δύω

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation
 

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *dew-. Cognates include Sanskrit उपादुत्य (upādútya).

Verb

δύω • (dúō)

  1. to cause to sink, to plunge
  2. to get into, to enter
Inflection
   Present: δῠ́ω, δῠ́ομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δῠ́ω δῠ́εις δῠ́ει δῠ́ετον δῠ́ετον δῠ́ομεν δῠ́ετε δῠ́ουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive δῠ́ω δῠ́ῃς δῠ́ῃ δῠ́ητον δῠ́ητον δῠ́ωμεν δῠ́ητε δῠ́ωσῐ(ν)
optative δῠ́οιμῐ δῠ́οις δῠ́οι δῠ́οιτον δῠοίτην δῠ́οιμεν δῠ́οιτε δῠ́οιεν
imperative   δῠ́ε δῠέτω δῠ́ετον δῠέτων   δῠ́ετε δῠόντων
middle/
passive		 indicative δῠ́ομαι δῠ́ῃ,
δῠ́ει		 δῠ́εται δῠ́εσθον δῠ́εσθον δῠόμεθᾰ δῠ́εσθε δῠ́ονται
subjunctive δῠ́ωμαι δῠ́ῃ δῠ́ηται δῠ́ησθον δῠ́ησθον δῠώμεθᾰ δῠ́ησθε δῠ́ωνται
optative δῠοίμην δῠ́οιο δῠ́οιτο δῠ́οισθον δῠοίσθην δῠοίμεθᾰ δῠ́οισθε δῠ́οιντο
imperative   δῠ́ου δῠέσθω δῠ́εσθον δῠέσθων   δῠ́εσθε δῠέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive δῠ́ειν δῠ́εσθαι
participle m δῠ́ων δῠόμενος
f δῠ́ουσᾰ δῠομένη
n δῠ́ον δῠόμενον
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Present: δῡ́νω, δῡ́νομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δῡ́νω δῡ́νεις δῡ́νει δῡ́νετον δῡ́νετον δῡ́νομεν δῡ́νετε δῡ́νουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive δῡ́νω δῡ́νῃς δῡ́νῃ δῡ́νητον δῡ́νητον δῡ́νωμεν δῡ́νητε δῡ́νωσῐ(ν)
optative δῡ́νοιμῐ δῡ́νοις δῡ́νοι δῡ́νοιτον δῡνοίτην δῡ́νοιμεν δῡ́νοιτε δῡ́νοιεν
imperative   δῦνε δῡνέτω δῡ́νετον δῡνέτων   δῡ́νετε δῡνόντων
middle/
passive		 indicative δῡ́νομαι δῡ́νῃ,
δῡ́νει		 δῡ́νεται δῡ́νεσθον δῡ́νεσθον δῡνόμεθᾰ δῡ́νεσθε δῡ́νονται
subjunctive δῡ́νωμαι δῡ́νῃ δῡ́νηται δῡ́νησθον δῡ́νησθον δῡνώμεθᾰ δῡ́νησθε δῡ́νωνται
optative δῡνοίμην δῡ́νοιο δῡ́νοιτο δῡ́νοισθον δῡνοίσθην δῡνοίμεθᾰ δῡ́νοισθε δῡ́νοιντο
imperative   δῡ́νου δῡνέσθω δῡ́νεσθον δῡνέσθων   δῡ́νεσθε δῡνέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive δῡ́νειν δῡ́νεσθαι
participle m δῡ́νων δῡνόμενος
f δῡ́νουσᾰ δῡνομένη
n δῦνον δῡνόμενον
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔδῡνον, ἐδῡνόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔδῡνον ἔδῡνες ἔδῡνε(ν) ἐδῡ́νετον ἐδῡνέτην ἐδῡ́νομεν ἐδῡ́νετε ἔδῡνον
middle/
passive		 indicative ἐδῡνόμην ἐδῡ́νου ἐδῡ́νετο ἐδῡ́νεσθον ἐδῡνέσθην ἐδῡνόμεθᾰ ἐδῡ́νεσθε ἐδῡ́νοντο
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἐδῠόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive		 indicative ἐδῠόμην ἐδῠ́ου ἐδῠ́ετο ἐδῠ́εσθον ἐδῠέσθην ἐδῠόμεθᾰ ἐδῠ́εσθε ἐδῠ́οντο
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: δῦνον, δῡνόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δῦνον δῦνες δῦνε(ν) δῡ́νετον δῡνέτην δῡ́νομεν δῡ́νετε δῦνον
middle/
passive		 indicative δῡνόμην δῡ́νου δῡ́νετο δῡ́νεσθον δῡνέσθην δῡνόμε(σ)θᾰ δῡ́νεσθε δῡ́νοντο
