2012 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
The primary election to select the Democratic and Republican candidates had been held on April 24, 2012.[1] The 2012 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania took place on November 6, 2012, as part of the 2012 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Pennsylvania voters chose 20 electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama and his running mate, Vice President Joe Biden, against Republican challenger and former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney and his running mate, Congressman Paul Ryan. Pennsylvania's electoral vote number was a reduction from the 2008 delegation, which had 21 electors. This change was due to reapportionment following the 2010 United States Census.[2] Pennsylvania's 20 electoral votes are allotted on a winner-take-all basis.[3]
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| Elections in Pennsylvania |
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 2012 U.S. presidential election | |
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Democratic incumbent President Barack Obama received 51.97% of the vote, beating Republican challenger Mitt Romney's 46.59%.[4] Also on the ballot were physician Jill Stein of the Green Party and former New Mexico Governor Gary Johnson of the Libertarian Party, who received 0.37% and 0.87%, respectively.[4] Other candidates could run as write-in candidates, which received a total 0.2% of the vote. The state had been considered likely, but not certain, to go to Obama.[5] While the state had voted for a Democrat since 1992, it remained competitive, especially after Bush's loss of only 2.5% in 2004. Its competitiveness was attributable to the stark contrast between the state's diverse, urban voters in areas such as Philadelphia and Pittsburgh; and rural, blue-collar voters in the rest of the state. However, massive margins in the urban regions of the state and victories in the Philadelphia suburbs, Lehigh Valley, Scranton, and Erie delivered a considerable victory for the president. Regardless, Romney improved on John McCain's 10.32% loss in the state in 2008, and flipped five counties that voted for Obama four years prior.[6]
Five counties that voted for Obama in 2008 voted for Romney in 2012. This included Cambria County, which made Obama the first Democrat to win the presidency without carrying the county since Woodrow Wilson in 1916. Chester County, a Philadelphia suburb, also voted for Romney, though it would flip back into the Democratic column in 2016[7] and remain there in 2020.[8] Obama became the first Democrat to win the White House without carrying Elk County since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940, and the first to do so without carrying Carbon County since John F. Kennedy in 1960. As of the 2020 election, this is the last time that Chester County voted for the Republican candidate and the last time that Luzerne County voted for the Democratic candidate. This is also the last time Pennsylvania voted more Democratic than the nation as a whole.
Primaries
Democratic
Incumbent Barack Obama ran unopposed on the Democratic primary ballot.[1] He received 616,102 votes.[1] There were 19,082 write-in votes.[9][10] In the floor vote taken at the Democratic National Convention, 242 Pennsylvania delegates voted for Obama,[10] while the other 8 of the state's 250 allocated votes were not announced.[10]
Republican
Four candidates were on the Republican primary ballot: Mitt Romney, former Senator from Pennsylvania Rick Santorum, U.S. Representative from Texas Ron Paul, and former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich.[1] His home state was set to be the make-or-break primary for Santorum.[11] He had just lost 3 primaries to Romney, and Romney appeared poised to become the presumptive nominee by achieving a prohibitive lead.[11]
As momentum in the Republican race built for Romney, Santorum suspended his campaign for four days to meet with 'movement conservatives' to strategize.[12] Rather than returning to campaigning the next Monday, Rick and Karen Santorum canceled campaign events scheduled right after Easter weekend to be in the hospital with their youngest daughter.[13]
In deference to the sick child, Romney ceased airing attack ads, replacing them with positive introductory ones.
