Weinan

Weinan (Chinese: 渭南; pinyin: Wèinán) is a prefecture-level city in the east central Shaanxi province, China. The city lies on the lower section of the Wei River confluence into the Yellow River, about 60 km (37 mi) east of the provincial capital Xi'an, and borders the provinces of Shanxi and Henan to the east.

Weinan
渭南市
Location of Weinan City jurisdiction in Shaanxi
Location of Weinan City jurisdiction in Shaanxi
Coordinates (Weinan municipal government): 34°31′14″N 109°28′16″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceShaanxi
Settled668 BC
Municipal seatLinwei District
Divisions
County-level:


Township-level:

2 district
2 county-level cities
7 counties

143 towns and villages
Government
  CPC Ctte SecretaryLi Mingyuan
  MayorLi Yi
Area
  Land13,134 km2 (5,071 sq mi)
  Urban
 (2018)[1]
78 km2 (30 sq mi)
Population
 (2010)
  Prefecture-level city5,520,772
  Urban
 (2018)[1]
660,000
  Urban density8,500/km2 (22,000/sq mi)
DemonymGuanzhong dialect
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
714000
Area code0913
ISO 3166 codeCN-SN-05
GDP2011
 - TotalCNY1,119.0 billion
(USD177.6 billion)
 - Per capitaCNY19,424
(USD3,007)
Licence plate prefixes陕E
Website(in Chinese) Weinan.gov.cn
(in English) EN.Weinan.gov.cn

The name "Weinan", literally meaning "south of the Wei River", describes the location of the city's urban districts being mostly south of the Wei River, although majority of its metropolitan area actually lies on the north side of the river.

History

Xiyue Temple was first built in the Han dynasty

As a significant area between the ancient Chinese capital Xi'an and Luoyang, Weinan has a long history.

Ancient

Weinan Drum Tower, built in the Ming dynasty

The ancient Dali Man lived in the modern area of Weinan. The Xiagui county was settled in the year of 668 BC by the state of Qin. Weinan got its name in the year of 360 by the Former Qin state. In the Tang dynasty, 10 emperors were buried in Weinan after their death. On the morning of 23 January 1556, the deadliest earthquake on record with its epicenter in Huaxian killed approximately 830,000 people, destroying an 840 kilometre-wide (520 mi) area.[2]

Modern

The Weinan prefecture-level city was established in 1995, in replacement of the Weinan prefecture. Due to the construction of the Sanmenxia Dam, the economy of the city was restricted to agricultural sections, and therefore the development level of the city is much lower than other cities in the province. The city developed rapidly after economic reform in China. The east part of Guanzhong Plain now belongs to the city, making Weinan the second most populated city in the Shaanxi province, after the capital Xi'an.

Administration

The municipal executive, legislature and judiciary are in Linwei District, together with the CPC and Public Security bureaux.

Administrative divisions of Weinan City
Division code[3] English name Chinese name Pinyin Area
(km)
Seat Postal code Subdivisions[4]
Subdistricts Towns Residential communities Villages
610500Weinan City 渭南市Wèinán Shì13030.56Linwei District714000121302153218
610502Linwei District 临渭区Línwèi Qū1263.76Duqiao Subdistrict (杜桥街道)71400081656514
610503Huazhou District 华州区Huàzhōu Qū1132.46Huazhou Subdistrict (华州街道)7141001915242
610522Tongguan County 潼关县Tóngguān Xiàn427.35Chengguan Subdistrict (城关街道)714300141578
610523Dali County 大荔县Dàlì Xiàn1690.60Chengguan Subdistrict (城关街道)71510011526400
610524Heyang County 合阳县Héyáng Xiàn1317.15Chengguan Subdistrict (城关街道)71530011119353
610525Chengcheng County 澄城县Chéngchéng Xiàn1121.64Chengguan Subdistrict (城关街道)7152001914266
610526Pucheng County 蒲城县Púchéng Xiàn1579.81Chengguan Subdistrict (城关街道)7155001158373
610527Baishui County 白水县Báishuǐ Xiàn983.95Chengguan Subdistrict (城关街道)7156001711194
610528Fuping County 富平县Fùpíng Xiàn1245.99Chengguan Subdistrict (城关街道)7117001149337
610581Hancheng City 韩城市Hánchéng Shì1591.60Xincheng Subdistrict (新城街道)71540021026275
610582Huayin City 华阴市Huàyīn Shì676.26Taihua Road Subdistrict (太华路街道)7142002416186
Note: The statistic of Linwei District includes the 2 subdistricts of Weinan High-Tech Industrial Development Zone.

