List of human cell types derived from the germ layers
This is a list of cells in humans derived from the three embryonic germ layers – ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
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Cells derived from ectoderm
Skin
Anterior pituitary
Tooth enamel
Peripheral nervous system
Neuroendocrine system
- Chromaffin cell
- Glomus cell
Teeth
Eyes
Central nervous system
- Neuron
- Glia
- Astrocyte
- Ependymocytes
- Muller glia (retina)
- Oligodendrocyte
- Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell
- Pituicyte (posterior pituitary)
Pineal gland
Cells derived from mesoderm
Osteochondroprogenitor cell
- Bone (Osteoblast → Osteocyte)
- Cartilage (Chondroblast → Chondrocyte)
Myofibroblast
- Fat
- Lipoblast → Adipocyte
- Muscle
- Other
Other
- Digestive system
- Interstitial cell of Cajal
Renal stem cell
Reproductive system
- Sertoli cell
- Leydig cell
- Granulosa cell
- Peg cell
- germ cells (which migrate here primordially)
Hematopoietic stem cell
- Lymphoid
- Lymphoblast
- see lymphocytes
- Myeloid
- CFU-GEMM
- see myeloid cells
Circulatory system
- Endothelial progenitor cell
- Endothelial colony forming cell
- Endothelial stem cell
- Angioblast/Mesoangioblast
- Pericyte
- Mural cell
Cells derived from endoderm
Respiratory system
Stomach
- Enteroendocrine cell
- G cell
- Delta cell
- Enterochromaffin-like cell
- Gastric chief cell
- Parietal cell
- Foveolar cell
Intestine
- Enteroendocrine cell
- Goblet cell
- Paneth cell
- Tuft cell
- Enterocyte
Gallbladder
Exocrine component of pancreas
- Centroacinar cell
- Pancreatic stellate cell
Islets of Langerhans
- alpha cell
- beta cell
- delta cell
- PP cell (F cell, gamma cell)
- epsilon cell
Pharyngeal pouch
Hindgut/cloaca
References
- Hockman, Dorit; Burns, Alan J; Schlosser, Gerhard; Gates, Keith P; Jevans, Benjamin; Mongera, Alessandro; Fisher, Shannon; Unlu, Gokhan; Knapik, Ela W; Kaufman, Charles K; Mosimann, Christian; Zon, Leonard I; Lancman, Joseph J; Dong, P Duc S; Lickert, Heiko; Tucker, Abigail S; Baker, Clare V H (2017). "Evolution of the hypoxia-sensitive cells involved in amniote respiratory reflexes". eLife. 6: e21231. doi:10.7554/eLife.21231. PMC 5438250. PMID 28387645.
- Nilsson M, Williams D (July 2016). "On the Origin of Cells and Derivation of Thyroid Cancer: C Cell Story Revisited". European Thyroid Journal. 5 (2): 79–93. doi:10.1159/000447333. PMC 4949372. PMID 27493881.
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