World Intellectual Property Indicators

World Intellectual Property Indicators (WIPI) is an annual statistical report published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).[1] The publication provides an overview of the activity in the areas of patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, microorganisms, plant variety protection, geographical indications and the creative economy.

This article is about the World Intellectual Property Indicators. For other uses, see WIPI.

The WIPI draws on intellectual property (IP) statistics collected from the 193 member States of WIPO. It provides the latest trends for IP activity at world, geographical region, country and IP office levels. WIPO has published the report annually since 2009.[2]

Data sources

The IP statistics data presented in the WIPI are taken from the WIPO Statistics Database and based primarily on data collected from national and regional IP offices, other competent authorities and publishers’ associations from around the world, through annual surveys consisting of multiple questionnaires. Data are also compiled by WIPO in processing international applications through the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), the Madrid System for trademark protection and the Hague System for industrial design protection.[3]

Patent family and technology data are extracted from the WIPO Statistics Database and from the PATSTAT database of the European Patent Office (EPO).[4] Gross domestic product, income group classification and population data are from the World Development Indicators database of the World Bank. Geographical regions are those defined by the United Nations.[3]

Accessing the report and its data

The WIPI is available on WIPO website. Its underlying data can be extracted from the IP Statistics Data Center, which is WIPO’s online statistical database.[1][2][5]

The IP Facts and Figures report, drawn from the WIPI, serves as a quick reference guide for the most frequently used measure of IP activity.[6] An online statistical country profiles also provides a set of IP statistics at country level.[7]

More comprehensive data and analysis on the WIPO administrated Systems are available in a series of three publications: PCT Yearly Review, Madrid Yearly Review and Hague Yearly Review.[8][9][10]

IP Statistics by IP office or by country of origin

Applications received by offices from resident and non-resident applicants are referred to as office data, whereas applications filed by applicants at their national or regional office (resident applications) or at a foreign office (applications filed abroad) are referred to as origin data.[3][11] For statistical purposes, WIPO defines the origin of an IP application to be the country or territory of residence of the first named applicant in the application.[3][11]

Due to the nature of regional offices, the WIPI uses an equivalent application concept for reporting data by origin.[3][11] Applications at regional offices are equivalent to multiple applications, one in each of the member states of those offices. For the EPO and the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO), the equivalent application is counted as one application abroad, if the applicant does not reside in a member state, or as one resident application and one application abroad, if the applicant resides in a member state.[3]

The patent, trademark and industrial design data presented in this table come from the WIPI and show the application filing activity trend by country of origin and by year of filing.

Trademark application data refer to class counts – that is, the number of classes specified in applications. This provides the best comparison of international trademark filing activity across origins, because some jurisdictions may allow multiple classes of goods and services to be specified in a single application, whereas others require a separate application for each class. For the same reason, industrial design data refer to design counts, that is, the number of designs contained in applications.[2][11]

Patents, trademarks, and industrial design filing activity by country of origin[1][12][13][14]
Code Country Patent applications

