Mile run

The mile run (1,760 yards[1] or exactly 1,609.344 metres) is a middle-distance foot race.

For the tributary stream, see Mile Run (New Jersey).
"One mile" redirects here. For other uses, see One Mile.

Athletics
Mile run
Gunder Hägg (right) defeats Arne Andersson with a world record time of 4:06.2 min in Gothenburg in 1942.
World records
MenMorocco Hicham El Guerrouj 3:43.13 (1999)
WomenKenya Faith Kipyegon 4:07.64 (2023)

The history of the mile run event began in England, where it was used as a distance for gambling races. It survived track and field's switch to metric distances in the 1900s and retained its popularity, with the chase for the four-minute mile in the 1950s a high point for the race.

In spite of the roughly equivalent 1500 metres race, which is used instead of the mile at the World Championships and Olympic Games and is sometimes referred as the foremost middle-distance track event in athletics, the mile run is present in all fields of athletics, and since 1976, it is the only imperial distance for which World Athletics has on its books for official world records.[lower-alpha 1]

Although the mile is not featured at any major championships, the Wanamaker Mile, Dream Mile, Emsley Carr Mile and Bowerman Mile races are among the foremost annual middle-distance races outdoors, respectively.

The current mile world record holders are Hicham El Guerrouj of Morocco with a time of 3:43.13 and Faith Kipyegon of Kenya with the Women's record of 4:07.64.

The record for the fastest mile ever run on any terrain is held by Craig Wheeler, who ran a downhill mile in 1993 in a time of 3:24;[2] Wheeler's time is not an officially recognized record due to the downhill grade of the course he ran.

History

Although a statute mile today is equal to a length of 5,280 feet, the distance of the English mile gained its current definition of 1,760 yards through a statute of the Parliament of England in 1593.[3] Thus, the history of the mile run began in England and it initially found usage within the wagered running contests of the 18th and 19th century. Such contests would attract large numbers of spectators and gamblers – so many that the activity became a professional one for its more-established participants.[4]

The mile run was at the heart of the divide between professional and amateur sports in the late 19th century, as running was beginning to gain popularity in the sports world. Separate world record categories were kept for amateurs and professionals, with professional runners providing the faster times. High-profile contests between Britons William Cummings and Walter George brought much publicity to the sport, as did George's races against the American Lon Myers. The mile run was also one of the foremost events at the amateur AAA Championships.[4] Although the spotlight was shining on the running scene, the categories remained distinct but the respective rise in amateurism and decline of the professional sector saw the division become irrelevant in the 20th century.[5]

A statue commemorating Roger Bannister and John Landy's Miracle Mile in 1954.

The mile run continued to be a popular distance in spite of the metrication of track and field and athletics in general, replacing the imperial distance for the metric mile (1500 meters). It was the 1500 metres – sometimes referred to as the metric mile – which was featured on the Olympic athletics programme. The International Amateur Athletics Federation formed in 1912 and confirmed the first officially recognised world record in the mile the following year (4:14.4 minutes run by John Paul Jones).[6]

The fact that the mile run was the only imperial distance to retain its official world record status after 1976 reflects its continued popularity in the international (and principally metric) era.[7] Decades later, the distance remains widespread, and is often used as a benchmark for distance running performance.

The top men's middle-distance runners continued to compete in the mile run in the first half of the 1900s – Paavo Nurmi, Jack Lovelock and Sydney Wooderson were all world record holders over the distance.[6] In the 1940s, Swedish runners Gunder Hägg and Arne Andersson pushed times into a new territory, as they set three world records each during their rivalry over the decade.[8]

The goal of completing a sub-four-minute mile sparked further interest in the distance in the 1950s and to this day, many competitive runners are still chasing the ambitious barrier. Englishman Roger Bannister became the first person to achieve the feat in May 1954 and his effort, conducted with the help of Chris Brasher and Chris Chataway, was a key moment in the rise of the use of pacemakers at the top level of the sport – an aspect which is now commonplace at non-championship middle and long-distance races.[9][10] In fact, pacemakers, if performing effectively, can earn generous sums of money for their performances and accurate pacing duties.

Runners competing in the Women's Mile at the Adidas Boost Boston Games in 2019.