On April 10, Santorum formally suspended his campaign. On May 7, he endorsed Romney.[14] Santorum and Gingrich both released their delegates to Romney in August, shortly before the Republican National Convention.[15]
| Candidate | Votes[1] | Percentage | Projected delegates[16] | Actual delegate vote[17] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mitt Romney | 468,374 | 57.8% | 31 | 67 |
| Rick Santorum | 149,056 | 18.4% | 4 | 0 |
| Ron Paul | 106,148 | 13.1% | 5 | 5 |
| Newt Gingrich | 84,537 | 10.4% | 3 | 0 |
| Write-in votes[9] | 2,819 | 0.3% | ||
| Unprojected delegates | 29 | |||
| Total: | 810,934 | 100% | 72 | 72 |
General election
Polling
In statewide opinion polling, incumbent Barack Obama consistently led challenger Mitt Romney by a margin of between 2 and 12 percentage points.[18] Analysts rated Pennsylvania as a "likely Democratic" or "Democratic-leaning" state in the presidential race.[5] On the morning of the election, polling aggregator FiveThirtyEight estimated that there was a 99% likelihood that Obama would win Pennsylvania's electoral votes.[19] At the time, Pennsylvania's electoral votes had gone to the Democratic candidate in every presidential election since Bill Clinton won it in 1992.[3] The average of the last three polls had Obama leading Romney 51% to 46%, which was very close to the actual result.[20]
During the summer, there was significant spending on political advertisements in Pennsylvania, by both the Obama campaign and pro-Romney groups such as Crossroads GPS and Americans for Prosperity.[21] However, because Obama maintained a consistent lead in polling, Pennsylvania came to be considered a "safe state" for Obama, and campaign advertising subsided substantially in August.[21] This changed in October, when pro-Romney groups Restore Our Future and Americans for Job Security spent $3 million on advertising in Pennsylvania.[21] Later that month, the Obama campaign and the Romney campaign both launched their own advertising campaigns in Pennsylvania.[21] On November 1, the Republican National Committee announced that it would spend $3 million on television ads in Pennsylvania in the final days of the campaign.[22] In total, pro-Romney spending in Pennsylvania was estimated to amount to as much as $12 million, much more than Obama campaign spending.[22] The Obama campaign characterized the pro-Romney spending surge as "an act of sheer desperation", while the Romney campaign argued that they had a realistic chance of winning the state.[22] In the end, Obama carried the state by a modest margin, albeit narrower than his 2008 landslide over Senator John McCain.
Results
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Barack Obama | 2,990,274 | 51.97 | |
| Republican | Mitt Romney | 2,680,434 | 46.59 | |
| Libertarian | Gary Johnson | 49,991 | 0.87 | |
| Green | Jill Stein | 21,341 | 0.37 | |
| Other | Other | 11,630 | 0.20 | |
| Total votes | 5,753,670 | 100.0 | ||
By county
| County[23] | Barack Obama Democratic |
Mitt Romney Republican |
Gary Johnson Libertarian |
Jill Stein Green |
Various candidates Other parties |
