Grasse

There is an annual Fête du Jasmin or La Jasminade, at the beginning of August. The first festival was on August 3–4, 1946. Decorated floats drive through the town, with young women in skimpy costumes on board, throwing flowers into the crowd. Garlands of jasmine decorate the town center, and the fire department fills a fire truck with jasmine-infused water to spray on the crowds.[7][8] There are also fireworks, free parties, folk music groups and street performers. There is also an annual international exhibition of roses ("Expo Rose") held in May each year.[9]

The Gare de Grasse railway station offers connections with Cannes, Nice and Ventimiglia. From 1909 until 1938, the town centre was connected to the railway station by the Grasse Funicular.

Bronze Parfumeur

Share of the S. A. de la Parfumerie Bruno Court, issued 1 january 1923

Grasse has had a prospering perfume industry since the end of the 18th century. Grasse is the centre of the French perfume industry and is known as the world's perfume capital (la capitale mondiale des parfums). Many "noses" (or, in French, "Les nez" (plural)/"Le nez" (singular)) are trained or have spent time in Grasse to distinguish over 2,000 kinds of scent. Grasse produces over two-thirds of France's natural aromas (for perfume and for food flavourings). This industry turns over more than 600 million euros a year. Grasse's particular microclimate encouraged the flower farming industry. It is warm and sufficiently inland to be sheltered from the sea air. There is an abundance of water, thanks to its location in the hills and the 1860 construction of the Siagne canal for irrigation purposes. The town is 350 m (1,148.29 ft) above sea level and 20 km (12 mi) from the coast (Côte d'Azur). Jasmine, a key ingredient of many perfumes, was brought to southern France by the Moors in the 16th century. Twenty-seven tonnes of jasmine are now harvested in Grasse annually. There are numerous old 'parfumeries' in Grasse, such as Galimard, Molinard and Fragonard, each with tours and a museum.

The trade in leather and tanning work developed during the twelfth century around the small canal that runs through the city. This activity produced a strong unpleasant odor. At the time of the Renaissance perfume manufacturers began production of gloves, handbags and belt (clothing), to meet the new fashion from Italy with the entourage of Queen Catherine de Medici.

The countryside around the city began to grow fields of flowers, offering new scents from the city. In 1614, the king recognized the new corporation of "glovers perfumers". In the middle of the eighteenth century, the perfumery was experiencing a very important development. Leading companies dating from this period includes the oldest French perfumerie, and third oldest parfumerie in Europe, Galimard established in 1747. Introduction of new production methods turned perfume making into a real industry that could adapt to new market demands.[10]

In the nineteenth century, the raw materials began to be imported from abroad. During the twentieth century the creation of synthetic products brought the democratization & affordability of perfumes and their spin-offs; (shampoos and deodorants, cream (pharmaceutical) and detergents, food flavoring for cookies, ice cream and dairy products, beverages, convenience foods, confectionery, preserves and syrups). In 1905, six hundred tons of flowers were harvested while in the 1940s, five thousand tons were produced annually. However, in early 2000, production was less than 30 tons for all flowers combined.

Modern industry

Fragonard Diamant

A network of sixty companies employs 3,500 people in the city and surrounding area. Additionally about 10,000 residents of Grasse are indirectly employed by the perfume industry. Almost half of the business tax for the city comes from the perfume sector and that is ahead of tourism and services. The main activity of perfumery in Grasse is in the production of natural raw materials (essential oils, concretes, absolutes, resinoids and molecular distillation) and the production of concentrate, also called the juice. A concentrate is the main product that when diluted in at least 80% alcohol provides a perfume. Also food flavorings, which developed since the 1970s, account for over half of production output today.

This represents almost half of the production of French perfumes and aromas and around 7-8% of total global activity. However, during the 1960s and 1970s large international groups gradually bought up local family factories (Chiris, Givaudan-Roure and Lautier, for example). Soon after their production has often been relocated overseas. Just 30 years ago most companies were focused on the production of raw materials. However an overwhelming majority of the modern fragrances contain synthetic chemicals in part or in whole. Grasse perfume companies have therefore adapted by turning to aromatic synthesis and especially to food flavorings and successfully ended a long stagnation. The Grasse perfume industry cannot compete against large chemical multinationals, but it benefits greatly from the advantage of its knowledge of raw materials, facilities, contractors, etc. In addition, major brands such as Dior and Chanel have their own plantations of roses and jasmine in the vicinity of Grasse.