in 2020

 Patent applications

in 2021

 Trademarks applications

in 2020

 Trademarks applications

in 2021

 Industrial design applications

in 2020

 Industrial design applications

in 2021

AD  Andorra 45 27 6,149 7,543 0 0
AE  United Arab Emirates 837 655 40,329 44,270 624 1,260
AG  Antigua and Barbuda 532 408 696 1,924 1 2
AL  Albania 0 39 2,485 2,766 139 58
AM  Armenia 135 105 5,225 5,507 251 81
AO  Angola 0 87 2,732 0 0 0
AR  Argentina 1,239 716 73,992 82,445 1,694 1,624
AT  Austria 13,763 13,467 358,211 412,168 69,827 82,185
AU  Australia 11,907 12,821 224,860 251,659 15,680 18,049
AZ  Azerbaijan 244 338 5,050 6,135 36 81
BA  Bosnia and Herzegovina 61 64 2,716 1,868 299 671
BB  Barbados 667 767 3,351 17,043 0 0
BD  Bangladesh 56 90 9,991 11,009 1,163 1,393
BE  Belgium 13,478 13,959 271,634 281,857 34,785 35,115
BF  Burkina Faso 153 85 5,296 6,148 223 206
BG  Bulgaria 602 466 96,016 105,238 10,790 13,014
BH  Bahrain 37 17 1,243 1,274 70 15
BI  Burundi 3 0 55 0 0 0
BJ  Benin 51 171 2,687 3,596 85 85
BN  Brunei 10 5 284 729 0 0
BR  Brazil 7,271 6,902 281,493 370,129 5,417 7,920
BT  Bhutan 1 0 258 157 9 3
BW  Botswana 6 4 797 0 0 18
BY  Belarus 1,278 1,118 11,628 12,247 264 462
BZ  Belize 19 21 0 0 6 59
CA  Canada 23,855 26,505 193,557 236,100 15,114 17,985
CD  Democratic Republic of the Congo 75 0 566 0 0 0
CF  Central African Republic 68 17 0 68 17 0
CG  Republic of the Congo 204 71 1,010 707 34 17
CH   Switzerland 44,806 48,267 497,272 563,871 143,025 117,813
CI  Ivory Coast 278 697 21,834 19,631 1,649 1,360
CL  Chile 862 930 55,772 66,132 364 189
CM  Cameroon 714 1,074 10,938 13,245 479 631
CN  China 1,441,086 1,538,558 10,890,046 11,163,978 1,336,233 1,512,842
CO  Colombia 597 692 37,605 42,669 405 635
CR  Costa Rica 87 129 9,513 10,910 11 13
CU  Cuba 170 111 3,397 2,517 20 14
CV  Cape Verde 1 1 184 147 4 0
CW  Curaçao 0 0 478 2,396 0 0
CY  Cyprus 360 414 79,212 90,895 4,488 9,184
CZ  Czech Republic 1,953 1,921 151,559 199,139 25,477 24,605
DE  Germany 168,092 165,750 2,705,656 2,943,506 581,330 540,676
DK  Denmark 13,586 14,083 177,752 195,697 60,558 58,229
DM  Dominica 3 5 174 42 0 0
DO  Dominican Republic 35 46 8,793 11,064 7 44
DZ  Algeria 173 281 13,517 11,847 1,207 900
EC  Ecuador 48 51 13,502 15,497 55 107
EE  Estonia 297 350 54,527 74,414 5,429 5,773
EG  Egypt 1,187 997 0 0 0 0
ES  Spain 10,170 10,875 738,735 794,292 110,103 101,587
ET  Ethiopia 13 0 1,570 0 0 0
FI  Finland 12,053 12,824 176,990 174,788 30,839 25,455
FR  France 64,287 66,087 1,073,371 1,250,272 195,899 227,888
GA  Gabon 68 359 1,045 1,228 119 204
GB  United Kingdom 53,079 53,612 1,304,745 1,198,346 196,158 135,239
GD  Grenada 3 0 61 0 0 0
GE  Georgia 120 132 4,022 4,508 152 113
GH  Ghana 12 0 1,687 0 946 0
GM  Gambia 0 0 195 0 0 0
GN  Guinea 69 52 5,735 5,045 918 1,003
GQ  Equatorial Guinea 0 0 138 187 0 1
GR  Greece 1,129 1,387 0 0 10,773 11,758
GT  Guatemala 18 15 0 0 7 83
GW  Guinea-Bissau 17 0 663 426 51 51
GY  Guyana 0 40 0 0 0 1
HK  Hong Kong 2,131 3,261 138,473 138,639 28,238 27,295
HN  Honduras 0 2 1,985 2,950 0 0
HR  Croatia 248 303 27,015 30,734 3,392 5,867
HU  Hungary 1,299 1,463 65,830 69,896 7,047 5,132
ID  Indonesia 1,358 1,445 86,154 97,003 2,372 3,123
IE  Ireland 7,065 7,058 0 0 17,545 15,625
IL  Israel 16,223 17,341 44,043 44,091 12,969 10,163
IN  India 37,895 43,133 418,661 476,394 11,849 19,763
IQ  Iraq 646 0 1,438 2,423 0 0
IR  Iran 11,550 0 528,311 0 14,948 0
IS  Iceland 286 371 6,097 6,133 12 38