Margin | Total votes cast | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Adams | 15,091 | 35.40% | 26,767 | 62.80% | 437 | 1.03% | 162 | 0.38% | 168 | 0.39% | -11,676 | -27.40% | 42,625 |
| Allegheny | 352,687 | 56.54% | 262,039 | 42.01% | 5,196 | 0.83% | 2,159 | 0.35% | 1,746 | 0.28% | 90,648 | 14.53% | 623,827 |
| Armstrong | 9,045 | 30.43% | 20,142 | 67.77% | 297 | 1.00% | 118 | 0.40% | 119 | 0.40% | -11,097 | -37.34% | 29,721 |
| Beaver | 37,055 | 45.86% | 42,344 | 52.41% | 794 | 0.98% | 281 | 0.35% | 319 | 0.39% | -5,289 | -6.55% | 80,793 |
| Bedford | 4,788 | 22.01% | 16,702 | 76.79% | 143 | 0.66% | 64 | 0.29% | 53 | 0.24% | -11,914 | -54.78% | 21,750 |
| Berks | 83,011 | 48.64% | 84,702 | 49.63% | 1,832 | 1.07% | 775 | 0.45% | 356 | 0.21% | -1,691 | -0.99% | 170,676 |
| Blair | 16,276 | 32.32% | 33,319 | 66.16% | 464 | 0.92% | 182 | 0.36% | 124 | 0.25% | -17,043 | -33.84% | 50,365 |
| Bradford | 8,624 | 36.64% | 14,410 | 61.21% | 243 | 1.03% | 149 | 0.63% | 114 | 0.48% | -5,786 | -24.57% | 23,540 |
| Bucks | 160,521 | 49.97% | 156,579 | 48.74% | 2,863 | 0.89% | 1,053 | 0.33% | 250 | 0.08% | 3,942 | 1.23% | 321,266 |
| Butler | 28,550 | 31.83% | 59,761 | 66.62% | 819 | 0.91% | 315 | 0.35% | 254 | 0.28% | -31,211 | -34.79% | 89,699 |
| Cambria | 24,249 | 40.06% | 35,163 | 58.10% | 712 | 1.18% | 402 | 0.66% | 0 | 0.00% | -10,914 | -18.04% | 60,526 |
| Cameron | 724 | 34.07% | 1,359 | 63.95% | 19 | 0.89% | 9 | 0.42% | 14 | 0.66% | -635 | -29.88% | 2,125 |
| Carbon | 11,580 | 45.07% | 13,504 | 52.56% | 356 | 1.39% | 141 | 0.55% | 113 | 0.44% | -1,924 | -7.49% | 25,694 |
| Centre | 34,176 | 48.90% | 34,001 | 48.65% | 1,049 | 1.50% | 400 | 0.57% | 260 | 0.37% | 175 | 0.25% | 69,886 |
| Chester | 124,311 | 49.22% | 124,840 | 49.43% | 2,082 | 0.82% | 740 | 0.29% | 603 | 0.24% | -529 | -0.21% | 252,576 |
| Clarion | 5,056 | 31.08% | 10,828 | 66.55% | 208 | 1.28% | 94 | 0.58% | 84 | 0.52% | -5,772 | -35.47% | 16,270 |
| Clearfield | 11,121 | 34.62% | 20,347 | 63.34% | 339 | 1.06% | 160 | 0.50% | 155 | 0.48% | -9,226 | -28.72% | 32,122 |
| Clinton | 5,734 | 43.08% | 7,303 | 54.86% | 171 | 1.28% | 57 | 0.43% | 46 | 0.35% | -1,569 | -11.78% | 13,311 |
| Columbia | 10,937 | 42.48% | 14,236 | 55.30% | 324 | 1.26% | 126 | 0.49% | 121 | 0.47% | -3,299 | -12.82% | 25,744 |
| Crawford | 13,883 | 39.02% | 20,901 | 58.75% | 436 | 1.23% | 168 | 0.47% | 187 | 0.52% | -7,018 | -19.73% | 35,575 |
| Cumberland | 44,367 | 39.90% | 64,809 | 58.29% | 1,191 | 1.07% | 447 | 0.40% | 377 | 0.34% | -20,442 | -18.39% | 111,191 |
| Dauphin | 64,965 | 52.26% | 57,450 | 46.22% | 1,128 | 0.91% | 465 | 0.37% | 293 | 0.24% | 7,515 | 6.04% | 124,301 |
| Delaware | 171,792 | 60.16% | 110,853 | 38.82% | 2,002 | 0.70% | 917 | 0.32% | 0 | 0.00% | 60,939 | 21.34% | 285,564 |
| Elk | 5,463 | 41.14% | 7,579 | 57.08% | 117 | 0.88% | 79 | 0.59% | 41 | 0.31% | -2,116 | -15.94% | 13,279 |
| Erie | 68,036 | 57.12% | 49,025 | 41.16% | 1,087 | 0.91% | 471 | 0.40% | 495 | 0.42% | 19,011 | 15.96% | 119,114 |
| Fayette | 21,971 | 45.16% | 26,018 | 53.48% | 365 | 0.75% | 151 | 0.31% | 144 | 0.30% | -4,047 | -8.32% | 48,649 |
| Forest | 896 | 38.55% | 1,383 | 59.51% | 23 | 0.99% | 10 | 0.43% | 12 | 0.52% | -487 | -20.96% | 2,324 |
