Ensifer numidicus

Ensifer numidicus is a nitrogen fixing symiont of Fabaceae.[1] gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium of the family Rhizobiaceae.[2] First described in 2010;[1] more biovars have since been isolated and described[3] with ORS 1407 considered the representative organism.[4] Most examples have been found in arid and infra-arid regions of Tunisia.[5]

Ensifer numidicus
Rhizobia nodules attached to roots of Vigna unguiculata
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Pseudomonadota
Class: Alphaproteobacteria
Order: Hyphomicrobiales
Family: Rhizobiaceae
Genus: Ensifer
Species:
E. numidicus
Binomial name
Ensifer numidicus
Merabet et al. 2010
Type strain
ORS 1444, ORS1410, ORS 1407, LMG 24690,CIP 109850, PN14, LBi2

Host plants

Biovars has been shown to induce nodule formation in a wide variety of symbiosis competent plant species including Medicago Sativa(cultivated alfalfa)[6], Lotus creticus[3], Syrian mesquite(Prosopis farcta),[7] Lens culinaris Medikus ssp(lentils)[3][8] as well as Cicer arietinum(chickpea)[3] and Argyrolobium uniflorum.[1]

Associated Biovars

Argyrolobium uniflorum: ORS 1407[1]

cultivated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) :ORS 1407[1]

Lotus creticus: PT26[7], ORS 1410[3]

Cultivated lentils(Lens culinaris): ORS 1444[3]

Cicer arietinum(chickpea):LBi2[3]

Syrian mesquite(Prosopis farcta):PN14[7]

Known relationships between cultivars

numidicus
 

ORS 1407

 
 
 

ORS 1444

 
 
 
 

ORS 1410

 
 
 
 
 

This phylogeny is based on a constrained analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA[1]

Genome

16s RNA analysis has found Ensifer numidicus to be closely related to Ensifer medicae and Ensifer garamanticus.[3] Analogous genes between closely related species suggests high levels of horizontal gene transfer between closely related species.[3] Laboratory inoculation has shown Ensifer numidicus engages in indeterminate nodulation with host plants in at least some circumstances.[9]

Growth conditions

E. numidicus has been found to grow on yeast-mannitol medium at 28C with an upper limit of 40C.[1] Laboratory cultivated strains have found metabolism of at least 13 substrates including dulcitol, D-lyxose, 1-O-methyl a-D-glucopyranoside, 3-O-methyl-D-glucopyranose, D-gluconate, L-histidine, succinate, fumarate, ethanolamine, DL-b-hydroxybutyrate, L-aspartate, L-alanine and propionate.[1] Sensitivity has been found to salt concentrations greater than 4%.[3] Due to similarities to other Ensifer species, it cannot be described by growth conditions alone and must be differentiated by genetic components.[3]

References
  1. Merabet, C.; Martens, M.; Mahdhi, M.; Zakhia, F.; Sy, A.; Le Roux, C.; Domergue, O.; Coopman, R.; Bekki, A.; Mars, M.; Willems, A. (March 2010). "Multilocus sequence analysis of root nodule isolates from Lotus arabicus (Senegal), Lotus creticus, Argyrolobium uniflorum and Medicago sativa (Tunisia) and description of Ensifer numidicus sp. nov. and Ensifer garamanticus sp. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 60 (Pt 3): 664–674. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.012088-0. hdl:1854/LU-936490. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 19656922.
  2. Podstawka, Adam. "Ensifer numidicus | Type strain | LMG 24690, CIP 109850, ORS 1407 | BacDiveID:133535". bacdive.dsmz.de. Retrieved 2021-09-02.
  3. Sami, Dhaoui; Mokhtar, Rejili; Peter, Mergaert; Mohamed, Mars (2016). "Rhizobium leguminosarum symbiovar trifolii, Ensifer numidicus and Mesorhizobium amorphae symbiovar ciceri (or Mesorhizobium loti) are new endosymbiotic bacteria of Lens culinaris Medik". FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 92 (8): undefined. doi:10.1093/femsec/fiw118. PMID 27267929.
  4. Parker, Charles Thomas; Taylor, Dorothea; Garrity, George M. (2010). Parker, Charles Thomas; Garrity, George M (eds.). "Strain ORS 1407 (=LMG 24690 =CIP 109850) : Microbial Characteristics and Genomic Information". doi:10.1601/ex.17831. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. Bessadok, Khouloud; Navarro-Torre, Salvadora; Fterich, Amira; Caviedes, Miguel Angel; Pajuelo, Eloisa; Rodríguez-Llorente, Ignacio David; Mars, Mohamed (2021-05-01). "Diversity of rhizobia isolated from Tunisian arid soils capable of forming nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with Anthyllis henoniana". Journal of Arid Environments. 188: 104467. Bibcode:2021JArEn.188j4467B. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2021.104467. ISSN 0140-1963. S2CID 233567533.
  6. Merabet, Chahinez; Martens, Miet; Mahdi, M.; Zakhia, Frederic; Sy, A.; Le Roux, C.; Domergue, O.; Coopman, Renata; Bekki, A.; Mars, M.; Willems, Anne (2010). "Multilocus sequence analysis of root nodule isolates from Lotus arabicus (Senegal), Lotus creticus, Argyrolobium uniflorum and Medicago sativa (Tunisia) and description of Ensifer numidicus sp nov and Ensifer garamanticus sp nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 60 (3): 664–674. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.012088-0. hdl:1854/LU-936490. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 19656922.
  7. Fterich, A.; Mahdhi, M.; Caviedes, M. A.; Pajuelo, E.; Rivas, R.; Rodriguez-Llorente, I. D.; Mars, M. (2011-06-01). "Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria associated to Prosopis farcta growing in the arid regions of Tunisia". Archives of Microbiology. 193 (6): 385–397. doi:10.1007/s00203-011-0683-z. ISSN 1432-072X. PMID 21359955. S2CID 24398589.
  8. "Taxonomic and symbiotic diversity of bacteria isolated from nodules of Acacia tortilis subsp. raddiana in arid soils of Tunisia". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2021-09-02.
  9. Cordero, Irene; Ruiz-Díez, Beatriz; Coba de la Peña, Teodoro; Balaguer, Luis; Lucas, M. Mercedes; Rincón, Ana; Pueyo, José J. (2016-05-01). "Rhizobial diversity, symbiotic effectiveness and structure of nodules of Vachellia macracantha". Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 96: 39–54. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.01.011. ISSN 0038-0717.
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