomes
• Susumu Tonegawa (born 1939), Japanese molecular biologist; Nobel Prize for genetics of antibody diversity
• Erich von Tschermak (1871–1962), Austrian agronomist and one of the re-discoverers of Mendel's laws
• Lap-chee Tsui (born 1950), Chinese geneticist who sequenced first human gene (for cystic fibrosis) with Francis Collins
• Elena Jane Tucker, Australian geneticist investigating mitochondrial disease
• Raymond Turpin (1895–1988), French pediatrician, geneticist, Lejeune's co-discoverer of trisomy 21

• Axel Ullrich (born 1943), German molecular biologist, signal transduction, discovered oncogene, Herceptin
• Irene Ayako Uchida (1917–2013), one of the first Canadian geneticists and cytogeneticists. Down syndrome

• Harold Varmus (born 1939), US Nobel Prize-winner for oncogenes, head of NIH
• Rajeev Kumar Varshney (born 1973), Indian geneticist, principal scientist at ICRISAT and theme leader at Generation Challenge Programme
• Nikolai Vavilov (1887–1943), eminent Russian botanist and geneticist, anti-Lysenko, died in prison
• Craig Venter (born 1946), US molecular biologist and entrepreneur, raced to sequence the genome
• Jerome Vinograd (1913–1976), US, leader in biochemistry and molecular biology of nucleic acids
• Peter Visscher, Dutch Australian geneticist who works on the genetic architecture of complex traits
• Friedrich Vogel (1925–2006), German, leader in human genetics, coined term "pharmacogenetics"
• Bert Vogelstein (born 1949), US pediatrician and cancer geneticist, series of mutations in colorectal cancer
• Erik Adolf von Willebrand (1870–1949), Finnish internist who found commonest bleeding disorder

• Petrus Johannes Waardenburg (1886–1979), Dutch ophthalmologist, geneticist, Waardenburg syndrome
• C. H. Waddington (1905–1975), British developmental biologist, paleontologist, geneticist, embryologist
• Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), Welsh, proposed natural selection theory independent of Darwin
• Douglas C. Wallace (born 1946), US mitochondrial geneticist, pioneered the use of human mtDNA as a molecular marker
• Peter Walter (born 1954), German-US molecular biologist studying protein folding and protein targeting
• Richard H. Ward (1943–2003), English-born New Zealand human and anthropological geneticist
• James D. Watson (born 1928), US molecular geneticist, Nobel Prize for discovery of the double helix
• David Weatherall (1933–2018), distinguished UK physician, geneticist, pioneer in hemoglobin and molecular medicine
• Jean Weigle (1901-1968), Swiss molecular geneticist in US, inducible nature of DNA repair systems
• Robert Weinberg (born 1942), US, discovered first human oncogene and first tumor suppressor gene
• Wilhelm Weinberg (1862–1937), German physician, formulated basic law of population genetics
• Spencer Wells (born 1969), US genetic anthropologist, head of Genographic Project to map past migrations
• Susan R. Wessler (born 1953), US plant molecular geneticist, transposable elements re genetic diversity
• Raymond L. White (1943–2018), US cancer geneticist, cloned APC colon cancer gene and neurofibromatosis gene
• Glayde Whitney (1939–2002), US behavioral geneticist, accused of supporting scientific racism
• Reed Wickner (born c. 1942), US molecular geneticist, yeast phenotypes due to prion forms of native proteins
• Alexander S. Wiener (1907–1976), U.S. immunologist, discovered Rh blood groups with Landsteiner
• Eric F. Wieschaus (born 1947), US developmental biologist and Nobel Prize-winner
• Maurice Wilkins (1916–2004), New Zealand-born British Nobel Prize-winner with Watson and Crick
• Huntington Willard (born c. 1953), US human geneticist, X chromosome inactivation, gene silencing
• Harold G. Williams (born 1929), US, Oklahoma cattle geneticist pioneer
• Robley Williams (1908–1995), US virologist, recreated tobacco mosaic virus from its RNA + protein coat
• Ian Wilmut (born 1944), UK reproductive biologist who first cloned a mammal (lamb named Dolly)
• Allan Wilson (1934–1991), New Zealand-US innovator in molecular study of human evolution
• David Sloan Wilson (born 1949), US evolutionary biologist and geneticist
• Edmund Beecher Wilson (1856–1939), US zoologist, geneticist, discovered XY and XX sex chromosomes
• Øjvind Winge (1886–1964), Danish biologist and pioneer in yeast genetics
• Chester B. Whitley (born 1950), US geneticist, pioneered treatment of lysosomal diseases
• Carl Woese (1928–2012), US biologist, defined Archaea as new domain of life, rRNA phylogenetic tool
• Ulrich Wolf (1933–2017), German cytogeneticist, found chromosome 4p deletion in Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome
• Melaku Worede (born 1936), Ethiopian conservationist and geneticist
• Naomi Wray, Australian geneticist known for her work on genetics of complex traits
• Sewall Wright (1889–1988), eminent US geneticist who, with Ronald Fisher, united genetics & evolution

• Jian Yang, Chinese geneticist, known for his work on the missing heritability of complex traits
• Charles Yanofsky (1925–2018), US molecular geneticist, colinearity of gene and its protein product

• Floyd Zaiger (1926–2020), fruit geneticist and entrepreneur
• Hans Zellweger (1909–1990) Swiss-US pediatrician and clinical geneticist, described Zellweger syndrome
• Norton Zinder (1928–2012), US biologist and phage worker who discovered genetic transduction
• Rolf M. Zinkernagel (born 1944), Swiss scientist, won Nobel Prize for immune recognition of antigen

• List of biochemists