IT  Italy 32,551 34,175 1,173,392 1,237,728 317,528 350,434
JM  Jamaica 11 23 3,301 2,936 211 94
JO  Jordan 75 53 5,707 0 534 321
JP  Japan 423,264 412,856 632,962 553,487 107,809 94,370
KE  Kenya 424 0 6,119 0 223 0
KG  Kyrgyzstan 127 120 794 833 881 30
KH  Cambodia 11 0 0 0 19 0
KM  Comoros 0 0 314 138 0 0
KP  North Korea 6,949 0 0 0 0 0
KR  South Korea 260,614 267,517 430,411 470,649 134,112 116,680
KZ  Kazakhstan 1,548 0 13,843 17,115 0 283
LI  Liechtenstein 1,416 1,482 17,466 15,275 2,970 3,215
LK  Sri Lanka 412 328 0 7,688 459 227
LS  Lesotho 0 0 85 0 0 0
LT  Lithuania 325 477 44,482 62,972 4,300 5,327
LU  Luxembourg 2,686 2,695 107,873 97,822 13,251 8,992
LV  Latvia 231 281 20,876 27,726 4,030 2,504
MA  Morocco 340 399 26,841 106,395 3,061 3,924
MC  Monaco 155 137 18,984 15,369 851 431
MD  Moldova 132 75 6,052 6,210 426 749
ME  Montenegro 21 0 397 0 1 0
MG  Madagascar 9 6 2,857 3,267 235 328
MK  North Macedonia 91 73 0 4,612 314 172
ML  Mali 73 194 3,567 5,760 206 206
MN  Mongolia 70 113 13,661 19,485 621 1,391
MO  Macau 35 163 3,288 3,660 1,239 245
MR  Mauritania 20 36 1,813 2,466 0 0
MT  Malta 428 407 57,535 78,938 6,822 13,822
MU  Mauritius 116 165 9,276 8,462 105 60
MX  Mexico 2,102 1,993 140,387 165,552 1,944 1,756
MY  Malaysia 1,923 1,862 29,689 0 1,224 721
MZ  Mozambique 26 30 1,833 1,587 42 40
NA  Namibia 0 0 524 0 134 0
NE  Niger 136 68 1,581 815 17 0
NG  Nigeria 423 0 0 0 1,124 0
NL  Netherlands 32,812 32,770 580,068 608,684 107,954 97,765
NO  Norway 5,982 5,841 63,252 94,038 9,182 8,501
NZ  New Zealand 2,377 2,679 50,817 55,269 6,262 5,992
OM  Oman 0 582 9,288 0 21 17
PA  Panama 82 70 14,300 12,379 116 197
PE  Peru 218 160 29,213 32,315 95 98
PG  Papua New Guinea 0 0 228 0 3 0
PH  Philippines 630 695 34,490 37,587 775 720
PK  Pakistan 376 490 38,920 44,436 373 485
PL  Poland 6,334 5,916 385,769 500,357 136,327 158,341
PT  Portugal 1,874 1,985 144,406 168,602 22,361 24,697
PY  Paraguay 16 0 12,715 0 31 0
QA  Qatar 210 121 5,826 10,604 0 0
RO  Romania 1,157 1,114 109,205 130,824 10,644 9,686
RS  Serbia 236 270 12,934 16,598 1,060 933
RU  Russia 30,283 25,881 425,641 418,776 12,379 11,772
RW  Rwanda 0 0 451 0 6 0
SA  Saudi Arabia 9,782 4,865 25,126 31,880 648 1,096
SC  Seychelles 53 0 4,359 0 64 0
SD  Sudan 163 0 1,469 0 244 0
SE  Sweden 26,221 27,802 349,040 399,777 55,089 48,800
SG  Singapore 7,946 9,764 78,049 103,961 8,224 15,300
SK  Slovakia 569 411 49,455 62,063 5,833 6,497
SL  Sierra Leone 0 0 216 0 0 4
SM  San Marino 37 58 0 0 587 486
SN  Senegal 239 606 9,247 12,560 561 425
SR  Suriname 0 0 377 529 0 0
ST  São Tomé and Príncipe 0 0 207 4 0 0
SV  El Salvador 6 2 3,609 5,608 9 16
SY  Syria 82 0 11,322 14,274 449 233
TD  Chad 51 51 529 163 663 119
TG  Togo 85 81 4,075 6,982 102 85
TH  Thailand 1,512 1,547 44,580 43,361 5,304 4,764
TJ  Tajikistan 32 0 720 0 0 0
TR  Turkey 10,110 10,868 424,828 504,773 62,469 78,801
TT  Trinidad and Tobago 4 15 1,136 955 16 60
TV  Tuvalu 0 0 19 0 0 0
TZ  Tanzania 0 0 2,101 0 0 0
UA  Ukraine 1,710 1,704 59,923 64,755 5,597 6,149
UG  Uganda 18 0 1,593 0 48 0
US  United States 496,123 509,864 1,875,363 2,167,052 393,728 392,236
UY  Uruguay 0 0 6,784 9,052 0 0
UZ  Uzbekistan 379 428 8,494 10,948 152 240
VC  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 0 634 386 0 0
VE  Venezuela 0 0 8,225 10,194 0 0
VN  Vietnam 1,133 1,205 83,282 86,104 2,590 2,561
WS  Samoa 34 17 738 864 20 0
YE  Yemen 63 22 5,055 5,579 59 79
ZA  South Africa 1,457 2,751 35,323 36,769 2,779 1,614
ZM  Zambia 21 0 2,058 0 124 0

