傷害

See also: 伤害

Chinese

		injure; injury; wound	to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm; evil; calamity
trad. (傷害)		傷	害
simp. (伤害)		伤	害

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shānghài

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄤㄏㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng¹ hoi⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sông-hoi
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): siong-hāi / siang-hāi

(Teochew, Peng'im): siên¹ hai⁷ / sion¹ hai⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: shānghài
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄤㄏㄞˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanghay
  - IPA ^(key): /ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ xaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: soeng¹ hoi⁶
  - Yale: sēung hoih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soeng¹ hoi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: sêng¹ hoi⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /sœ̽ːŋ⁵⁵ hɔːy̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sông-hoi
  - Hakka Romanization System: song´ hoi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: song¹ hoi⁴
  - IPA: /soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hoi̯⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siong-hāi
  - Tâi-lô: siong-hāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sionghai
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiɔŋ³³ haɪ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² haɪ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ haɪ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siang-hāi
  - Tâi-lô: siang-hāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sianghai
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² haɪ²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: siên¹ hai⁷ / sion¹ hai⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sieⁿ hāi / sioⁿ hāi
  - IPA ^(key): /sĩẽ³³⁻²³ hai¹¹/, /sĩõ³³⁻²³ hai¹¹/

Note:

siên1 hai7 - Chaozhou;
sion1 hai7 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang.

Middle Chinese: /ɕɨɐŋ ɦɑi^H/▼

Rime
Character	傷	害
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	泰 (25)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	式羊切	胡蓋切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨɐŋ/	/ɦɑi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɐŋ/	/ɦɑi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiɑŋ/	/ɣɑi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕɨaŋ/	/ɦaj^H/
Li Rong	/ɕiaŋ/	/ɣɑi^H/
Wang Li	/ɕĭaŋ/	/ɣɑi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯aŋ/	/ɣɑi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shāng	hài

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥aŋ N-kˤat-s|m-kˤat-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*hljaŋ|hljaŋs ɡaːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	傷	害	害
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shāng	hài	hài
Middle Chinese	‹ syang ›	‹ haj^H ›	‹ haj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥aŋ/	/*N-kˁat-s/	/*m-kˁat-s/
English	wound	be hurt (v.i.); injury (n.)	hurt (v.t.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	傷	傷	害
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	14581	14588	4845
Phonetic component	昜	昜	害
Rime group	陽	陽	祭
Rime subdivision	0	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	商	餉	害
Old Chinese	/*hljaŋ/	/*hljaŋs/	/*ɡaːds/
Notes			金文非丯聲，似𥎆初文加古聲，㝬通胡

Verb

傷害

to injure; to hurt
傷害感情 / 伤害感情 ― shānghài gǎnqíng ― to hurt someone's feelings
- 民食果蓏蜯蛤腥臊惡臭，而傷害腸胃。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  民食果蓏蜯蛤腥臊恶臭，而伤害肠胃。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Han Feizi, circa 2^nd century BCE
  Mínshí guǒ luǒ bàng gé xīngsào wùchòu, ér shānghài chángwèi. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)
- 李嚴忙下馬卸甲投降，軍士不曾傷害一人。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  李严忙下马卸甲投降，军士不曾伤害一人。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14^th century CE
  Lǐyán máng xiàmǎ xièjiǎ tóujiàng, jūnshì bùcéng shānghài yīrén. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)
(law) to commit assault

Synonyms

(to injure):

edit

危及 (wēijí)
危害 (wēihài)

損傷／损伤 (sǔnshāng)
損害／损害 (sǔnhài)

Noun

傷害

injury
(law) assault

Derived terms

人身傷害／人身伤害 (rénshēn shānghài)
傷害保險／伤害保险

傷害罪／伤害罪
重複使力傷害／重复使力伤害 (chóngfù shǐlì shānghài)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (傷害):

→ Japanese: 傷 (しょう)害 (がい) (shōgai)
→ Korean: 상해 (傷害, sanghae)
→ Vietnamese: thương hại (傷害)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
傷	害
しょう Grade: 6	がい Grade: 4
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 傷害 (MC ɕɨɐŋ ɦɑi^H).

Noun

傷害 (hiragana しょうがい, rōmaji shōgai)

injury
- 1949, 永なが井い隆たかし (Takashi Nagai), 長崎の鐘 [The Bells of Nagasaki]:
  
  傷 (しょう)害 (がい)の原 (げん)因 (いん)は原 (げん)子 (し)爆 (ばく)弾 (だん)に直 (ちょく)接 (せつ)よるものと、その爆 (ばく)発 (はつ)の現 (げん)象 (しょう)に伴 (ともな)う間 (かん)接 (せつ)のものとがある。
  Shōgai no gen'in wa genshibakudan ni chokusetsu yoru mono to, sono bakuhatsu no genshō ni tomonau kansetsu no mono to ga aru.
  Injuries were caused by direct exposure to the nuclear blast as well as indirectly from contact with the resulting phenomena.

Verb

傷害する (hiragana しょうがいする, rōmaji shōgai suru)

to injure

Conjugation

Conjugation of "傷害する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	傷害し	しょうがいし	shōgai shi
Continuative (連用形)	傷害し	しょうがいし	shōgai shi
Terminal (終止形)	傷害する	しょうがいする	shōgai suru
Attributive (連体形)	傷害する	しょうがいする	shōgai suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	傷害すれ	しょうがいすれ	shōgai sure
Imperative (命令形)	傷害せよ¹ 傷害しろ²	しょうがいせよ¹ しょうがいしろ²	shōgai seyo¹ shōgai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	傷害される	しょうがいされる	shōgai sareru
Causative	傷害させる傷害さす	しょうがいさせるしょうがいさす	shōgai saseru shōgai sasu
Potential	傷害できる	しょうがいできる	shōgai dekiru
Volitional	傷害しよう	しょうがいしよう	shōgai shiyō
Negative	傷害しない	しょうがいしない	shōgai shinai
Negative continuative	傷害せず	しょうがいせず	shōgai sezu
Formal	傷害します	しょうがいします	shōgai shimasu
Perfective	傷害した	しょうがいした	shōgai shita
Conjunctive	傷害して	しょうがいして	shōgai shite
Hypothetical conditional	傷害すれば	しょうがいすれば	shōgai sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
傷	害

Noun

傷害 • (sanghae) (hangeul 상해)

Hanja form^? of 상해 (“injury; wound”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this word
傷	害

Verb

傷害

Hán tự form of thương hại (“to feel sorry for someone; to pity; to show compassion to”).

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