Notes: Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: δῠ́σκον, δῠσκόμην (iterative, Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δῠ́σκον δῠ́σκες δῠ́σκε(ν) δῠ́σκετον δῠσκέτην δῠ́σκομεν δῠ́σκετε δῠ́σκον
middle/
passive		 indicative δῠσκόμην δῠ́σκου δῠ́σκετο δῠ́σκεσθον δῠσκέσθην δῠσκόμε(σ)θᾰ δῠ́σκεσθε δῠ́σκοντο
Notes: Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: δῡ́σομαι, δῠθήσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative δῡ́σομαι δῡ́σῃ,
δῡ́σει		 δῡ́σεται δῡ́σεσθον δῡ́σεσθον δῡσόμεθᾰ δῡ́σεσθε δῡ́σονται
optative δῡσοίμην δῡ́σοιο δῡ́σοιτο δῡ́σοισθον δῡσοίσθην δῡσοίμεθᾰ δῡ́σοισθε δῡ́σοιντο
passive indicative δῠθήσομαι δῠθήσῃ δῠθήσεται δῠθήσεσθον δῠθήσεσθον δῠθησόμεθᾰ δῠθήσεσθε δῠθήσονται
optative δῠθησοίμην δῠθήσοιο δῠθήσοιτο δῠθήσοισθον δῠθησοίσθην δῠθησοίμεθᾰ δῠθήσοισθε δῠθήσοιντο
middle passive
infinitive δῡ́σεσθαι δῠθήσεσθαι
participle m δῡσόμενος δῠθησόμενος
f δῡσομένη δῠθησομένη
n δῡσόμενον δῠθησόμενον
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔδῡνᾰ, ἐδῡνᾰ́μην (Koine)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔδῡνᾰ ἔδῡνᾰς ἔδῡνε(ν) ἐδῡ́νᾰτον ἐδῡνᾰ́την ἐδῡ́νᾰμεν ἐδῡ́νᾰτε ἔδῡνᾰν
subjunctive δῡ́νω δῡ́νῃς δῡ́νῃ δῡ́νητον δῡ́νητον δῡ́νωμεν δῡ́νητε δῡ́νωσῐ(ν)
optative δῡ́ναιμῐ δῡ́νειᾰς,
δῡ́ναις		 δῡ́νειε(ν),
δῡ́ναι		 δῡ́ναιτον δῡναίτην δῡ́ναιμεν δῡ́ναιτε δῡ́νειᾰν,
δῡ́ναιεν
imperative   δῦνον δῡνᾰ́τω δῡ́νᾰτον δῡνᾰ́των   δῡ́νᾰτε δῡνᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐδῡνᾰ́μην ἐδῡ́νω ἐδῡ́νᾰτο ἐδῡ́νᾰσθον ἐδῡνᾰ́σθην ἐδῡνᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐδῡ́νᾰσθε ἐδῡ́νᾰντο
subjunctive δῡ́νωμαι δῡ́νῃ δῡ́νηται δῡ́νησθον δῡ́νησθον δῡνώμεθᾰ δῡ́νησθε δῡ́νωνται
optative δῡναίμην δῡ́ναιο δῡ́ναιτο δῡ́ναισθον δῡναίσθην δῡναίμεθᾰ δῡ́ναισθε δῡ́ναιντο
imperative   δῦναι δῡνᾰ́σθω δῡ́νᾰσθον δῡνᾰ́σθων   δῡ́νᾰσθε δῡνᾰ́σθων
active middle
infinitive δῦναι δῡ́νᾰσθαι
participle m δῡ́νᾱς δῡνᾰ́μενος
f δῡ́νᾱσᾰ δῡνᾰμένη
n δῦνᾰν δῡνᾰ́μενον
Notes: Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἐδῡσᾰ́μην, ἐδῠ́θην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative ἐδῡσᾰ́μην ἐδῡ́σω ἐδῡ́σᾰτο ἐδῡ́σᾰσθον ἐδῡσᾰ́σθην ἐδῡσᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐδῡ́σᾰσθε ἐδῡ́σᾰντο
subjunctive δῡ́σωμαι δῡ́σῃ δῡ́σηται δῡ́σησθον δῡ́σησθον δῡσώμεθᾰ δῡ́σησθε δῡ́σωνται
optative δῡσαίμην δῡ́σαιο δῡ́σαιτο δῡ́σαισθον δῡσαίσθην δῡσαίμεθᾰ δῡ́σαισθε δῡ́σαιντο
imperative   δῦσαι δῡσᾰ́σθω δῡ́σᾰσθον δῡσᾰ́σθων   δῡ́σᾰσθε δῡσᾰ́σθων
passive indicative ἐδῠ́θην ἐδῠ́θης ἐδῠ́θη ἐδῠ́θητον ἐδῠθήτην ἐδῠ́θημεν ἐδῠ́θητε ἐδῠ́θησᾰν
subjunctive δῠθῶ δῠθῇς δῠθῇ δῠθῆτον δῠθῆτον δῠθῶμεν δῠθῆτε δῠθῶσῐ(ν)
optative δῠθείην δῠθείης δῠθείη δῠθεῖτον,
δῠθείητον		 δῠθείτην,
δῠθειήτην		 δῠθεῖμεν,
δῠθείημεν		 δῠθεῖτε,
δῠθείητε		 δῠθεῖεν,
δῠθείησᾰν
imperative   δῠ́θητῐ δῠθήτω δῠ́θητον δῠθήτων   δῠ́θητε δῠθέντων
middle passive
infinitive δῡ́σᾰσθαι δῠθῆναι
