以德報怨

Chinese

		to use; according to; so as to to use; according to; so as to; in order to; by; with; because; Israel (abbrev.)	Germany; virtue; goodness Germany; virtue; goodness; morality; ethics; kindness; favor; character; kind
trad. (以德報怨)		以	德	報怨
simp. (以德报怨)		以	德	报怨

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǐdébàoyuàn

(Zhuyin): ㄧˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄅㄠˋ ㄩㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁵ dak¹ bou³ jyun³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yǐdébàoyuàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄅㄠˋ ㄩㄢˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yyiderbawyuann
  - IPA ^(key): /i²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ tɤ³⁵ pɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ y̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ji⁵ dak¹ bou³ jyun³
  - Yale: yíh dāk bou yun
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁵ dak⁷ bou³ jyn³
  - Guangdong Romanization: yi⁵ deg¹ bou³ yun³
  - IPA ^(key): /jiː¹³ tɐk̚⁵ pou̯³³ jyːn³³/

Middle Chinese: /jɨ^X tək̚ pɑu^H ʔʉɐn|ʔʉɐn^H/▼

Rime
Character	以	德	報	怨	怨
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	端 (5)	幫 (1)	影 (34)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	德 (131)	豪 (89)	元 (66)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	I	I	III	III
Fanqie	羊己切	多則切	博耗切	於袁切	於願切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨ^X/	/tək̚/	/pɑu^H/	/ʔʉɐn/	/ʔʉɐn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/jɨ^X/	/tək̚/	/pɑu^H/	/ʔʷiɐn/	/ʔʷiɐn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ie^X/	/tək̚/	/pɑu^H/	/ʔiuɐn/	/ʔiuɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨ^X/	/tək̚/	/paw^H/	/ʔuan/	/ʔuan^H/
Li Rong	/iə^X/	/tək̚/	/pɑu^H/	/ʔiuɐn/	/ʔiuɐn^H/
Wang Li	/jĭə^X/	/tək̚/	/pɑu^H/	/ĭwɐn/	/ĭwɐn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/i^X/	/tək̚/	/pɑu^H/	/ʔi̯wɐn/	/ʔi̯wɐn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǐ	de	bào	yuān	yuàn

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ləʔ tˤək pˤuk-s [ʔ]o[r]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*lɯʔ tɯːɡ puːɡs qon|qons/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	以	德	報	怨
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǐ	dé	bào	yuàn
Middle Chinese	‹ yi^X ›	‹ tok ›	‹ paw^H ›	‹ ʔjwon^H ›
Old Chinese	/*ləʔ/	/*tˁək/	/*pˁuk-s/	/*[ʔ]o[r]-s/
English	take, use	virtue	repay	resentment
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	以	德	報	怨	怨
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	14929	17266	329	16286	16305
Phonetic component	以	直	報	夗	夗
Rime group	之	職	奧	元	元
Rime subdivision	0	0	1	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	以	德	報	鴛	怨
Old Chinese	/*lɯʔ/	/*tɯːɡ/	/*puːɡs/	/*qon/	/*qons/

Idiom

以德報怨

to return good for evil; to return kindness for injury
- 或曰：「以德報怨，何如？」子曰：「何以報德？以直報怨，以德報德。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  或曰：“以德报怨，何如？”子曰：“何以报德？以直报怨，以德报德。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Huò yuē: “Yǐ dé bào yuàn, hé rú?” Zǐ yuē: “Hé yǐ bào dé? Yǐ zhí bào yuàn, yǐ dé bào dé.” [Pinyin]
  Some one said, “What do you say concerning the principle that injury should be recompensed with kindness?” The Master said, “With what then will you recompense kindness? Recompense injury with justice, and recompense kindness with kindness.”

See also

以怨報德／以怨报德 (yǐyuànbàodé)
以直報怨／以直报怨
以德報德／以德报德

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