The 1960s saw American Jim Ryun, considered one of the world's most decorated middle-distance runners, set world records near the 3:50-minute mark and his achievements popularised interval workout techniques which are still heavily used today, especially for collegiate distance runners.[8] Jim Ryun was the first person to run a sub-four minute mile in high school.[11] From this period onwards, African runners began to emerge, breaking the largely white, Western dominance of the distance; Kenya's Kip Keino won the mile at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games (which was among the last mile races to be held at a major multi-sport event as of 2021).[12]

Filbert Bayi of Tanzania became Africa's first world record holder over the distance in 1975, although New Zealander John Walker further broke Bayi's record a few months later to become the first man under 3:50 minutes for the event. The 1980s were highlighted by the rivalry between British runners Sebastian Coe and Steve Ovett, who improved the record five times between them, including two records at the Oslo Dream Mile race. Noureddine Morceli brought the mile record back into African hands in 1993 and Morocco's Hicham El Guerrouj set the current record of 3:43.13, which has stood since 1999.[6]

Mile run contests remain a key feature of many annual track and field meetings, including recreational, high school, and collegiate meets, with long-running series such as the Wanamaker Mile at the Millrose Games, Dream Mile at the Bislett Games, the British Emsley Carr Mile, and the Bowerman Mile at the Prefontaine Classic being among the most prominent. Aside from track races, mile races are also occasionally contested in cross country running and mile runs on the road include the Fifth Avenue Mile in New York City. However, in high school and collegiate cross country running, races are often measured in kilometers, with 5K and 8K being the most common.

Records
See also: Mile run world record progression
Morocco's Hicham El Guerrouj (left) is the world record holder for the outdoor mile.

Outdoor
Area Men's Women's
Time Athlete Time Athlete
World3:43.13 Hicham El Guerrouj (MAR)4:07.64 Faith Kipyegon (KEN)
Continental records
Africa3:43.13 Hicham El Guerrouj (MAR)4:07.64 Faith Kipyegon (KEN)
Asia3:47.97 Daham Najim Bashir (QAT)4:17.75 Maryam Yusuf Jamal (BHR)
Europe3:43.73 Jakob Ingebrigtsen (NOR)4:12.33 Sifan Hassan (NED)
North, Central America
and Caribbean		3:43.97 Yared Nuguse (USA)4:16.71 Mary Slaney (USA)
Oceania3:47.48 Oliver Hoare (AUS)4:15.34 Jessica Hull (AUS)
South America3:51.05 Hudson de Souza (BRA)4:30.05 Soraya Vieira Telles (BRA)

Indoor
Area Men's Women's
Time Athlete Time Athlete
World3:47.01 Yomif Kejelcha (ETH)4:13.31 Genzebe Dibaba (ETH)
Continental records
Africa3:47.01 Yomif Kejelcha (ETH)4:13.31 Genzebe Dibaba (ETH)
Asia3:57.05 Mohamed Suleiman (QAT)4:24.71 Maryam Yusuf Jamal (BHR)
Europe3:48.87 Josh Kerr (GBR)4:17.14 Doina Melinte (ROM)
North, Central America
and Caribbean		3:47.38 Yared Nuguse (USA)4:16.85 Elle Purrier (USA)
Oceania3:50.83 Oliver Hoare (AUS)4:24.14 Kim Smith (NZL)
South America3:56.26 Hudson de Souza (BRA)4:42.24 Valentina Medina (VEN)