| Franklin | 18,995 | 30.00% | 43,260 | 68.32% | 571 | 0.90% | 252 | 0.40% | 242 | 0.38% | -24,265 | -38.32% | 63,320 |
| Fulton | 1,310 | 21.06% | 4,814 | 77.38% | 50 | 0.80% | 21 | 0.34% | 26 | 0.42% | -3,504 | -56.32% | 6,221 |
| Greene | 5,852 | 40.23% | 8,428 | 57.94% | 116 | 0.80% | 68 | 0.47% | 82 | 0.56% | -2,576 | -17.71% | 14,546 |
| Huntingdon | 5,409 | 30.57% | 11,979 | 67.71% | 135 | 0.76% | 116 | 0.66% | 53 | 0.30% | -6,570 | -37.14% | 17,692 |
| Indiana | 14,473 | 39.71% | 21,257 | 58.33% | 385 | 1.06% | 206 | 0.57% | 123 | 0.34% | -6,784 | -18.62% | 36,444 |
| Jefferson | 4,787 | 26.33% | 13,048 | 71.78% | 173 | 0.95% | 89 | 0.49% | 81 | 0.44% | -8,261 | -45.45% | 18,178 |
| Juniata | 2,547 | 26.55% | 6,862 | 71.52% | 83 | 0.87% | 43 | 0.45% | 60 | 0.63% | -4,315 | -44.97% | 9,595 |
| Lackawanna | 61,838 | 62.87% | 35,085 | 35.67% | 743 | 0.76% | 349 | 0.35% | 336 | 0.34% | 26,753 | 27.20% | 98,351 |
| Lancaster | 88,481 | 39.62% | 130,669 | 58.50% | 2,527 | 1.13% | 759 | 0.34% | 915 | 0.41% | -42,188 | -18.88% | 223,351 |
| Lawrence | 17,513 | 44.69% | 21,047 | 53.71% | 334 | 0.85% | 142 | 0.36% | 153 | 0.39% | -3,534 | -9.02% | 39,189 |
| Lebanon | 19,900 | 35.05% | 35,872 | 63.18% | 589 | 1.04% | 219 | 0.39% | 197 | 0.35% | -15,972 | -28.13% | 56,777 |
| Lehigh | 78,283 | 53.17% | 66,874 | 45.42% | 1,331 | 0.90% | 514 | 0.35% | 222 | 0.15% | 11,409 | 7.75% | 147,224 |
| Luzerne | 64,307 | 51.51% | 58,325 | 46.72% | 1,261 | 1.01% | 546 | 0.44% | 406 | 0.33% | 5,982 | 4.79% | 124,845 |
| Lycoming | 15,203 | 32.58% | 30,658 | 65.69% | 409 | 0.88% | 223 | 0.48% | 176 | 0.38% | -15,455 | -33.11% | 46,669 |
| McKean | 5,297 | 34.95% | 9,545 | 62.99% | 178 | 1.17% | 88 | 0.58% | 46 | 0.30% | -4,248 | -28.04% | 15,154 |
| Mercer | 24,232 | 47.48% | 25,925 | 50.79% | 487 | 0.95% | 219 | 0.43% | 176 | 0.34% | -1,693 | -3.31% | 51,039 |
| Mifflin | 4,273 | 26.03% | 11,939 | 72.73% | 107 | 0.65% | 52 | 0.32% | 45 | 0.27% | -7,666 | -46.70% | 16,416 |
| Monroe | 35,221 | 55.89% | 26,867 | 42.63% | 596 | 0.95% | 233 | 0.37% | 106 | 0.17% | 8,354 | 13.26% | 63,023 |
| Montgomery | 233,356 | 56.52% | 174,381 | 42.24% | 3,253 | 0.79% | 1,210 | 0.29% | 669 | 0.16% | 58,975 | 14.28% | 412,869 |
| Montour | 3,053 | 38.85% | 4,652 | 59.19% | 96 | 1.22% | 30 | 0.38% | 28 | 0.36% | -1,599 | -20.34% | 7,859 |
| Northampton | 67,606 | 51.59% | 61,446 | 46.89% | 1,188 | 0.91% | 495 | 0.38% | 309 | 0.24% | 6,160 | 4.71% | 131,044 |
| Northumberland | 13,072 | 39.19% | 19,518 | 58.51% | 422 | 1.27% | 200 | 0.60% | 144 | 0.43% | -6,446 | -19.32% | 33,356 |
| Perry | 5,685 | 29.59% | 13,120 | 68.28% | 238 | 1.24% | 85 | 0.44% | 87 | 0.45% | -7,435 | -38.69% | 19,215 |
| Philadelphia | 588,806 | 85.24% | 96,467 | 13.97% | 2,892 | 0.42% | 2,162 | 0.31% | 449 | 0.06% | 492,339 | 71.27% | 690,776 |
| Pike | 10,210 | 43.86% | 12,786 | 54.93% | 194 | 0.83% | 89 | 0.38% | 0 | 0.00% | -2,576 | -11.07% | 23,279 |
| Potter | 1,897 | 26.06% | 5,231 | 71.86% | 78 | 1.07% | 36 | 0.49% | 37 | 0.51% | -3,334 | -45.80% | 7,279 |
| Schuylkill | 24,546 | 42.29% | 32,278 | 55.61% | 617 | 1.06% | 286 | 0.49% | 321 | 0.55% | -7,732 | -13.32% | 58,048 |
