Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin

Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (symbol α1AC,[5] A1AC, or a1ACT) is an alpha globulin glycoprotein that is a member of the serpin superfamily. In humans, it is encoded by the SERPINA3 gene.

SERPINA3
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesSERPINA3, AACT, ACT, GIG24, GIG25, serpin family A member 3
External IDsOMIM: 107280 MGI: 98377 HomoloGene: 111129 GeneCards: SERPINA3
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

12

20714

Ensembl

ENSG00000196136

ENSMUSG00000058207

UniProt

P01011

P07759

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001085

NM_011458

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001076

NP_035588

Location (UCSC)Chr 14: 94.61 – 94.62 MbChr 12: 104.3 – 104.31 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin inhibits the activity of certain enzymes called proteases, such as cathepsin G that is found in neutrophils, and chymases found in mast cells, by cleaving them into a different shape or conformation. This activity protects some tissues, such as the lower respiratory tract, from damage caused by proteolytic enzymes.[6]

This protein is produced in the liver, and is an acute phase protein that is induced during inflammation.

Clinical significance

Deficiency of this protein has been associated with liver disease. Mutations have been identified in patients with Parkinson disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.[7]

Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin is also associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease as it enhances the formation of amyloid-fibrils in this disease.[6]

Interactions

Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin has been shown to interact with DNAJC1.[8]

See also
  • Alpha-1 antitrypsin, another serpin that is analogous for protecting the body from excessive effects of its own inflammatory proteases

References
  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000196136 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000058207 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Logan, Carolynn M.; Rice, M. Katherine (1987). Logan's Medical and Scientific Abbreviations. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company. p. 3. ISBN 0-397-54589-4.
  6. Kalsheker N (1996). "Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin". Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 28 (9): 961–4. doi:10.1016/1357-2725(96)00032-5. PMID 8930118. S2CID 11230631.
  7. "Entrez Gene: SERPINA3 serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 3".
  8. Kroczynska B, Evangelista CM, Samant SS, Elguindi EC, Blond SY (March 2004). "The SANT2 domain of the murine tumor cell DnaJ-like protein 1 human homologue interacts with alpha1-antichymotrypsin and kinetically interferes with its serpin inhibitory activity". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (12): 11432–43. doi:10.1074/jbc.M310903200. PMC 1553221. PMID 14668352.

Further reading
  • The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: I04.002
  • Alpha+1-antichymotrypsin at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
  • Human SERPINA3 genome location and SERPINA3 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
  • Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P01011 (Human Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin) at the PDBe-KB.


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