華

See also: 华 and 崋
華 U+83EF, 華
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83EF
← 菮
[U+83EE] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 菰 →
[U+83F0]

Translingual

Han character

華 (radical 140, 艸+8 in traditional Chinese, 艸+7 in mainland China and Japanese, 12 strokes in Chinese in traditional Chinese, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, 11 strokes in Korean, cangjie input 廿一廿十 (TMTJ), four-corner 44504, composition ⿱艹⿻丅⿱艹二)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 1039, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31119
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1497, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3213, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+83EF

Chinese
trad. 華
simp. 华

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 華
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (華) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鞾 *qʰʷa
華 *qʰʷraː, *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs
譁 *qʰʷraː
樺 *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs
嘩 *ɡʷraː
驊 *ɡʷraː
鏵 *ɡʷraː
崋 *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs

Pictogram (象形) ; this was the original form of 花 (OC *hʷraː, “flower”). In the bronze inscription form, the top part of the glyph resembles flowers of a plant, and the bottom part (于) resembles its stalk and leaves. Also phono-semantic (形聲) , with 于 (OC *ɢʷa) functioning as the phonetic part. In the seal script, 艸 (“grass; plant”) was added as a semantic component.

華 (𦻏) and 𠌶 were initially the same character, but they were erroneously split in Shuowen into two entries.

Pronunciation 1
Note: ê6 - only used in 華美, a village in Chao'an, Guangdong.
Rime
Character 華
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 麻 (99)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 戸花切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦˠua/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦʷᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣua/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦwaɨ/
Li
Rong		 /ɣua/
Wang
Li		 /ɣwa/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣwa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 huá
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 華
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 huá
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hwæ ›
Old
Chinese		 /*N-qʷʰˁra/
English flower (v.); flowery (adj.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 華
Reading # 2/3
No. 5312
Phonetic
component		 華
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 華
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡʷraː/
Notes 說文於聲

Definitions

華

  1. brilliance; magnificence
  2. (good) times; years; period
  3. young; youthful
  4. literary grace; talent for literature
  5. prestige; status; fame
  6. colourful; brilliant (especially of carvings and decorations)
  7. magnificent; gorgeous; resplendent
  8. delicious; tasty
  9. essence; quintessence
  10. (honorific) your; your honourable
  11. (exalted) Short for 華夏／华夏 (Huáxià): land of illustrious clothing and grand ritual—China; Chinese culture
  12. Short for 漢語／汉语 (hànyǔ, “Chinese language”).
  13. luxuriant; flourishing; prosperous
  14. noble; influential; eminent
  15. yellow (colour)
  16. pink; rosy
  17. grey (of hair)
  18. flashy; extravagant; showy; ostentatious; florid
  19. (historical) cover of a carriage
  20. fruit (of a cucurbit plant)
  21. (geology) sinter
  22. (chemistry) chemical produced via sublimation
  23. (astronomy) corona; ring of light
  24. Alternative form of 譁 (“noisy”).

Compounds
Derived terms from 華

Pronunciation 2
Rime
Character 華
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 麻 (99)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 呼瓜切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /hˠua/
Pan
Wuyun		 /hʷᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xua/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hwaɨ/
Li
Rong		 /xua/
Wang
Li		 /xwa/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xwa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 huā
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 華
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 huā
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xwæ ›
Old
Chinese		 /*qʷʰˁra/
English flower (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 華
Reading # 1/3
No. 5308
Phonetic
component		 華
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 華
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰʷraː/

Definitions

華

  1. Alternative form of 花 (huā, “flower; blossom”).
  2. to flower; to blossom
  3. (traditional Chinese medicine) flower pulse; weak pulse
  4. to be dim-sighted; to be dazzled
  5. to dissect; to cut up

Compounds
Derived terms from 華

Pronunciation 3
Rime
Character 華
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 麻 (99)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 胡化切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦˠuaH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦʷᵚaH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣuaH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦwaɨH/
Li
Rong		 /ɣuaH/
Wang
Li		 /ɣwaH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣwaH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 huà
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 華
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 huà
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hwæH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɢ]ʷˁra-s/
English [name of a mountain]

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 華
Reading # 3/3
No. 5316
Phonetic
component		 華
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 摦
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡʷraːs/
Notes 華山、同崋

Definitions

華

  1. (～山) Mount Hua (mountain in Shaanxi province)
  2. Original form of 樺／桦 (huà, “birch”).
  3. A surname​.

Compounds
Derived terms from 華

Japanese

Kanji
華

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. flower
  2. flashiness
  3. brilliance, shine
  4. beauty, splendor
  5. fine, white powder
  6. China, Chinese
  7. sixty-one-year-old; kanreki

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
華
か
Grade: S
kan’on

/kua/ → /kʷa/ → /ka/

From Middle Chinese 華 (MC ɦˠua).

Pronunciation

Noun

華 (hiragana か, rōmaji ka, historical hiragana くわ)

  1. flashiness, showiness
    Synonym: 虚飾 (kyoshoku)
Idioms

Proper noun

華 (hiragana か, rōmaji Ka, historical hiragana くわ)

  1. a surname
  2. a male or female given name

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
華
はな
Grade: S
kun’yomi

/pana/ → /fana/ → /hana/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

Noun

華 (hiragana はな, rōmaji hana)

  1. Alternative spelling of 花 (hana): flower; flower arrangement
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 華華 (はなばな) (hanabana), 華々 (はなばな) (hanabana)
  • 華 (はな)めく (hanameku)
  • 華 (はな)やか (hanayaka)
  • 華 (はな)やぐ (hanayagu)
  • 華岡 (はなおか) (Hanaoka)
  • 議会 (ぎかい)の華 (はな) (gikai no hana)
  • 国 (くに)の華 (はな) (kuni no hana)
  • 波 (なみ)の華 (はな) (nami no hana)
  • 水 (みず)の華 (はな) (mizu no hana)
  • 湯 (ゆ)の華 (はな) (yu no hana)
Idioms
  • 火 (か)事 (じ)と喧 (けん)嘩 (か)は江 (え)戸 (ど)の華 (はな) (kaji to kenka wa Edo no hana)
Proverbs
  • 枯木 (こぼく)華 (はな)開 (ひら)く (koboku hana hiraku)

Proper noun

華 (hiragana はな, rōmaji Hana)

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

華 • (hwa) (hangeul 화)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

華: Hán Việt readings: hoa (戶(hộ)花(hoa)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
華: Nôm readings: hoa[1][2][3][4]

  1. Hán tự form of Hoa (“Hoa people”).

Compounds

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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