Siping, Jilin

Siping (Chinese: 四平; pinyin: Sìpíng), formerly Sipingjie (Chinese: 四平街; pinyin: Sìpíngjiē; Wade–Giles: Ssupingchieh), is a prefecture-level city in the west of Jilin province, People's Republic of China. It has a total population of 1,814,733 inhabitants, as of the 2020 census. Siping covers an area of 14,323 km2 (5,530 sq mi) and is located in the middle of the Songliao Plain, near the border with Liaoning and Inner Mongolia provinces.

Siping
四平市
Siping martyr cenotaph, in Siping
Siping martyr cenotaph, in Siping
Location of Siping City (yellow) in Jilin (light grey) and China
Location of Siping City (yellow) in Jilin (light grey) and China
Siping is located in Jilin
Siping
Siping
Location of the city centre in Jilin
Coordinates (Siping municipal government): 43°10′00″N 124°21′02″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceJilin
County-level divisions7
Government
  TypePrefecture-level city
  CPC Siping SecretaryHan Fuchun
  MayorGuo Lingji
Area
  Prefecture-level city14,323 km2 (5,530 sq mi)
  Urban
 (2017)[1]
118.11 km2 (45.60 sq mi)
Elevation
164 m (538 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[2]
  Prefecture-level city1,814,733
  Density130/km2 (330/sq mi)
  Urban
627,957
  Urban density5,300/km2 (14,000/sq mi)
  Metro
627,957
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
136000
Area code0434
ISO 3166 codeCN-JL-03
GDPCN¥320.66 billion (2006)
License Plate Prefix吉C
Major NationalitiesHan: 91.6%
Websitesiping.gov.cn

History

Siping's history can be stretched to 3000 years ago during Shang Dynasty. The Kingdom of Yan Ruins indicate that the Han Chinese People started moving into Northeast region of China during the Spring and Autumn period. Ancient ethnic tribes such as the Fuyu, the Goguryeo, the Khitans, the Jurchen, the Mongols, the Manchus, and Koreans have left behind cultural artifacts, including Hanzhou, Xinzhou, and the Yehe Tribe Cultural Artifacts.

Yehe Town in Siping is also the hometown of two empresses of the Qing Dynasty, Empress Dowager Cixi and Empress Dowager Longyu.[3]

However, Siping was a place of little importance until the completion of the railway between Changchun and the port of Dalian in 1902. With a rapidly growing population, Siping became a regional commercial center. After 1907, Siping's economy experienced steady growth under the administration of the South Manchuria Railway Company. The construction of a railway linked to Baicheng in northwestern Jilin Province was completed in 1923, while a railway running south to Tonghua and to Korean Peninsula was built in 1939. A new town was built after 1921, going by the name Ssupingkai. After 1932, under the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, some agriculture-based industry including brewing, oil pressing and flour milling grew up. In the latter part of World War II, the Japanese completed a project in the construction of a refinery for the production of synthetic petroleum from coal.

Communist troops in the Battle of Siping.

Siping was the site of several major battles during the Chinese Civil War between the Chinese Communist and Nationalist forces from 1945 to 1949.[4] After the war, Siping was virtually destroyed.[5]

Siping grew rapidly after the Communist government was established in 1949, being the third largest city in Jilin Province.

Geography and climate

Siping is located in the transition between plains and hilly terrain, with hills to the southeast and the Songliao Plain to the northwest. The city has a four-season, monsoon-influenced, humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa). Winters are long (lasting from November to March), cold, and windy, but dry, due to the influence of the Siberian anticyclone, with a January mean temperature of −13.2 °C (8.2 °F). Spring and fall are somewhat short transitional periods, with some precipitation, but are usually dry and windy. Summers are hot and humid, with a prevailing southeasterly wind due to the East Asian monsoon; July averages 23.7 °C (74.7 °F). Snow is usually light during the winter, and annual rainfall is heavily concentrated from June to August. The annual mean temperature is 7.12 °C (44.8 °F). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 46% in July to 71% in January and February, there are 2,684 hours of bright sunshine annually, with autumn and winter being especially sunny.