participle m δῡσᾰ́μενος δῠθείς
f δῡσᾰμένη δῠθεῖσᾰ
n δῡσᾰ́μενον δῠθέν
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἐδῡσόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative ἐδῡσόμην ἐδῡ́σεο ἐδῡ́σετο ἐδῡ́σεσθον ἐδῡσέσθην ἐδῡσόμε(σ)θᾰ ἐδῡ́σεσθε ἐδῡ́σοντο
subjunctive δῡ́σωμαι,
δῡσώμαιμῐ		 δῡ́σηαι,
δῡ́σηαι		 δῡ́σηται,
δῡσήταισῐ		 δῡ́σησθον δῡ́σησθον δῡσώμε(σ)θᾰ δῡ́σησθε δῡ́σωνται
optative δῡσοίμην δῡ́σοιο δῡ́σοιτο δῡ́σοισθον δῡσοίσθην δῡσοίμε(σ)θᾰ δῡ́σοισθε δῡσοίᾰτο
imperative   δῡ́σεο δῡσέσθω δῡ́σεσθον δῡσέσθων   δῡ́σεσθε δῡσέσθων
middle
infinitive δῡσέσθαι
participle m δῡσόμενος
f δῡσομένη
n δῡσόμενον
Notes: Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: δῡσόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative δῡσόμην δῡ́σεο δῡ́σετο δῡ́σεσθον δῡσέσθην δῡσόμε(σ)θᾰ δῡ́σεσθε δῡ́σοντο
Notes: Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔδῡν (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔδῡν ἔδῡς ἔδῡ ἔδῡτον ἐδῡ́την ἔδῡμεν ἔδῡτε ἔδῡσᾰν
subjunctive δῠ́ω,
δῠ́ωμῐ		 δῠ́ῃς,
δῠ́ῃσθᾰ		 δῠ́ῃ,
δῠ́ῃσῐ		 δῠ́ητον δῠ́ητον δῠ́ωμεν δῠ́ωτε δῠ́ωσῐ(ν)
optative                
imperative   δῦθῐ δῡ́τω δῦτον δῡ́των   δῦτε δῡ́ντων
active
infinitive δῦναι,
δῡ́μεναι
participle m δῡ́ς
f δῦσᾰ
n δῠ́ν
Notes: Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: δῦν (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δῦν δῦς δῦ δῦτον δῡ́την δῦμεν δῦτε δῦσᾰν
Notes: Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: δέδῡκᾰ, δέδῠμαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δέδῡκᾰ δέδῡκᾰς δέδῡκε(ν) δεδῡ́κᾰτον δεδῡ́κᾰτον δεδῡ́κᾰμεν δεδῡ́κᾰτε δεδῡ́κᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive δεδῡ́κω δεδῡ́κῃς δεδῡ́κῃ δεδῡ́κητον δεδῡ́κητον δεδῡ́κωμεν δεδῡ́κητε δεδῡ́κωσῐ(ν)
optative δεδῡ́κοιμῐ,
δεδῡκοίην		 δεδῡ́κοις,
δεδῡκοίης		 δεδῡ́κοι,
δεδῡκοίη		 δεδῡ́κοιτον δεδῡκοίτην δεδῡ́κοιμεν δεδῡ́κοιτε δεδῡ́κοιεν
imperative   δέδῡκε δεδῡκέτω δεδῡ́κετον δεδῡκέτων   δεδῡ́κετε δεδῡκόντων
middle/
passive		 indicative δέδῠμαι δέδῠσαι δέδῠται δέδῠσθον δέδῠσθον δεδῠ́μεθᾰ δέδῠσθε δέδῠνται
subjunctive δεδῠμένος ὦ δεδῠμένος ᾖς δεδῠμένος ᾖ δεδῠμένω ἦτον δεδῠμένω ἦτον δεδῠμένοι ὦμεν δεδῠμένοι ἦτε δεδῠμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative δεδῠμένος εἴην δεδῠμένος εἴης δεδῠμένος εἴη δεδῠμένοι εἴητον/εἶτον δεδῠμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην δεδῠμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν δεδῠμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε δεδῠμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
imperative   δέδῠσο δεδῠ́σθω δέδῠσθον δεδῠ́σθων   δέδῠσθε δεδῠ́σθων
active middle/passive
infinitive δεδῡκέναι δεδῠ́σθαι
participle m δεδῡκώς δεδῠμένος
f δεδῡκυῖᾰ δεδῠμένη
n δεδῡκός δεδῠμένον
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
Alternative forms
  • δύνω (dúnō)
Derived terms

