Timeline of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war

The 2023 Israel–Hamas war began on October 7, 2023 when Hamas launched an unprecedented multi-faceted and sustained assault on Israel from the Gaza Strip, on the 50th Anniversary of the Yom Kippur War.[1]

As some developments may become known or fully understood only in retrospect, this is not an exhaustive list. Events on the ground for which the precise time is known are in Israel Summer Time (UTC+3).

October 7
  • At 6:30 a.m. IST, the first air raid sirens were activated in southern and central Israel in response to Hamas missiles.[2] Concurrently, Hamas's first public statement was made by Muhammad Deif, the leader of the military wing of Hamas, in a ten-minute recorded message published online. In it, Deif declared the start of "Operation Al-Aqsa Flood", and that "the enemy will understand that the time of their rampaging without accountability has ended,"[3] urging Palestinians to attack Israeli settlements with whatever weapons they had.[4][5]
  • 07:00: The Supernova Music Festival near the Re'im secular kibbutz was attacked by Hamas militants, some of whom arrive via motorized paragliders.[6] Of the approximately 3,000 to 5,000 people at the festival, at least 260 were killed and many others abducted.[7]
  • 07:40: The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) announced that Hamas militants had entered southern Israel and asked residents of Sderot and other cities to remain indoors. Hamas in the attack 1,400 are killed and two hundred kidnapped.[8]
  • 08:15: Sirens were activated in Jerusalem following a rocket barrage that landed in the forested hills on the city's western edge.
  • 08:23: Israel declared a state of alert for war, activating its reservists, in response to continued rocket attacks.
  • 08:34: Israel announced that it had begun counteroffensive operations against Hamas.
  • 10:47: The first Israeli Air Force (IAF) fighter jets attacked Gaza.
  • 11:35: Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu made his first statement about the conflict via Twitter,[9] declaring that Israel is at war.
  • At 12:21, the IDF began operations to relieve cities in southern Israel as the number of rockets launched from Gaza increased to over 1,200.
  • 12:29: The United States made its first statement, through the National Security Council, which condemned the terrorist attack and reaffirmed U.S. support for Israel.
  • 16:08: President Joe Biden spoke with Netanyahu and expressed his condolences and support, later declaring during a speech that U.S. support for Israel was "...solid and unwavering".

October 8
  • Israel formally declares a state of war under article Article 40A, the first time it has been invoked since the 1973 Yom Kippur War, half a century ago;[10] 300,000 reservists are called up, the most in the nation's history. The declared aim: eliminating Hamas's military capabilities and ending its rule over the Gaza Strip.[11]
  • Evacuations of residents in Israel living near the Gaza Strip were ordered,[12][13] and Netanyahu appointed former brigadier general Gal Hirsch as the government's point man on missing and kidnapped citizens.[14] A total lockdown was imposed on the West Bank by the IDF.[15]
  • US Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin orders the deployment of the USS Gerald Ford carrier strike group to the eastern Mediterranean.[16] US Air Force, F-35, F-15, F-16, and A-10 squadrons are augmented.[17] Hamas condemns the US Navy deployment as "aggression against the Palestinian people".[18]

October 9
See also: October 2023 Hezbollah strike and October 2023 Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip
  • Alim Abdallah, deputy commander of the Israeli 300th Brigade of the 91st Division, was killed by a Hezbollah attack at the Lebanese border.
  • Defense Minister Yoav Gallant announced a "total" blockade of the Gaza Strip that would cut electricity and block the entry of food and fuel, adding that "We are fighting human animals and we are acting accordingly."[19]
  • The IAF deployed C-130 and C-130J heavy transport planes across Europe to collect hundreds of off-duty IDF personnel to be deployed in the conflict.[20]

October 10
  • The IAF strikes more than 70 targets in and around Daraja Tuffah.[21]
  • Advanced weaponry from the U.S. arrives in Israel, its first such shipment of the war.[21]
  • President Biden noted in an afternoon briefing that "Hamas does not stand for the Palestinian people's right to dignity and self-determination. Its stated purpose is the annihilation of the State of Israel and the murder of Jewish people,"[22][23][24] and characterized its assault as "an act of sheer evil".[25]
  • Houthi leader Abdul-Malik al-Houthi announced that any intervention in Gaza by the United States would result in a Houthi intervention.[26]

October 11
  • Israeli warplanes struck and destroyed several buildings of the Islamic University of Gaza.[27]
  • Children were reported amongst the dead at the Kfar Aza massacre.[28]
  • The Ministry of Health of Palestine reported the death toll from Israeli airstrikes at 1,055, with 5,184 wounded, while more than 2,600 Gazans had left their homes. The death toll in Israel was adjusted to 1,200.
  • The sole power plant in Gaza ceased operations after running out of fuel because of Israel's blockade.[29]
  • Pope Francis called for the release of all hostages and expressed concern over the "total siege" of Gaza.
  • Hezbollah took responsibility for attacks with "precision missiles".
  • Seventeen UK nationals were reported dead or missing, and fourteen Thailand nationals were reported to have been taken hostage.
  • The Israel Border Police fatally shot two Palestinians in East Jerusalem.
  • The United States held talks with Egypt regarding a humanitarian corridor via its Gaza border crossing near Rafah.[30]
  • The Israeli army bombed the Gaza–Egypt Rafah border crossing.[31]