Climate

Climate data for Weinan (1991–2015 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 17.3
(63.1)
24.2
(75.6)
30.9
(87.6)
36.2
(97.2)
37.5
(99.5)
42.8
(109.0)
40.4
(104.7)
39.0
(102.2)
37.9
(100.2)
32.0
(89.6)
25.6
(78.1)
22.5
(72.5)
42.8
(109.0)
Average high °C (°F) 5.3
(41.5)
9.9
(49.8)
16.0
(60.8)
22.7
(72.9)
27.7
(81.9)
32.5
(90.5)
33.2
(91.8)
30.9
(87.6)
26.1
(79.0)
20.3
(68.5)
12.9
(55.2)
6.6
(43.9)
20.3
(68.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.1
(31.8)
3.9
(39.0)
9.5
(49.1)
15.8
(60.4)
20.9
(69.6)
25.9
(78.6)
27.4
(81.3)
25.3
(77.5)
20.4
(68.7)
14.5
(58.1)
7.3
(45.1)
1.4
(34.5)
14.4
(57.8)
Average low °C (°F) −4.3
(24.3)
−0.8
(30.6)
4.1
(39.4)
9.7
(49.5)
14.5
(58.1)
19.5
(67.1)
22.3
(72.1)
20.8
(69.4)
16.0
(60.8)
10.0
(50.0)
2.9
(37.2)
−2.8
(27.0)
9.3
(48.8)
Record low °C (°F) −13.7
(7.3)
−14.5
(5.9)
−7.5
(18.5)
−1.2
(29.8)
2.4
(36.3)
10.3
(50.5)
15.0
(59.0)
13.0
(55.4)
6.6
(43.9)
−3.3
(26.1)
−7.7
(18.1)
−16.7
(1.9)
−16.7
(1.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 5.4
(0.21)
10.1
(0.40)
21.9
(0.86)
42.9
(1.69)
55.3
(2.18)
56.4
(2.22)
82.8
(3.26)
82.0
(3.23)
96.2
(3.79)
54.5
(2.15)
25.9
(1.02)
5.1
(0.20)
538.5
(21.21)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 3.3 4.0 5.6 7.1 8.4 7.2 8.9 9.2 11.0 8.5 5.6 2.6 81.4
Average snowy days 4.0 2.8 1.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1 3.2 12.2
Average relative humidity (%) 64 63 62 64 64 61 72 78 80 77 74 67 69
Mean monthly sunshine hours 130.8 129.3 167.8 194.8 217.5 218.0 228.5 203.7 146.3 138.6 126.7 128.8 2,030.8
Percent possible sunshine 42 42 45 49 50 50 52 49 40 40 41 42 45
Source: China Meteorological Administration[5][6]

Demographics

Breakdown of Weinan population by district and county (2010 census)
Division Permanent residents[7](November 2010) Hukou residents[8]
(by end of 2010)
Total Percentage Population density (persons/km2)
Weinan City 5286077100405.675600599
Linwei District 87714216.59694.07976822
Huazhou District 3221486.09284.47347913
Tongguan County 1554632.94363.79165860
Dali County 69339213.12410.15718340
Heyang County 4364418.26331.35451983
Chengcheng County 3861507.31344.27404663
Pucheng County 74300014.06470.31782571
Baishui County 2796795.29284.24294823
Fuping County 74338514.06596.62791246
Hancheng City 3911647.40245.77399696
Huayin City 2581134.88381.68266682
Note:The permanent residents of Linwei district include the 49209 permanent residents of Weinan High-Tech Industrial Development Zone.