All-time top 25

Men (outdoor)
Ath.#Perf.#TimeAthleteNationDatePlaceRef.
1 1 3:43.13 Hicham El Guerrouj  Morocco 7 July 1999 Rome
2 2 3:43.40 Noah Ngeny  Kenya 7 July 1999 Rome
3 3 3:43.73 Jakob Ingebrigtsen  Norway 16 September 2023 Eugene[15]
4 4 3:43.97 Yared Nuguse  United States 16 September 2023 Eugene[16]
5 5 3:44.39Noureddine Morceli Algeria05 September 1993Rieti
6 3:44.60 El Guerrouj #2 16 July 1998 Nice
7 3:44.90 El Guerrouj #3 4 July 1997 Oslo
8 3:44.95 El Guerrouj #4 29 June 2001 Rome
9 3:45.19 Morceli #2 16 August 1995 Zürich
10 3:45.64 El Guerrouj #5 26 August 1997 Berlin
11 3:45.96 El Guerrouj #6 5 August 2000 London
12 3:46.24 El Guerrouj #7 28 July 2000 Oslo
6 13 3:46.32Steve Cram Great Britain27 July 1985Oslo
7 14 3:46.38 Daniel Komen  Kenya 26 August 1997 Berlin
15 3:46.46 Ingebrigtsen #2  Norway 16 June 2022 Oslo [17]
8 16 3:46.70 Vénuste Niyongabo  Burundi 26 August 1997 Berlin
9 17 3:46.76Saïd Aouita Morocco2 July 1987Helsinki
18 3:46.78 Morceli #3 27 August 1993 Berlin
10 19 3:46.91Alan Webb United States21 July 2007Brasschaat
20 3:46.92 Aouita #2 21 August 1985 Zürich
21 3:47.10 El Guerrouj #8 7 August 1999 London
22 3:47.24 Ingebrigtsen #3 21 August 2021 Eugene
11 23 3:47.28Bernard Lagat  Kenya 29 June 2001Rome
24 3:47.30 Morceli #4 03 September 1993 Brussels
12 25 3:47.32 Ayanleh Souleiman  Djibouti 31 May 2014 Eugene [18]
13 3:47.33Sebastian Coe Great Britain28 August 1981Brussels
14 3:47.48 Oliver Hoare  Australia 16 June 2022 Oslo [19]
15 3:47.65Laban Rotich Kenya4 July 1997Oslo
George Mills United Kingdom 16 September 2023 Eugene [20]
17 3:47.69 Steve Scott United States7 July 1982 Oslo
Mario García Spain 16 September 2023 Eugene [21]
193:47.79José Luis González Spain27 July 1985Oslo
20 3:47.88 John Kibowen Kenya4 July 1997 Oslo
Silas Kiplagat Kenya 31 May 2014 Eugene
223:47.94 William Chirchir  Kenya 28 July 2000Oslo
233:47.97Dahame Najem Bashir Qatar29 July 2005Oslo
243:48.06 Reynold Cheruiyot  Kenya16 September 2023Eugene[22]
253:48.08Cole Hocker United States16 September 2023Eugene[23]

    Women (outdoor)
    Ath.#Perf.#TimeAthleteNationDatePlaceRef.
    1 1 4:07.64 Faith Kipyegon  Kenya 21 July 2023 Monaco [26]
    2 2 4:12.33 Sifan Hassan  Netherlands 12 July 2019 Monaco [27]
    3 3 4:12.56Svetlana Masterkova Russia14 August 1996Zürich
    4 4 4:14.30 Genzebe Dibaba  Ethiopia 6 September 2016 Rovereto
    5 4:14.71 Hassan #2 22 July 2018 London
    6 4:14.74 Hassan #3 3 September 2021 Brussels
    5 7 4:14.58 Ciara Mageean  Ireland 21 July 2023 Monaco [26]
    6 8 4:14.79 Freweyni Hailu  Ethiopia 21 July 2023 Monaco [26]
    7 9 4:15.24Laura Muir Great Britain21 July 2023Monaco[28]
    8 10 4:15.34Jessica Hull Australia21 July 2023Monaco[29]
    9 11 4:15.61Paula Ivan Romania10 July 1989Nice
    10 12 4:15.8hNatalya Artyomova Soviet Union5 August 1984Leningrad
    13 4:16.05 Dibaba #2 6 July 2017 Lausanne
    11 14 4:16.14 Gudaf Tsegay  Ethiopia 22 July 2018 London [30]
    12 15 4:16.15 Hellen Obiri  Kenya 22 July 2018 London [30]
    16 4:16.15 Obiri #2 9 July 2017 London
    13 17 4:16.35Nikki Hiltz United States21 July 2023Monaco[31]
    14 18 4:16.38Melissa Courtney-Bryant Great Britain21 July 2023Monaco[32]
    15 19 4:16.47Elise Cranny United States21 July 2023Monaco[33]
    16 204:16.71Mary Slaney United States21 August 1985Zürich
    20 4:16.71 Kipyegon #2 11 September 2015 Brussels [34]
    22 4:17.00 Artyomova #2 20 September 1991 Barcelona
    17 23 4:17.13 Birke Haylom  Ethiopia 15 June 2023 Oslo [35]
    18 24 4:17.25Sonia O'Sullivan Ireland22 July 1994Oslo
    19 25 4:17.30 Jenny Simpson  United States 22 July 2018 London [30]
    20 4:17.33Maricica Puica Romania21 August 1985Zürich
    214:17.57Zola Budd Great Britain21 August 1985Zürich
    22 4:17.60 Laura Weightman  Great Britain 12 July 2019 Monaco [36]
    23 4:17.75Maryam Yusuf Jamal Bahrain14 September 2007Brussels
    24 4:17.87 Gabriela DeBues-Stafford  Canada 12 July 2019 Monaco [37]
    25 4:18.11 Cory McGee  United States 15 June 2023 Oslo [35]