Patents, trademarks, and industrial design (PCT) applications by Organizations

Top PCT patent applicants 2019 and 2020

The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) is an international patent law treaty, concluded in 1970. It provides a unified procedure for filing patent applications to protect inventions in each of its contracting states. A patent application filed under the PCT is called an international application, or PCT application.

Top PCT patent applicants 2019 and 2020[13][14][15]
Appplicants Country 2020 Rank 2020 PCT applications 2019 Rank 2019 PCT applications
Huawei  China 1 5464 1 4411
Samsung Electronics  South Korea 2 3093 3 2334
Mitsubishi Electric  Japan 3 2810 2 2661
LG Electronics  South Korea 4 2759 10 1646
Qualcomm  U.S. 5 2173 4 2127
Ericsson  Sweden 6 1989 7 1698
BOE Technology  China 7 1892 6 1864
Oppo  China 8 1801 5 1927
Sony  Japan 9 1793 13 1566
Panasonic  Japan 10 1611 12 1567

Top Madrid trademark applicants (2020 and 2019)

The Madrid System for the International Registration of Marks is a protocol to protect trademarks worldwide, in over 120 countries.[16][17] The Madrid System has a centralized trademark registration system through a single application, in one language and with one set of fees (in one currency, the Swiss franc), protection can be obtained in member states and intergovernmental organizations.[18][19] International registrations can then be modified, renewed or expanded, centrally through WIPO (rather than through each separate IP Office).[20] The Madrid System can only be used by a natural person or a legal entity, which is a national, is domiciled or has a company in the territory of a member of the Madrid System.

Top Madrid trademark applicants (2020 and 2019)[21][14][15]
Applicant Rank 2020 Madrid applications in 2020 Rank 2019 Madrid applications in 2019
Novartis 1 233 3 129
Huawei 2 197 2 164
Shiseido 3 130 9 70
Adp Gauselmann 4 123 19 39
L'Oreal 5 115 1 193
Nintendo 6 90 26 32
Euro Games Technology 7 84 14 48
Apple 8 80 4 104
Syngenta 9 78 27 30
RIGO Trading SA 10 70 5 102

Hague top applicants in 2020 and 2019

The Hague System for the International Registration of Industrial Designs[22] provides an international mechanism that secures protection of up to 100 designs[22][23] in multiple countries or regions, through a single international application. International design applications are filed directly through WIPO.[24] The domestic legal framework of each designated contracting party governs the design protection provided by the resulting international registrations.[25] The Hague System does not require the applicant to file a national or regional design application.[26]

Hague top applicants in 2020 and 2019[15]
Applicant Rank 2020 Hague applications 2020 Rank 2019 Hague applications 2019
LG Electronics 1 446 1 449
Xiaomi 2 216 3111
Samsung 3 170 2166
Hyundai 4 141 757
Philips 5 95 485
Volkswagen 6 84 573
Hermès 7 68 1527
Daimler 8 65 10 42
Proctor & Gamble 9 57 6 65
Kärcher 10 47 12 35