Numeral

δύω • (dúō)

  1. Alternative form of δύο (dúo)

Further reading

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek δύω.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈði.o]
Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: δύ‧ω
  • Homophone: δύο (dýo)

Verb

δύω • (dýo) (simple past έδυσα, passive —)

  1. set, go down (sun, stars, etc)
    Synonym: βασιλεύω (vasilévo)
    Antonym: ανατέλλω (anatéllo)
  2. (figuratively) decline
    Synonyms: φθίνω (fthíno), παρακμάζω (parakmázo)

Conjugation
δύω   (active forms only)
Active voice ➤
Indicative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect ➤ Perfective aspect ➤
Non-past tenses ➤ Present ➤ Dependent ➤
1 sg δύω δύσω
2 sg δύεις δύσεις
3 sg δύει δύσει
1 pl δύουμε, [‑ομε] δύσουμε, [‑ομε]
2 pl δύετε δύσετε
3 pl δύουν(ε) δύσουν(ε)
Past tenses ➤ Imperfect ➤ Simple past ➤
1 sg έδυα έδυσα
2 sg έδυες έδυσες
3 sg έδυε έδυσε
1 pl δύαμε δύσαμε
2 pl δύατε δύσατε
3 pl έδυαν, δύαν(ε) έδυσαν, δύσαν(ε)
Future tenses ➤ Continuous ➤ Simple ➤
1 sg θα δύω ➤ θα δύσω ➤
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl θα δύεις, … θα δύσεις, …
Perfect aspect ➤
Present perfect ➤   έχω, έχεις, … δύσει
Past perfect ➤   είχα, είχες, … δύσει
Future perfect ➤   θα έχω, θα έχεις, … δύσει
Subjunctive mood ➤ Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας).
Imperative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect Perfective aspect
2 sg δύε δύσε
2 pl δύετε δύστε
Other forms
Active present participle ➤   δύοντας ➤
Active perfect participle ➤   έχοντας δύσει ➤
Passive perfect particple ➤ —
Nonfinite form ➤   δύσει
Notes  
 
Appendix:Greek verbs		  • (…) optional or informal.   […] rare.   {…} learned, archaic.
 • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency.
 • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive.

And see their derivatives

Related words
  • αναδύομαι (anadýomai, “surface, emerge”)
  • ανάδυση f (anádysi, “surfacing”)
  • ανεπένδυτος (anepéndytos, “uninvested”)
  • αντιδυτικός (antidytikós, “antioccidental”)
  • απεκδύομαι (apekdýomai, “divest, renounce”)
  • αποδυτήριο n (apodytírio, “locker room, dressing room”) (sports)
  • αυτοδύτης m (aftodýtis)
  • διείσδυση f (dieísdysi, “penetrate”)
  • διεισδύω (dieisdýo, “penetration”)
  • δύση f (dýsi, “west; sunset”)
  • δύτης m (dýtis, “diver”)
  • δυτικός (dytikós, “western, occidental”)
  • εισδύω (eisdýo, “penetrate”)
  • εκδύω (ekdýo, “undress”) (formal)
  • ενδύω (endýo, “dress”) (formal)
  • ένδυση f (éndysi, “clothing”)
  • επενδύω (ependýo, “invest; coat”)
  • επένδυση f (epéndysi, “investment; coating”)
  • καταδύομαι (katadýomai, “dive”)
  • κατάδυση f (katádysi, “diving”)
  • λωποδύτης m (lopodýtis, “thief, crook”)
  • λωποδυσία f (lopodysía, “robbery, thievery”)
  • παρενδυσία f (parendysía, “transvestism”)
  • προς δυσμάς (pros dysmás, “westbound”)
  • ρακένδυτος (rakéndytos, “shabbily-clothed”)
  • τρωγλοδύτης m (troglodýtis, “dwelling in a cave”)
  • υποδύομαι (ypodýomai, “impersonate; play a role -of actors-”)

Also see → γδύνω (gdýno)

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