花
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Translingual
Stroke order | |||
Simplified Chinese and Japanese |
Han character
花 (radical 140, 艸+4, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 7 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 廿人心 (TOP), four-corner 44214, composition ⿱艹化)
References
- KangXi: page 1020, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30734
- Dae Jaweon: page 1478, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3181, character 7
- Unihan data for U+82B1
Chinese
trad. | 花 | |
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simp. # | 花 | |
variant forms | 華/华 蘤 芲 𠌶 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 花 | ||
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Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series (化) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
訛 | *ŋʷaːl |
吪 | *ŋʷaːl |
鈋 | *ŋʷaːl |
囮 | *lu, *ŋʷaːl |
魤 | *ŋʷaːl |
靴 | *hʷa |
貨 | *hŋʷaːls |
花 | *hʷraː |
化 | *hŋʷraːls |
杹 | *hŋʷraːls |
匕 | *pilʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hʷraː) : semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls). Originally 𠌶 or 華 before the Han dynasty.
Etymology
Unknown. According to Schuessler (2007), either from:
- Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bar and thus an example of possible *b~*w variation, with final -r moved to medial position. If so, cognate with 葩 (OC *pʰraː); outside Sinitic, compare Burmese ပန်း (pan:), Lepcha [script needed] (búr), Mizo páar.
- Or from Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *pkaaw ~ *pkaʔ (“flower, blossom”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
花
- flower; blossom (Classifier: 朵 m; 支 m; 束 m; 把 m; 盆 m; 簇 m)
- florid; flowery
- pattern; design
- blurred
- fireworks
- essence; cream
- wound
- smallpox
- courtesan; prostitute
- to spend (money, time, etc.); to cost
- profligate
- (slang) randy; lecherous
- (slang) to be horny; to womanize
- false
- (Cantonese) scratched
- A surname. Hua
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 花朵 (“flower”) [map] | ||
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Variety | Location | Words |
Classical Chinese | 花, 華 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 花朵 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 花兒 |
Taiwan | 花 | |
Jinan | 花 | |
Muping | 花 | |
Xi'an | 花 | |
Lanzhou | 花兒 | |
Ürümqi | 花 | |
Wuhan | 花 | |
Chengdu | 花 | |
Yangzhou | 花 | |
Hefei | 花 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 花 |
Hong Kong | 花 | |
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 花 | |
Taishan | 花 | |
Yangjiang | 花 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 花 |
Lichuan | 花 | |
Pingxiang | 花 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 花 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 花 | |
Liudui (S. Sixian) | 花 | |
Hsinchu (Hailu) | 花 | |
Dongshi (Dabu) | 花 | |
Hsinchu (Raoping) | 花 | |
Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 花 | |
Hong Kong | 花 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 花 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 花兒 |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 花 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 花 |
Fuqing | 花 | |
Matsu | 花 | |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 花, 花蕊 |
Quanzhou | 花, 花蕊 | |
Zhangzhou | 花, 花蕊 | |
Taipei | 花, 花蕊 | |
Penang | 花 | |
Singapore | 花 | |
Philippines (Manila) | 花 | |
Chaozhou | 花 | |
Haikou | 花 | |
Leizhou | 花 | |
Pinghua | Nanning | 花朵 |
Wu | Shanghai | 花 |
Suzhou | 花 | |
Hangzhou | 花 | |
Wenzhou | 花 | |
Chongming | 花 | |
Jinhua | 花 | |
Ningbo | 花 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 花 |
Shuangfeng | 花 |
Compounds
Derived terms from 花
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Japanese
Readings
Compounds
Compounds
- 花期 (kaki, “flowering season”)
- 花壇 (kadan, “flower bed”)
- 花瓶 (kabin, “vase”)
- 花粉 (kafun, “pollen”)
- 花弁 (kaben, “petal”)
- 花蜜 (kamitsu, “nectar”)
- 桜花 (ōka, “cherry flower”)
- 開花 (kaika, “flowering; blossoming”)
- 紫陽花 (shiyōka, “hydrangea”)
- 桃花 (tōka, “peach flower”)
- 八仙花 (hassenka, “hydrangea”)
- 紫陽花, 八仙花 (ajisai, “hydrangea”)
- 無花果 (ichijiku)
- 花魁 (oiran)
- 女郎花 (ominaeshi)
- 燕子花 (kakitsubata)
- 花梨, 花櫚 (karin)
- 花車 (kyasha)
- 山茶花 (sanzaka), 山茶花 (sazanka)
- 胡蝶花 (shaga)
- 石楠花 (shakunage)
- 浪花 (Naniwa)
- 凌霄花 (nōzenkazura)
- 唐棣花 (hanezu)
Noun
- a flower
- 1999 February 4, “
火 炎 草 [Fire Grass]”, in Vol.1, Konami:- 火山の近くに生息する草。花から火炎を吹き攻撃する。
- Kazan no chikaku ni seisoku suru kusa. Hana kara kaen o fuki kōgeki suru.