Controversies

Taiwanese patents

Since Taiwan (ROC) is not a member of the United Nations, the number of patents filed in Taiwan is not reported. The number of patent applications filed with the Taiwan Intellectual Property Office (TIPO) in 2018 was 73,431,[27] which would place it in 6th place worldwide for that year, or 2nd place per capita. In 2014, Bloomberg ranked Taiwan #1 in Patent Activity, using UN data.[28][29] The last WIPO Indicators report to mention the name Taiwan was in 2017, noting the large number of patents by Foxconn.[30][31][32][33]

China has been criticized for its efforts in the UN to reduce the visibility of Taiwan,[34][35] including via WIPO; in 2020 Beijing reportedly retaliated to the failed election of a Chinese director-general of the organization by preventing the Wikimedia Foundation from gaining observer status at the WIPO, on the grounds that Wikimedia has a Taiwan subsidiary.[36][37][38]

References
  1. "World Intellectual Property Indicators". www.wipo.int.
  2. "WIPO IP Statistics Data Center". www3.wipo.int. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
  3. "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2021" (PDF). World Intellectual Property Organization. Retrieved 28 April 2022. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
  4. Office, European Patent. "PATSTAT. Worldwide Patent Statistical Database". www.epo.org. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  5. "Intellectual Property Statistics". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  6. "Publications: WIPO IP Facts and Figures". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  7. "Statistical Country Profiles". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  8. "Publications: PCT Yearly Review". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  9. "Publications: Madrid Yearly Review". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  10. "Publications: Hague Yearly Review". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  11. "About WIPO's IP Statistics". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
  12. World Intellectual Property Organization. "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2021". www.wipo.int. doi:10.34667/tind.44461. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  13. World Intellectual Property Organization. "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2020". www.wipo.int. doi:10.34667/tind.42184. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  14. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2019". www.wipo.int. doi:10.34667/tind.40353. Retrieved 2021-08-26.
  15. "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2019" (PDF). WIPO. World Intellectual Property Organization.
  16. "Madrid System". International Trademark Association. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
  17. "WIPO | Madrid – The International Trademark System". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
  18. "International trademarks: Is the Madrid System right for you? | Novagraaf". www.novagraaf.com. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
  19. Australia, I. P. (2016-03-18). "Getting an international trade mark". www.ipaustralia.gov.au. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
  20. The Madrid Protocol (PDF). ARISE+ ASEAN Intellectual Property Rights.
  21. World Intellectual Property Organization (2020). World Intellectual Property Indicators 2020. doi:10.34667/tind.42184. ISBN 9789280532012. Retrieved 2021-08-26. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  22. "Hague – The International Design System". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
  23. Hartwig, Henning (2021-05-18). Research Handbook on Design Law. Edward Elgar. ISBN 978-1-78195-588-8.
  24. "WIPO Lex". wipolex.wipo.int. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
  25. "Hague System Member Profiles". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
  26. "WIPO Lex". wipolex.wipo.int. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
  27. "TIPO Statistics Report: Patent and Trademark Applications in 2018". Taiwan Intellectual Property Office. 18 March 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  28. Lu, Wei; Chan, Marcus (6 August 2017). "In Global Innovation Race, Taiwan Is Tops in Patents, Israel Leads in R&D - Bloomberg". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 2017-08-06. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  29. "MOST INNOVATIVE IN THE WORLD 2014: COUNTRIES" (PDF). Bloomberg. 13 March 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-13.
  30. "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2017" (PDF). WIPO. World Intellectual Property Organization.
  31. "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2018" (PDF). WIPO. World Intellectual Property Organization.
  32. "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2019" (PDF). WIPO. World Intellectual Property Organization.
  33. "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2020" (PDF). WIPO. World Intellectual Property Organization.
  34. Horton, Chris (8 May 2017). "Blocked by China, Taiwan Presses to Join U.N. Agency's Meeting". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  35. Lee, Kristine. "It's Not Just the WHO: How China Is Moving on the Whole U.N." POLITICO. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  36. Glosserman, Brad (9 March 2020). "China loses a skirmish in fight for global influence". The Japan Times. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  37. Hui, Mary (25 September 2020). "Beijing blocked Wikimedia from a UN agency because of "Taiwan-related issues"". Quartz. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  38. Magnier, Mark (30 September 2020). "Beijing blocks Wikipedia from UN agency to resist 'Western values': analysts". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
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