      Men (indoor)
      • Correct as of February 2023.[38]
      Rank Time Athlete Nation Date Place Ref
      1 3:47.01 Yomif Kejelcha  Ethiopia 3 March 2019 Boston [39]
      2 3:47.38 Yared Nuguse  United States 11 February 2023 New York City [40]
      3 3:48.45Hicham El Guerrouj Morocco12 February 1997Ghent
      4 3:48.87 Josh Kerr  Great Britain 27 February 2022 Boston [41]
      5 3:49.44 Edward Cheserek  Kenya 9 February 2018 Boston [42]
      6 3:49.46 Neil Gourley  Great Britain 11 February 2023 New York City [43]
      7 3:49.78Eamonn Coghlan Ireland27 February 1983East Rutherford
      8 3:49.89Bernard Lagat United States11 February 2005Fayetteville
      9 3:49.98 Johnny Gregorek  United States 3 March 2019 Boston [39]
      10 3:50.17 Cooper Teare  United States 11 February 2022 Chicago [44]
      11 3:50.35 Cole Hocker  United States 11 February 2022 Chicago [44]
      12 3:50.45 Amos Bartelsmeyer  Germany 11 February 2023 Boston [45]
      13 3:50.46 Anass Essayi  Morocco 11 February 2023 Boston
      14 3:50.63Matthew Centrowitz United States20 February 2016New York City
      15 3:50.70Noureddine Morceli Algeria20 February 1993Birmingham
      16 3:50.83 Oliver Hoare  Australia 29 January 2022 New York City [46]
      11 February 2023 New York City [47]
      17 3:50.92Galen Rupp United States26 January 2013Boston
      18 3:50.94 Marcus O'Sullivan  Ireland 13 February 1988 East Rutherford
      Sam Prakel  United States 3 March 2019 Boston [48]
      20 3:51.06Nick Willis New Zealand20 February 2016New York City
      21 3:51.20Ray Flynn Ireland27 February 1983East Rutherford
      22 3:51.21 Lopez Lomong  United States 19 February 2013 New York City
      23 3:51.22 Geordie Beamish  New Zealand 26 February 2023 Boston [49]
      24 3:51.26 Henry Wynne  United States 3 March 2019 Boston [48]
      25 3:51.70 Sam Tanner  New Zealand 11 February 2023 New York City [50]

      Notes

      Below is a list of other times superior to 3:50.55:

      Women (indoor)
      • Correct as of February 2023.[51]
      Rank Time Athlete Nation Date Place Ref
      1 4:13.31Genzebe Dibaba Ethiopia17 February 2016Stockholm
      2 4:16.16 Gudaf Tsegay  Ethiopia 8 February 2023 Toruń [52]
      3 4:16.85 Elle Purrier  United States 8 February 2020 New York City [53]
      4 4:17.14Doina Melinte Romania9 February 1990East Rutherford
      5 4:17.26 Konstanze Klosterhalfen  Germany 8 February 2020 New York City [54]
      6 4:17.88 Jemma Reekie  Great Britain 8 February 2020 New York City [55]
      7 4:18.75 Laura Muir  Great Britain 16 February 2019 Birmingham [56]
      8 4:18.99Paula Ivan Romania10 February 1989East Rutherford
      9 4:19.73 Gabriela DeBues-Stafford  Canada 8 February 2020 New York City [57]
      10 4:19.89Sifan Hassan Netherlands11 February 2017New York City
      11 4:20.5hMary Decker-Tabb United States19 February 1982San Diego
      12 4:20.81 Josette Norris  United States 29 January 2022 New York City [58]
      13 4:21.19 Katie Snowden  Great Britain 11 February 2023 New York City [59]
      14 4:21.79Regina Jacobs United States8 January 2000New York City
      15 4:22.66Shannon Rowbury United States31 January 2015Winston Salem
      16 4:22.72 Lucia Stafford  Canada 11 February 2023 New York City [60]
      17 4:22.86 Colleen Quigley  United States 9 February 2019 New York City [61]
      18 4:22.93Kate Grace United States11 February 2017New York City
      19 4:23.00Carla Sacramento Portugal24 February 2002Liévin
      20 4:23.19 Gabriela Szabo  Romania 4 February 2001 Stuttgart
      21 4:23.33 Kutre Dulecha  Ethiopia 4 February 2001 Stuttgart
      22 4:23.42 Heather MacLean  United States 4 February 2023 Boston [62]
      23 4:23.49 Olga Komyagina  Russia 27 January 2008 Moscow
      24 4:23.50 Axumawit Embaye  Ethiopia 21 February 2015 Birmingham
      25 4:23.53 Gelete Burka  Ethiopia 20 February 2010 Birmingham