October 12
  • The IDF announced on social media that more than 1,000 Israelis had been killed and confirmed 50 people were hostages or missing.
  • The Palestinians announced that more than 900 were dead in Gaza.
  • U.S. military equipment arrived at Nevatim Airbase, and the USS Gerald Ford strike group was stationed in the eastern Mediterranean.
  • Australia and Canada made plans to airlift their citizens out of Israel via Tel Aviv.
  • More than 260,000 Palestinians were displaced due to Israeli airstrikes on Gaza per the UN. The IAF had attacked more than 200 targets.
  • IDF soldiers were carrying out artillery strikes in Syria after a number of mortars were launched toward northern Israel.[32]
  • Around 1500 bodies of militants of Hamas fighters had been accounted for in Israel.[33] Some militants had not fled back to Gaza and were being sought out by the IDF using military dragnets, killing 18 in the past day.
  • Israel announced that Gaza would not receive water, fuel, or electricity until the hostages were freed.[34][35][36][37]
  • Israel confirmed the bombing of Damascus and the Aleppo International Airport in Syria.[38]

October 13
  • An internal leaked U.S. State Department e-mail advised senior diplomats to avoid three phrases in their public statements: "de-escalation/ceasefire", "end to violence/bloodshed", and "restoring calm".[39] Accordingly "ceasefire" was scarcely mentioned on U.S. new reportage.[40]
  • Gazans flee to the south of the enclave (de facto beyond Wadi Gaza)[41] after an IDF warning the day before of combat operations of 24 hours notice. The UN, warning of a humanitarian catastrophe, urges[42] Israel to rescind its evacuation order,[43] as does Amnesty International.[44]
  • One evacuation route on Salah al-Din street is bombed; the Gaza health ministry claims 70 dead.[45]
  • Hamas told Gazans in the northern region (some 1.1 million people) to remain in place.[46]
  • The Vatican offered mediation.[47]
  • The IDF launched localized raids on Hamas cells. On the first week of the war the death toll in Gaza stands at 1,900 and the number of wounded at 7,696 according to the Gaza health ministry.[48]
  • Turkish aid arrived in Egypt.[49]

October 14
  • The IDF announced two routes with safe passage between 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. IDT (07:00–13:00 UTC) for mass evacuation.
  • Israel and Egypt announced that the Rafah crossing will be open for foreign nationals from from noon to 5:00 p.m.[50]
  • The US authorized the departure of non-emergency personnel from its embassy.[51]
  • Of the more than 1,300 killed by Hamas in Israel, more than 100 are foreigners.[52] The UN announces that more than 1,000 buildings have been destroyed in Gaza.[53]
  • Red Crescent ambulances are deliberately struck by IAF.[54]
  • The IAF bombs a building in southern Khan Younis.[55]
  • The commander of Hamas's aerial unit, who was intimately involved in planning the attack, is killed.[56]
  • United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) announced on Twitter that its shelters are no longer safe, which it deems an unprecedented situation.[42] Furthermore, water was running out.[57]
  • Israel deems that the war could take months. A record number of 360,000 reservists had reported for duty.[53]
  • During a meeting with UN diplomat Tor Wennesland, Iranian foreign minister asserted that Iran will intervene in the war if Israel continues its military operations or launches a ground invasion against Gaza.[58]

October 15

October 16
  • The carrier USS Eisenhower leaves Naval Station Norfolk in Virginia to join USS Gerald R. Ford as an added measure of deterrence for state and non-state actors.[68][69]
  • Iran threatened "pre-emptive" attacks against Israel, indicating further region-wide escalation of the war. Iranian foreign minister stated: "The possibility of pre-emptive action by the resistance front is expected in the coming hours... All options are open and we cannot be indifferent to the war crimes committed against the people of Gaza."[70][71]
  • President Biden in an interview on 60 Minutes says that an Israeli occupation of Gaza "would be a big mistake", adding "I am confident Israel will act under the rules of war".[72][73] He also said that Hamas must be eliminated, that there must be a path to a Palestinian state,[45] and regarded the initial Hamas attack as consequential as "The Holocaust".[74] (It is later announced that Biden will visit Israel on Wednesday.[75]
  • Khan Younis, a city of 400,000, is swamped by a million refugees.[45]
  • Hamas releases its first video of a hostage (an Israeli). Abu Obeida, the spokesperson for the military wing of Hamas, claims that it (Hamas) holds ~200 hostages, with "dozens" in the hands of various factions.[76][77][78]
  • Israel attacked the Al-Rafah border crossing at the Egyptian-Gazan border.[79]
  • Israeli prime minister Gideon Sa'ar states that "Gaza must be smaller at the end of the war".[80]