| Snyder | 4,687 | 31.11% | 10,073 | 66.85% | 180 | 1.19% | 62 | 0.41% | 66 | 0.44% | -5,386 | -35.74% | 15,068 |
| Somerset | 9,436 | 27.69% | 23,984 | 70.38% | 334 | 0.98% | 188 | 0.55% | 136 | 0.40% | -14,548 | -42.69% | 34,078 |
| Sullivan | 1,034 | 35.06% | 1,868 | 63.34% | 30 | 1.02% | 17 | 0.58% | 0 | 0.00% | -834 | -28.28% | 2,949 |
| Susquehanna | 6,935 | 38.28% | 10,800 | 59.62% | 202 | 1.12% | 107 | 0.59% | 72 | 0.40% | -3,865 | -21.34% | 18,116 |
| Tioga | 5,357 | 31.34% | 11,342 | 66.35% | 195 | 1.14% | 110 | 0.64% | 90 | 0.53% | -5,985 | -35.01% | 17,094 |
| Union | 6,109 | 37.39% | 9,896 | 60.57% | 184 | 1.13% | 79 | 0.48% | 69 | 0.42% | -3,787 | -23.18% | 16,337 |
| Venango | 7,945 | 35.70% | 13,815 | 62.07% | 299 | 1.34% | 108 | 0.49% | 90 | 0.40% | -5,870 | -26.37% | 22,257 |
| Warren | 6,995 | 40.44% | 10,010 | 57.86% | 205 | 1.19% | 89 | 0.51% | 0 | 0.00% | -3,015 | -17.42% | 17,299 |
| Washington | 40,345 | 42.48% | 53,230 | 56.04% | 854 | 0.90% | 321 | 0.34% | 228 | 0.24% | -12,885 | -13.56% | 94,978 |
| Wayne | 8,396 | 38.74% | 12,896 | 59.50% | 195 | 0.90% | 120 | 0.55% | 67 | 0.31% | -4,500 | -20.76% | 21,674 |
| Westmoreland | 63,722 | 37.58% | 103,932 | 61.29% | 1,426 | 0.84% | 492 | 0.29% | 0 | 0.00% | -40,210 | -23.71% | 169,572 |
| Wyoming | 5,061 | 42.45% | 6,587 | 55.26% | 152 | 1.28% | 72 | 0.60% | 49 | 0.42% | -1,526 | -12.81% | 11,921 |
| York | 73,191 | 38.52% | 113,304 | 59.63% | 1,985 | 1.04% | 749 | 0.39% | 776 | 0.41% | -40,113 | -21.11% | 190,005 |
| Totals | 2,990,274 | 51.95% | 2,680,434 | 46.57% | 49,991 | 0.87% | 21,341 | 0.37% | 13,580 | 0.24% | 309,840 | 5.38% | 5,755,620 |
|
Democratic
Hold |
Republican
Hold
Gain from Democratic
|
Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican
By congressional district
Despite losing the state overall, Romney won 13 of Pennsylvania's 18 congressional districts. This included the 4th and 12th districts, which at the time had Democrats representing them in Congress, though ended up electing Republicans in the House elections.
| District | Romney | Obama | Representative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 16.89% | 82.26% | Bob Brady |
| 2nd | 8.95% | 90.41% | Chaka Fattah |
| 3rd | 55.60% | 43.05% | Mike Kelly |
| 4th | 57.07% | 41.51% | Jason Altmire |
| Scott Perry | |||
| 5th | 56.95% | 41.35% | Glenn Thompson |
| 6th | 50.57% | 48.12% | Jim Gerlach |
| 7th | 50.36% | 48.53% | Pat Meehan |
| 8th | 49.42% | 49.35% | Mike Fitzpatrick |
| 9th | 62.82% | 35.87% | Bill Shuster |
| 10th | 60.11% | 38.46% | Tom Marino |
| 11th | 53.90% | 44.57% | Lou Barletta |
| 12th | 57.81% | 40.94% | Mark Critz |
| Keith Rothfus | |||
| 13th | 32.91% | 66.17% | Allyson Schwartz |
| 14th | 30.64% | 67.99% | Mike Doyle |
| 15th | 50.78% | 47.87% | Charlie Dent |
| 16th | 52.35% | 46.25% | Joe Pitts |
| 17th | 43.26% | 55.38% | Tim Holden |
| Matt Cartwright | |||
| 18th | 57.95% | 40.99% | Tim Murphy |
See also
References
- "2012 General Primary". Pennsylvania Department of State. 2012. Archived from the original on April 28, 2012. Retrieved October 18, 2012.