- A grass that grows near volcanoes. It breathes fire from its flowers.
- 火山の近くに生息する草。花から火炎を吹き攻撃する。
- 1999 March 1, “ダーク・プラント [Dark Plant]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:
- 汚染された土と闇の力で育てられた花。とても凶暴。
- Osen sareta tsuchi to yami no chikara de sodaterareta hana. Totemo kyōbō.
- A flower that grows from polluted soil and dark powers. It is very nasty.
- 汚染された土と闇の力で育てられた花。とても凶暴。
- 1999 May 25, “
深 淵 に咲 く花 [The Flower That Blooms in the Abyss]”, in BOOSTER 2, Konami:- 光の届かない深淵にひっそりと咲く、あまり見かけない花。
- Hikari no todokanai shin'en ni hissori to saku, amari mikakenai hana.
- A rarely seen flower that silently blooms in the depths of the abyss where the sun never shines.
- 光の届かない深淵にひっそりと咲く、あまり見かけない花。
- 1999 July 5, “
命 ある花 瓶 [Living Vase]”, in BOOSTER 3, Konami:- 生けてある花から、花粉を飛ばし噛みついてくる生きている花瓶。
- Iketearu hana kara, kafun o tobashi kamitsuitekuru ikiteiru kabin.
- A living vase that bites and releases pollen from its living flowers.
- 生けてある花から、花粉を飛ばし噛みついてくる生きている花瓶。
- 花が咲く頃
- hana ga saku goro
- when the flowers bloom
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- Short for 生け花 (ikebana): flower arrangement
- Short for 花札 (hanafuda): Japanese playing cards
- the best days of one's life
- the best thing
- essence
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 花暦 (hanagoyomi, “flower calendar”)
- 花束 (hanataba, “bouquet”)
- 花茶 (hanacha, “flower tea”)
- 花火 (hanabi, “fireworks”)
- 花見 (hanami, “flower viewing”)
- 花婿 (hanamuko, “groom”)
- 花屋 (hanaya, “florist”)
- 花嫁 (hanayome, “bride”)
- 花輪 (hanawa, “garland of flowers; wreath”)
- 生花, 生け花 (ikebana, “Japanese floral arranging”)
- 菊の花 (kiku no hana, “chrysanthemum”)
- 茅花 (chibana), 茅花 (tsubana)
- 七花の節句 (Nanahana no Sekku, “festival of seven flowers”)
- 火花 (hibana, “spark”)
Korean
Kunigami
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pʰanaː/
Miyako
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pana/
Okinawan
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /hana/
Vietnamese
Han character
花: Hán Việt readings: hoa (
花: Nôm readings: hoa[1][2][3][4], huê[1][3][4], oa[1], ba[2]
Compounds
- 炮花 (pháo hoa)
References
- Nguyễn (2014).
- Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- Trần (2004).
- Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
Yaeyama
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pana/
Yonaguni
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /hana/
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