優曇婆羅
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From Sanskrit उडुम्बर (uḍumbara, “cluster fig (Ficus racemosa)”).
| Rime | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 優 | 曇 | 婆 | 羅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 定 (7) | 並 (3) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 覃 (159) | 戈 (95) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I | I | I |
| Fanqie | 於求切 | 徒含切 | 薄波切 | 魯何切 |
| Reconstructions | ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʔɨu/ | /dʌm/ | /buɑ/ | /lɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʔiu/ | /dəm/ | /buɑ/ | /lɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʔiəu/ | /dɒm/ | /buɑ/ | /lɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʔuw/ | /dəm/ | /bwa/ | /la/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʔiu/ | /dᴀm/ | /buɑ/ | /lɑ/ |
| Wang Li |
/ĭəu/ | /dɒm/ | /buɑ/ | /lɑ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʔi̯ə̯u/ | /dʱăm/ | /bʱuɑ/ | /lɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yōu | tán | pó | luó |