Climate data for Siping, Jilin (1991–2020 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 5.5
(41.9)
16.1
(61.0)
21.2
(70.2)
29.6
(85.3)
33.8
(92.8)
37.3
(99.1)
35.5
(95.9)
36.1
(97.0)
33.3
(91.9)
28.1
(82.6)
20.6
(69.1)
12.2
(54.0)
37.3
(99.1)
Average high °C (°F) −7.6
(18.3)
−2.3
(27.9)
5.3
(41.5)
15.6
(60.1)
22.7
(72.9)
27.1
(80.8)
28.4
(83.1)
27.6
(81.7)
23.2
(73.8)
14.7
(58.5)
3.5
(38.3)
−5.3
(22.5)
12.7
(55.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) −13.2
(8.2)
−8.0
(17.6)
−0.1
(31.8)
9.7
(49.5)
16.9
(62.4)
21.8
(71.2)
24.0
(75.2)
22.8
(73.0)
17.0
(62.6)
8.6
(47.5)
−1.5
(29.3)
−10.4
(13.3)
7.3
(45.1)
Average low °C (°F) −17.8
(0.0)
−13.2
(8.2)
−5.3
(22.5)
3.7
(38.7)
11.1
(52.0)
16.7
(62.1)
19.9
(67.8)
18.4
(65.1)
11.2
(52.2)
3.1
(37.6)
−6.0
(21.2)
−14.8
(5.4)
2.3
(36.1)
Record low °C (°F) −32.3
(−26.1)
−29.3
(−20.7)
−19.8
(−3.6)
−9.5
(14.9)
−1.3
(29.7)
5.0
(41.0)
11.5
(52.7)
5.2
(41.4)
−1.9
(28.6)
−13.2
(8.2)
−21.8
(−7.2)
−30.0
(−22.0)
−32.3
(−26.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 5.2
(0.20)
6.3
(0.25)
14.1
(0.56)
24.5
(0.96)
58.9
(2.32)
90.8
(3.57)
140.1
(5.52)
163.1
(6.42)
47.7
(1.88)
29.2
(1.15)
17.8
(0.70)
8.1
(0.32)
605.8
(23.85)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 4.6 3.6 4.9 6.0 9.9 12.5 13.1 12.3 7.6 6.6 5.5 5.2 91.8
Average snowy days 6.1 4.9 5.2 2.0 0.1 0 0 0 0 1.1 4.9 7.0 31.3
Average relative humidity (%) 66 58 52 46 51 64 77 79 69 63 63 66 63
Mean monthly sunshine hours 197.8 210.8 244.8 235.7 253.3 219.8 193.0 202.4 234.3 213.3 176.3 175.6 2,557.1
Percent possible sunshine 68 70 66 58 56 48 42 47 63 63 61 63 59
Source: China Meteorological Administration[6][7][8]

Administrative divisions

Siping prefecture includes two districts, two counties and two county-level cities. Four commodity grain bases in Jinlin Province, namely Lishu County, Yitong Manchu Autonomous County, and Shuangliao City, are under the administration of Siping. Gongzhuling City is under the administration of Jilin Province. Siping recorded a population of 1,814,733 in the 2020 census.

Map
Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Population (2013 est.) Area (km2) Density (/km2)
Tiexi District 铁西区 Tiěxī Qū 270,000 162 1,721
Tiedong District 铁东区 Tiědōng Qū 370,000 945 354
Shuangliao City 双辽市 Shuāngliáo Shì 410,000 3,121 135
Lishu County 梨树县 Líshù Xiàn 790,000 3,545 221
Yitong Manchu Autonomous County 伊通满族自治县 Yītōng Mǎnzú Zìzhìxiàn 470,000 2,523 188

Economy

Siping has GDP of RMB 1266.3 billion Yuan in 2015, representing a rise of 6.4% year on year.[9] The city's GDP ranked fourth in Jilin Province(2010). Agricultural products processing, electricity and thermal power, pharmaceutical, and chemicals are the pillar industries. Private economy is also a major contributor of the industrial sector.

Transport

Siping is a transportation hub in Jilin Province. The Qiqihar-Siping, Siping-Meihekou and Beijing–Harbin railways The city is served by both the Siping Railway Station and Siping East Railway Station (IATA: OSQ). The Harbin-Beijing Highspeed Railway also run through the Siping East Railway Station. The new airport will be completed in 2030.

With the Highway, the city run through Beijing-Harbin highway, JiTong highway, Daqiang-Guangzhou Highway, Changchun-Shenzhen Expressway, ChangYing highway, TieChao highway (Beijing-Siping highway), Yi Liao Expressway and Changchun-Liaoyuan highway. The city of Siping also has a ring first grade highway, which is connected to the 102 National Road and 303 National Road in the four directions.

Siping is 550 kilometers away from Dalian international shipping center. It is only 1 hours away from Changchun Longjia Airport and Shenyang Taoxian International Airport. The Siping local dual-use airport is about to open domestic flights.

Notable people

Sister cities

References

  1. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, ed. (2019). China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017. Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 50. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  2. "China: Jílín (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". Citypopulation.de. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  3. "Hktdc.co". 38.hktdc.co. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  4. Harold M. Tanner. The Battle for Manchuria and the Fate of China: Siping, 1946. Twentieth-Century Battles Series. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013. 288 pp, ISBN 978-0-253-00723-0; review by Johnny Spence, H-War, H-Net Reviews. January 2014
  5. 吉林省四平市志编纂委员会 [Siping, Jilin (1993). 四平市志. 吉林人民出版社 [Jilin People's Press]. ISBN 7-206-01824-6.
  6. 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  7. 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  8. 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集(1971-2000年). China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
  9. 2010年四平市国民经济和社会发展统计公报. city-net.cn.
  10. Derbyshire, John. "Second-Guessing China". National Review Online. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  11. "Aprueban hermanamiento de Tecate con ciudad China". Cadena Noticias. 4 March 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
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