According to the sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China, there are 5,286,077 people resident in Weinan.[9] Compared to the previous census data from 2000, the population has decreased by 108,729 persons. Among the residents, 50.75% are males and 49.25% are females. The number of male and female residents are separately 2,682,710 and 2,603,367. The sex ratio is 103.05.[9]

Transportation

Due to its location on the plain, Weinan is well connected, especially to the provincial capital Xi'an.

Public Transportation

As of March 2015, there are 20 bus routes operated in the urban area of the city. Apart from line 1 and 2 with air-conditioning carrying a fare of 2 RMB, all other bus route fares are 1 RMB. There are also 1000 taxis in the urban city, The base fare is currently ¥5 which covers the first 2.5 km. Additional kilometers cost ¥1.4 or ¥1.5 each.

Roads

China National Highway 108 and China National Highway 310 pass through the city. Major expressways in the city are G5 Beijing–Kunming Expressway, G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway and G65E Yulin–Lantian Expressway. 5 bridges connect north and south part of the city on the Wei River, there are also 3 road bridges connecting the city to the neighboring Shanxi Province on the Yellow River.

Rail

Weinan North railway station is connected by two high-speed railways.

The urban city of Weinan owns 4 railway stations. Weinan railway station was open in 1934. Located on the important Longhai railway, almost all Chinese major cities can be reached through the train. Weinan North railway station is served by high-speed trains on the Xuzhou–Lanzhou and Datong–Xi'an lines. The station is part of the Weinan Weihe Grand Bridge, one of the longest bridges in the world. Weinan South railway station and Weinan West railway station are on the Nanjing–Xi'an Railway, they are both only served by the slowest trains.

In the suburban area, there are also 2 stations for high-speed railway:Huashan North Railway Station and Dali Railway Station, there are as well also stations for conventional rail like the Huashan railway station and Hancheng railway station.

Air

There is no commercial passagenger airport in Weinan, the nearest airport is Xi'an Xianyang International Airport. A shuttle bus connects the Weinan Railway Station with the airport frequently throughout the day. A smaller airport is under construction in Huazhou District to serve the tourism of Hua Mountain.

Tourism

Education

Schools

As of end in 2012, there are 2859 schools of all kinds; 75 high schools, 70 vocational schools, 310 junior high schools, 1266 primary schools, 1002 kindergartens and 7 special education schools.

Universities

Weinan has 3 higher educational institutions. The Weinan Normal University is a comprehensive multi-discipline research university. Weinan has 2 other tertiary institutions, they are Shaanxi Railway Institute and Weinan Vocational and Technical College.

Notable people

International relations

Weinan's twin towns and sister cities are:

References

  1. Cox, W (2018). Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition (PDF). St. Louis: Demographia. p. 22.
  2. "China's History of Massive Earthquakes". 12 May 2008. Archived from the original on 14 May 2008. Retrieved 16 June 2008.
  3. 国家统计局统计用区划代码 (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of China. Retrieved 2015-06-26.
  4. Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China (2014). 《中国民政统计年鉴2014》 (in Simplified Chinese). China Statistics Print. ISBN 978-7-5037-7130-9.
  5. 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  6. 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  7. National Bureau of Statistics of China (2012). 《中国2010年人口普查分县资料》 (in Simplified Chinese). China Statistics Print. ISBN 978-7-5037-6659-6.
  8. Ministry of Public Security of China (1986). 《中华人民共和国全国分县市人口统计资料2010》 (in Simplified Chinese). 群众出版社. ISBN 978-7-5014-4917-0.
  9. 渭南市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报. Bureau of Health and Family Planning of Weinan City, in Chinese. Retrieved 2015-06-26.
  10. 我市与俄罗斯阿穆尔共青城结为友好城市. Weinan People's Government. Retrieved 2016-05-14.
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