October 17
See also: October 2023 UNRWA school airstrike and Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion
  • An explosion occurred at the al-Ahli Arab Hospital where thousands of displaced Palestinians were seeking shelter; the initial estimated fatalities range in the hundreds. The IDF claims that a Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) rocket attack had failed, whereas the Gazan Health ministry claims that it was an IAF air strike;[1][81] independent analysis indicated that it was likely a failed rocket attack.[82][83] Protests erupted worldwide,[84] including in Ramallah and Hebron in the occupied West Bank.[85][86] Protestors from Ramallah demanded the "downfall" of Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas.[87]
  • Rear admiral Daniel Hagari claims that the damage to the Al-Ahli Arab Hospital was caused by the exploding fuel of a misfired Islamic Jihad rocket, not an Israeli aerial munition; he cites the lack of a crater and the nature of the structural damage.[88] A purported intelligence intercept of two Hamas operatives discussing the matter is released.[89]
  • The US State Department raises its travel advisory to Lebanon to Level 4: Do Not Travel.[90]

October 18
  • President Biden arrives in Tel Aviv.[91] (The planned summit in Amman, Jordan with Jordanian, Egyptian, and Fatah leaders had been cancelled due to the hospital bombing of the previous day, however.)[92] He expresses support for Israel and for the "legitimate aspirations of the Palestinian people", but notably does not call for a ceasefire. Nearly 800 people have been killed.[93][94]

October 19
See also: Church of Saint Porphyrius airstrike and October 2023 Tulkarm raid

October 20
  • Over 4000 Gazans are reported dead by the Gaza Health Ministry.[106] Some 13,260 have been wounded.[107][108]
  • 30 Thai are reported to have been killed in the initial Hamas attack; 17 are missing.[109] More than 1000 Chinese nationals have left Israel. (To date nationals of Brazil,[110] Poland,[111] Hungary, Romania,[112] Nigeria[113] and the United Kingdom have been repatriated.[114] Australia announced repatriation flights, and India set Operation Ajay in motion.)[115] Furthermore, The Netherlands is the latest nation to urge its citizens to leave Lebanon.[108]
  • Two more UNRWA workers are killed, bringing that toll to 16.[116]
  • United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres appears at Rafah Crossing.[104]
  • Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant announces that after the destruction of Hamas (including its governmental capabilities) Israel shall relinquish control of the Gaza Strip and that a new security regime shall be set up for Israel.[107][109]
  • US President Joe Biden says the first trucks of humanitarian aid to Gaza would be delivered within "24 to 48 hours."[117]

October 21

October 22
  • A second tranche of humanitarian aid arrives at Rafah Crossing: 17 trucks, some with a cargo of fuel.[128]
  • 14 more Israeli communities are evacuated near the border with Lebanon due to continuing Hezbollah/IDF action[129] (a total of 42).[130]
  • Rough totals to date: 4641 Gazans have been killed to date and 1.4 million have become refugees as per the Gaza Health Ministry.[129] 307 Israeli soldiers have been killed and 1200 wounded.[131][132] 1400 Israelis have been killed and 200,000 have been displaced, per the Times of Israel.[133][134] 212 hostages are still held in Gaza.[135] 29 UNRWA colleagues have been killed, half of them teachers.[135]
  • Israeli forces conducted a raid into Khan Yunis to locate hostages held by Hamas and target "terrorist infrastructure". They were engaged by Hamas's Qassam Brigades, which reported destroying two bulldozers and a tank. The IDF reported one soldier was killed and three injured by an anti-tank missile.[136]
  • Israel conducted the Al-Ansar Mosque airstrike in Jenin.

October 23
  • Omar Daraghmeh, a Hamas official, dies in an Israeli prison. Hamas spokespeople assert that this was an assassination.[137][138] He had been arrested in the West Bank by the IDF on October 9, along with his son.[139]
  • Hamas releases two more hostages to the Red Cross,[140] both elderly female Israelis, via Egyptian-Quatari mediation. Their husbands remain in captivity.[141]
  • Al-Qassam and Al-Quds Brigades announced they had attacked IDF positions near Erez with rockets, mortars and drones,[142] around 4:30 PM UTC+03:00. No statement was made by the IDF regarding these claims.

October 24
  • Netanyahu remarks to President of France Emmanuel Macron that "Hamas are the new Nazis".[143]
  • The Gaza Health Ministry puts the death toll since the start of the war at 5791, with 704 having been killed in the past 24 hours. It also announces that 12 hospitals and 32 clinics have ceased to function.[144]
  • Yocheved Lifshitz, 85, says at a press conference of her capture, "I went through hell", but that she was treated well in captivity.[145][146] The hostages in her group walked through kilometers of tunnels; she was eventually sequestered with several others under sanitary if spartan conditions with medical care and sustenance. Hers is the first public account of the sophistication and degree of this aspect of Hamas infrastructure and organization.[147][148]

October 27
  • Israel conducted a heavy round of airstrikes and said that it is "expanding its ground forces" in besieged Gaza.[149]
  • IAF air strikes reportedly hit near the vicinity of both al-Shifa Hospital and the Indonesian Hospital in Gaza.[150]

See also

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