- O'Neill, Brian (October 16, 2011). "Don't let Pa. flunk out of the Electoral College". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. A-2.
- McNulty, Timothy (September 8, 2012). "Romney campaign not expected to invest much in Pa". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. A-1.
- "2012 General Primary". Pennsylvania Department of State. 2012. Archived from the original on January 19, 2013. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
- Electoral-vote.com labeled Pennsylvania "likely Democratic". Tanenbaum, Andrew S. "Electoral-vote.com". Retrieved October 17, 2012.
The Washington Post labeled Pennsylvania "lean Democratic". "2012 Election Map: The race for the presidency". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
CNN labeled Pennsylvania "leaning Obama". Dengo, Sophia; Perry, Bryan; Hayes, John; John, Joel; Slaton, A.D. "CNN Electoral Map". CNN Politics. CNN. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
The Cook Political Report labeled Pennsylvania "lean Democratic". "Presidential: Maps". The Cook Political Report. Retrieved October 17, 2012. - Woodall, Candy. "Joe Biden wins Pennsylvania: Here's how he reclaimed his home state and the 'blue wall'". USA TODAY. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
- "Pennsylvania Election Results 2016". The New York Times. September 13, 2017. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
- "Pennsylvania Election Results". The New York Times. November 3, 2020. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
- "2012 General Primary Write-in Totals" (PDF). Pennsylvania Department of State. 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 18, 2012.
- "2012 Presidential Primaries, Caucuses, and Conventions: Pennsylvania Democrat". The Green Papers. 2012. Retrieved October 18, 2012.
- Fitzgerald, Thomas; Worden, Amy (April 6, 2012). "Santorum meets with conservatives as Romney, in Pa., looks to the fall". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. A1.
- "Santorum Taking Four-Day Break from Campaign Trail". Fox Television Stations, Inc. April 4, 2012.
- "Santorum Cancels Monday Events to Be With Ill Child". The Wall Street Journal. April 7, 2012.
- Walshe, Shushannah (May 7, 2012). "Rick Santorum Formally Endorses Mitt Romney". The Note. ABC News. Retrieved October 24, 2012.
- Camia, Catalina (August 24, 2012). "Santorum releases GOP convention delegates". USA Today. Retrieved October 24, 2012.
- "Primaries & Caucuses: Results: Pennsylvania". CNN Politics. CNN. July 30, 2012. Retrieved October 20, 2012.
- When Pennsylvania delegation chair Tom Corbett announced the Pennsylvania delegates' votes on the convention floor, he said that sixty-seven delegates had voted for Romney and five had voted for Paul Ryan. However, since Ryan was not a candidate (rather, he was Romney's running mate), it is generally assumed that Corbett misspoke—that the five votes were actually for Ron Paul.
- "2012 Presidential Primaries, Caucuses, and Conventions: Republican Convention". The Green Papers. 2012. Retrieved October 20, 2012.
- Brown, Catherine (August 29, 2012). "NJ Puts Romney Over the Top". NBC10 Philadelphia. Retrieved October 20, 2012.
Later, as the roll call continued, the Pennsylvania delegation led by Gov. Tom Corbett (R), cast 67 of its delegate votes for Romney, the rest went to Ron Paul, although Corbett may have actually said 'Paul Ryan,' in a possible slip of the tongue.
- Doherty, Brian (August 29, 2012). "Ron Paul's Followers and the GOP: Where To From Here, and How?". Reason. Retrieved October 20, 2012.
In the end, Paul got around 190 delegates votes (if we presume Pennsylvania's five for 'Paul Ryan' were actually meant for Ron Paul).
- "Pennsylvania: Romney vs. Obama". RealClearPolitics. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
- Silver, Nate. "FiveThirtyEight". The New York Times. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
- "2012 Presidential Election Polls - PA". US Election Atlas.
- Levy, Marc (October 30, 2012). "Romney, Obama campaigns resume Pa. ad campaigns". Philly.com. Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
- Levy, Marc (November 1, 2012). "Romney, RNC splashing down in Pa. in 11th-hour bid". Deseret News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 30, 2014. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
- "Pennsylvania Elections – County Breakdown Results". electionreturns.pa.gov. November 6, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
External links
- The Green Papers: for Pennsylvania
- The Green Papers: Major state elections in chronological order