      Notes

      Below is a list of other times superior to 4:22.59:

      Youth age records

      Key:   Incomplete information

      Boys
      AgeTimeAthleteNationBirthdateDatePlaceRef
      56:33.3Daniel Skandera United States2 November 200723 July 2013Santa Rosa
      65:44.4Daniel Skandera United States2 November 20075 August 2014Santa Rosa
      75:20.3Daniel Skandera United States2 November 20079 June 2015Santa Rosa
      85:12.1Daniel Skandera United States2 November 20079 August 2016Santa Rosa
      95:02.5Daniel Skandera United States2 November 200727 June 2017Santa Rosa
      104:46.6Daniel Skandera United States2 November 200724 July 2018Santa Rosa
      114:36.04Archie Sideridis Australia18 October 20119 February 2023Melbourne
      124:35.66Quenton Lanese United States4 March 201120 May 2023Mercer Island
      134:22.33Jackson Miller United States11 June 19991 June 2023St. Louis
      144:11.20Angus Wilkinson United Kingdom16 January 200926 August 2023Stirling[63]
      154:05.77Corey Campbell Great Britain26 July 200620 May 2022Stirling[64]
      163:55.44Cameron Myers Australia9 June 200623 February 2023Melbourne[65]
      173:50.90Hamza Driouch Qatar16 November 19947 June 2012Oslo[66]
      183:48.93Niels Laros Netherlands17 April 200516 September 2023Eugene[67]
      193:48.06Reynold Cheruiyot Kenya30 July 200416 September 2023Eugene[68]

      Girls
      AgeTimeAthleteNationBirthdateDatePlaceRef
      66:36.0Celine Struijvé Netherlands10 November 201217 September 2019Epe
      76:05.1Kristina Wilson United States5 December 19635 June 1971
      85:43.5Imogen Stewart Australia27 July 200510 December 2013Sydney
      95:18.74Imogen Stewart Australia27 July 200517 January 2015Wollongong
      105:04.19Imogen Stewart Australia27 July 200516 January 2016Wollongong
      114:56.08Imogen Stewart Australia27 July 20054 March 2017Sydney
      124:46.57Imogen Stewart Australia27 July 200513 January 2018Wollongong
      134:44.73Imogen Stewart Australia27 July 200522 December 2018Sydney
      144:40.1 iMary Decker United States4 August 195816 March 1973Richmond
      154:35.16Sadie Engelhardt United States21 August 20069 April 2022Arcadia[69]
      164:28.25 iMary Cain United States3 May 199616 February 2013New York City
      174:24.11 iMary Cain United States3 May 199624 January 2014Boston
      184:24.10 iKalkidan Gezahegne Ethiopia8 May 199120 February 2010Birmingham
      194:17.57Zola Budd Great Britain26 May 196621 August 1985Zürich

      Season's bests
      • "i" indicates performance on 200m indoor track

      See also

      References
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      Notes
      1. The marathon race is commonly described in both imperial and metric distances. Although it was first run under imperial measurement of 26 miles, it was slightly elongated for the 1904 Summer Olympics in London to reach its current distance, and is now measured in kilometres for official purposes.
      1. McMillan, Ken. "Classic weekend notebook: Running for a good cause". recordonline.com. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
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