مال
Arabic
Etymology 1
Probably a univerbation of مَا (mā, “what”) + ل (l-, “to; belonging to”), as in مَا لِي (mā lī, “what belongs to me”). The root م و ل (m-w-l) then developed denominally. While this may seem like popular etymology, similar univerbations do exist in Arabic; compare particularly the dialectal verb جَاب (jāb).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /maːl/
Audio (file)
Noun
مَال • (māl) m (plural أَمْوَال (ʾamwāl))
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | مَال māl |
الْمَال al-māl |
مَال māl |
Nominative | مَالٌ mālun |
الْمَالُ al-mālu |
مَالُ mālu |
Accusative | مَالًا mālan |
الْمَالَ al-māla |
مَالَ māla |
Genitive | مَالٍ mālin |
الْمَالِ al-māli |
مَالِ māli |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | مَالَيْن mālayn |
الْمَالَيْن al-mālayn |
مَالَيْ mālay |
Nominative | مَالَانِ mālāni |
الْمَالَانِ al-mālāni |
مَالَا mālā |
Accusative | مَالَيْنِ mālayni |
الْمَالَيْنِ al-mālayni |
مَالَيْ mālay |
Genitive | مَالَيْنِ mālayni |
الْمَالَيْنِ al-mālayni |
مَالَيْ mālay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَمْوَال ʾamwāl |
الْأَمْوَال al-ʾamwāl |
أَمْوَال ʾamwāl |
Nominative | أَمْوَالٌ ʾamwālun |
الْأَمْوَالُ al-ʾamwālu |
أَمْوَالُ ʾamwālu |
Accusative | أَمْوَالًا ʾamwālan |
الْأَمْوَالَ al-ʾamwāla |
أَمْوَالَ ʾamwāla |
Genitive | أَمْوَالٍ ʾamwālin |
الْأَمْوَالِ al-ʾamwāli |
أَمْوَالِ ʾamwāli |
Descendants
References
- Bauer, Hans (1935), “Etymologica I”, in Zeitschrift für Semitistik und verwandte Gebiete (in German), volume 10, page 1
- Freytag, Georg (1837), “مال”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 221
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “مال”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 1168
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “مال”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen, page 983
- Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “مال”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1233
Etymology 2
From the root م ي ل (m-y-l).
Verb
مَالَ • (māla) I, non-past يَمِيلُ (yamīlu)
Conjugation
verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
mayl or mayalān or maylūla or tamyāl or mamāl or mamīl | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مَائِل māʾil | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mamīl | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | miltu |
milta |
مَالَ māla |
مِلْتُمَا miltumā |
mālā |
milnā |
miltum |
mālū | |||
f | milti |
mālat |
مَالَتَا mālatā |
miltunna |
milna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | ʾamīlu |
tamīlu |
yamīlu |
تَمِيلَانِ tamīlāni |
يَمِيلَانِ yamīlāni |
namīlu |
tamīlūna |
yamīlūna | |||
f | tamīlīna |
tamīlu |
تَمِيلَانِ tamīlāni |
tamilna |
yamilna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾamīla |
tamīla |
yamīla |
تَمِيلَا tamīlā |
يَمِيلَا yamīlā |
namīla |
tamīlū |
yamīlū | |||
f | tamīlī |
tamīla |
تَمِيلَا tamīlā |
tamilna |
yamilna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾamil |
tamil |
yamil |
تَمِيلَا tamīlā |
يَمِيلَا yamīlā |
namil |
tamīlū |
yamīlū | |||
f | tamīlī |
tamil |
تَمِيلَا tamīlā |
tamilna |
yamilna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | مِلْ mil |
مِيلَا mīlā |
mīlū |
||||||||
f | mīlī |
milna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | mīla |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | — | — | yumālu |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | yumāla |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | yumal |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
Verb
مَالَ • (māla) I, non-past يَمِيلُ (yamīlu)
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
muyūl | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مَائِل māʾil | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mamīl | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | miltu |
milta |
مَالَ māla |
مِلْتُمَا miltumā |
mālā |
milnā |
miltum |
mālū | |||
f | milti |
mālat |
مَالَتَا mālatā |
miltunna |
milna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | ʾamīlu |
tamīlu |
yamīlu |
تَمِيلَانِ tamīlāni |
يَمِيلَانِ yamīlāni |
namīlu |
tamīlūna |
yamīlūna | |||
f | tamīlīna |
tamīlu |
تَمِيلَانِ tamīlāni |
tamilna |
yamilna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾamīla |
tamīla |
yamīla |
تَمِيلَا tamīlā |
يَمِيلَا yamīlā |
namīla |
tamīlū |
yamīlū | |||
f | tamīlī |
tamīla |
تَمِيلَا tamīlā |
tamilna |
yamilna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾamil |
tamil |
yamil |
تَمِيلَا tamīlā |
يَمِيلَا yamīlā |
namil |
tamīlū |
yamīlū | |||
f | tamīlī |
tamil |
تَمِيلَا tamīlā |
tamilna |
yamilna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | مِلْ mil |
مِيلَا mīlā |
mīlū |
||||||||
f | mīlī |
milna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | miltu |
milta |
mīla |
مِلْتُمَا miltumā |
مِيلَا mīlā |
milnā |
miltum |
mīlū | |||
f | milti |
mīlat |
مِيلَتَا mīlatā |
miltunna |
milna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | ʾumālu |
tumālu |
yumālu |
تُمَالَانِ tumālāni |
يُمَالَانِ yumālāni |
numālu |
tumālūna |
yumālūna | |||
f | tumālīna |
tumālu |
تُمَالَانِ tumālāni |
tumalna |
yumalna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾumāla |
tumāla |
yumāla |
تُمَالَا tumālā |
يُمَالَا yumālā |
numāla |
tumālū |
yumālū | |||
f | tumālī |
tumāla |
تُمَالَا tumālā |
tumalna |
yumalna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾumal |
tumal |
yumal |
تُمَالَا tumālā |
يُمَالَا yumālā |
numal |
tumālū |
yumālū | |||
f | tumālī |
tumal |
تُمَالَا tumālā |
tumalna |
yumalna |
References
- Freytag, Georg (1837), “مال”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 225
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “مال”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 1174
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “مال”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen, page 1089
- Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “مال”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1239
Laki
Persian
Etymology
From Arabic مَال (māl). The pronominal use is also found in Iraqi Arabic, hence it may have entered Persian through dialectal Arabic or it may be a Persian influence on the former.
Noun
مال • (mâl) (plural اموال (amvâl) or مالها (mâl-hâ))
Usage notes
As seen in example sentences above, in the sense of "property", this noun can be used with ezâfe to approximate the English possessive pronouns. For example, "mine" would be rendered مال من (mâl-e man) and "yours" as مال تو (mâl-e to).
Related terms
- مالی (mâli)