The town is home to Grasse Cathedral, the seat of the Roman Catholic former Diocese of Grasse which was led by the Bishops of Grasse.

The town is home to the Lycée Amiral-de-Grasse and since 2019 one of two seats of the higher education engineering college ECAM-EPMI.

RC Grasse is the local football club, whereas RO Grasse the local rugby union club.

The town is the setting in the final chapters of the novel Perfume by Patrick Süskind. It was featured in the film based on the novel Perfume: The Story of a Murderer (2006).

Three perfume factories offer daily tours and demonstrations, which draw in many of the region's visitors. In addition to the perfumeries, Grasse's other main attraction is the Cathedral, dedicated to Notre Dame du Puy and founded in the 11th century. In the interior, are three works by Rubens and one by Jean-Honoré Fragonard, the French painter native of the town.[14]

• 
  Grasse - Parfumerie
• 
  Parfumerie Molinard
• 
  Napoleon Memorial
• 
  Fleur de jasmin
• 
  Blessed Sacrament chapel
• 
  Villa Musée Fragonard

Other sights include:

• Saracen Tower, standing at 30m.
• Monumental gate of the Hôtel de ville
• International Museum of Perfume
• Musée d'Art et d'Histoire de Provence
• Church of Plascassier, built in 1644

• 
  Hotel Court de Fontmichel
• 
  Palais des congrès
• 
  Boulevard du Jeu de Ballon
• 
  Place aux Aires
• 
  Side Street in Old Town

Grasse was the birthplace of:

• Louis Bellaud (1543–1588), also known as Bellaud de la Bellaudière, poet
• Mélanie Bernier (born 1985), actress
• Adam Bessa, (born 1992), actor[15]
• Frédéric Bourdillon (born 1991), French-Israeli basketball player in the Israel Basketball Premier League
• Jacques Cavallier (born 1962), perfumer[16]
• Albert Charpin (1842–1924), painter
• Olivier Cresp (born 1955), perfumer[17]
• Jean-Claude Ellena (born 1947), perfumer
• Alexandre-Évariste Fragonard (1780-1850), painter and sculptor
• Jean-Honoré Fragonard (1732–1806), painter[18]
• Jean Claude Gandur (born 1949), businessman[19]
• Gazan de la Peyrière (1765-1845), general during the Napoleonic Wars
• Valentine Goby (born 1974), writer
• Marcel Journet (1868–1933), operatic baritone
• Vincent Koziello (born 1995), footballer
• Eugénie Le Sommer (born 1989), woman footballer
• Pierre-Louis Lions (born 1956), mathematician
• Gilles Marini (born 1976), actor
• Michèle Mouton (born 1951), rally driver
• Charles Pasqua (1927-2015), businessman and politician
• Thomas Pinault (born 1981), footballer
• Théo Pourchaire (born 2003), racing driver

Statue François Joseph Paul de Grasse, admiral de Grasse

Grasse was the death place of:

• Dirk Bogarde (1921–1999), actor, lived in Grasse
• Ivan Bunin (1870–1953), Russian writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, 1933; lived in Grasse
• Christian Calmes (1913–1995), Luxembourgian civil servant, lawyer and historian
• François Joseph Paul de Grasse (1723–1788) admiral, commanded of the French fleet at the Battle of the Chesapeake, which led directly to the Siege of Yorktown.[20]
• David Douglas Duncan (1916 – 2018), American photojournalist,
• Prince Eugen of Bavaria (1925–1997), member of the Bavarian Royal House of Wittelsbach
• Lolo Ferrari (1963–2000), dancer, actress and singer with breast implants
• Édith Piaf (1915–1963), singer
• Frederic Prokosch (1906–1989), American writer
• Yvonne Rozille (1900–1985), film actress
• Eugène Sémérie (1832–1884), positivist activist

Other notables associated with Grasse:

• Gérard Philipe (1922–1959), actor, brought up in Grasse
• Alice Charlotte von Rothschild (1847–1922), patron of the arts; art collection was donated to the town of Grasse
• H. G. Wells (1866–1946), British writer

Grasse is twinned with:[21]

• Route Napoléon
• Ancient Diocese of Grasse
• Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

• Media related to Grasse at Wikimedia Commons
• Grasse travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Grasse city council website (in French)
• Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). "Grasse" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). p. 369.